Increasingly, operators worldwide will be faced with a similar challenge of managing data congestion over multiple access networks. With networks evolving into LTE, operators would need to carefully assess the technology fit into integrating complementary nature of multiple access networks into an all-IP flat architecture. An all IP flat architecture helps to tie heterogeneous access networks that devices can attach to access end-user services. Communication devices today are able to connect with more than one type of wireless technologies to the “web of things”. An end-user will connect to a Wi-Fi hotspot, if within range. When moving away from range, the communication link is handover to for example, UMTS. The motivation of inter-working lies in marrying the diverse strengths of each communication technology. High-bandwidth data communication inherent in WLAN lacks mobility. Conversely, cellular technologies such as UMTS succeed in highly mobile environments, but limited in bandwidth. Although cellular networks are evolving from today’s 3G to LTE that brings promise of capacity leaps (by nearly 4 times), the overall data growth projection will outpace LTE deployments and fill up very quickly.
The immediate need to curtail congested network and effectively manage mobility is imminent to accommodate the data traffic on their networks. The impact of inter-mobility between inter access technology together with various types of mobility support including 3GPP legacy network and non 3GPP is necessary to provide a target low-latency, higher data-rate, all-IP core network capable of supporting real-time packet services. Some of the available IP mobility protocols lack sufficient control to the network to optimize the handover process and do not handle well with slow connection setups of some wireless technologies. This paper highlights the potential approaches of bringing together mobility technologies that are available and how these approaches contribute to resolve operator concerns in deployment of services and combating congestion, access technology integration and evolution to LTE from legacy 3GPP networks.
COMPARATIVE AND QOS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL-AERIAL PLATFORMS-SATE...IJCNCJournal
Wireless communications, nowadays, becomes a vital element of people’s daily life. Providing global connectivity in future communication systems via the heterogeneous network opens up many research topics to investigate potentialities, enabling technologies, and challenges from the perspective of the
integrated wireless systems. This paper aims to drive a comprehensive and comparative study on terrestrial-aerial platforms- satellite wireless communications systems, includes their characteristics and unravelling challenges. The comparison focuses on issues that reportedly can evaluate any wireless
systems for temporary events. These issues are altitude and coverage, Radio Frequency (RF) propagation, interference, handover, power supply constraints, deployment and maintenance challenges, reliability on special events or disaster relief, cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. Last, Quality of service (QoS) performance is analysed for the four wireless communication systems from the temporary events
perspective using the OPNET Modeller simulation tool. Results infer that space-based wireless systems outperform terrestrial ones.
COMPARATIVE AND QOS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL-AERIAL PLATFORMS-SATE...IJCNCJournal
Wireless communications, nowadays, becomes a vital element of people’s daily life. Providing global connectivity in future communication systems via the heterogeneous network opens up many research topics to investigate potentialities, enabling technologies, and challenges from the perspective of the
integrated wireless systems. This paper aims to drive a comprehensive and comparative study on terrestrial-aerial platforms- satellite wireless communications systems, includes their characteristics and unravelling challenges. The comparison focuses on issues that reportedly can evaluate any wireless
systems for temporary events. These issues are altitude and coverage, Radio Frequency (RF) propagation, interference, handover, power supply constraints, deployment and maintenance challenges, reliability on special events or disaster relief, cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. Last, Quality of service (QoS) performance is analysed for the four wireless communication systems from the temporary events
perspective using the OPNET Modeller simulation tool. Results infer that space-based wireless systems outperform terrestrial ones.
Next Generation Network Architecture, by Sunny Yeung.
A presentation given at APRICOT 2016’s Opening Ceremony and APRICOT Plenary 1 session on 22 February 2016.
Mobile technology g, e, 3 g, 3g +, h, h + or 4g _4g bd _ third and fourth gen...www.4g-bd.com
Those who use a smartphone ( especially those who do it for the first time ) at some time have wondered who those letters ( G, E, 3G, 3G +, H, H + or 4G ) displayed next to the time in top, which also shows other information such as call coverage, time, battery, etc ...
http://www.4g-bd.com/2014/09/mobile-technology-g-e-3g-h-4g.html#sthash.kDJLtxcq.dpbs
Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Cloud Computing in 5G Wireless Technologiesspirit conference
Dr. Masoud Olfat, director of RAN Technology & Global Standards, focused on "Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Cloud Computing in 5G Wireless Technologies" during the spirit conference 2014.
Performance Evaluation of Interactive Video Streaming over WiMAX Network IJECEIAES
Nowadays, the desire of internet access and the need of digital encodings have influenced quite a large number of users to access high quality video application. Offering multimedia services not only to the wired but to wireless mobile client is becoming more viable. In wireless medium, videostreaming still has high resource requirements, for example, bandwidth, traffic priority, smooth play-backs. Therefore, bandwidth demands of these applications are far exceeding the capacity of 3G and Wireless Local Area Networks (LANs). The current research demonstrates the introductory understanding of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) network, applications, the mechanisms, its potential features, and techniques used to provide QoS in WiMAX, and lastly the network is simulated to report the diverse requirements of streamed video conferencing traffic and its specifications. For this purpose two input parameters of video traffic are selected, i.e, refresh rate, which is monitored in terms of frames per second and pixel resolutions which basically counts the number of pixels in digital imaging. The network model is developed in OPNET. Different outcomes from simulation based models are analyzed and appropriate reasons are also discussed. Apart from this, the second aim of the current research is to address whether WiMAX access technology for streaming video applications could provide comparable network performance to Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). For this purpose network metrices such as End to End delay and throughput is taken into consideration for optimization.
Next Generation Network Architecture, by Sunny Yeung.
A presentation given at APRICOT 2016’s Opening Ceremony and APRICOT Plenary 1 session on 22 February 2016.
Mobile technology g, e, 3 g, 3g +, h, h + or 4g _4g bd _ third and fourth gen...www.4g-bd.com
Those who use a smartphone ( especially those who do it for the first time ) at some time have wondered who those letters ( G, E, 3G, 3G +, H, H + or 4G ) displayed next to the time in top, which also shows other information such as call coverage, time, battery, etc ...
http://www.4g-bd.com/2014/09/mobile-technology-g-e-3g-h-4g.html#sthash.kDJLtxcq.dpbs
Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Cloud Computing in 5G Wireless Technologiesspirit conference
Dr. Masoud Olfat, director of RAN Technology & Global Standards, focused on "Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Cloud Computing in 5G Wireless Technologies" during the spirit conference 2014.
Performance Evaluation of Interactive Video Streaming over WiMAX Network IJECEIAES
Nowadays, the desire of internet access and the need of digital encodings have influenced quite a large number of users to access high quality video application. Offering multimedia services not only to the wired but to wireless mobile client is becoming more viable. In wireless medium, videostreaming still has high resource requirements, for example, bandwidth, traffic priority, smooth play-backs. Therefore, bandwidth demands of these applications are far exceeding the capacity of 3G and Wireless Local Area Networks (LANs). The current research demonstrates the introductory understanding of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) network, applications, the mechanisms, its potential features, and techniques used to provide QoS in WiMAX, and lastly the network is simulated to report the diverse requirements of streamed video conferencing traffic and its specifications. For this purpose two input parameters of video traffic are selected, i.e, refresh rate, which is monitored in terms of frames per second and pixel resolutions which basically counts the number of pixels in digital imaging. The network model is developed in OPNET. Different outcomes from simulation based models are analyzed and appropriate reasons are also discussed. Apart from this, the second aim of the current research is to address whether WiMAX access technology for streaming video applications could provide comparable network performance to Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). For this purpose network metrices such as End to End delay and throughput is taken into consideration for optimization.
Long term evolution (LTE) is replacing the 3G services slowly but steadily and become a preferred choice
for data for human to human (H2H) services and now it is becoming preferred choice for voice also. In
some developed countries the traditional 2G services gradually decommissioned from the service and
getting replaced with LTE for all H2H services. LTE provided high downlink and uplink bandwidth
capacity and is one of the technology like mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and vehicular ad hoc network
(VANET) being used as the backbone communication infrastructure for vehicle networking applications.
When Compared to VANET and MANET, LTE provides wide area of coverage and excellent infrastructure
facilities for vehicle networking. This helps in transmitting the vehicle information to the operator and
downloading certain information into the vehicle nodes (VNs) from the operators server. As per the ETSI
publications the number of machine to machine communication (MTC) devices are expected to touch 50
billion by 2020 and this will surpass H2H communication. With growing congestion in the LTE network,
accessing the network for any request from VN especially during peak hour is a big challenge because of
the congestion in random access channel (RACH). In this paper we will analyse this RACH congestion
problem with the data from the live network. Lot of algorithms are proposed for resolving the RACH
congestion on the basis of simulation results so we would like to present some practical data from the live
network to this issue to understand the extent RACH congestion issue in the real time scenario.
Rapidly IPv6 multimedia management schemes based LTE-A wireless networksIJECEIAES
Ensuring the best quality of smart multimedia services becomes an essential goal for modern enterprises so there is always a need for effective IP mobility smart management schemes in order to fulfill the following two main functions: (I) interconnecting the moving terminals around the extended indoor smart services. In addition, (II) providing session continuity for instant data transfer in real-time and multimedia applications with negligible latency, efficient bandwidth utilization, and improved reliability. In this context, it found out that the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) over LTE-A network that offers many advanced services for large numbers of users with higher bandwidths, better spectrum efficiency, and lower latency. In GMPLS, there is an elimination of the routing searches and choice of routing protocols on every core LTE-A router also it provides the architecture simplicity and increases the scalability. A comparative assessment of three types of IPv6 mobility management schemes over the LTE-A provided by using various types of multimedia. By using OPNET Simulator 17.5, In accordance with these schemes, it was proven that the IPv6-GMPLS scheme is the best choice for the system's operation, in comparison to the IPv6-MPLS and Mobile IPv6 for all multimedia offerings and on the overall network performance.
Improvements for DMM in SDN and Virtualization-Based Mobile Network Architectureijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR DMM IN SDN AND VIRTUALIZATION-BASED MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTUREijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of
managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption
and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR DMM IN SDN AND VIRTUALIZATION-BASED MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTUREijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP
preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup
validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
The modern communication system is aimed to reach the real world one environment from virtual world via connecting resources of one with another through social network system. The communication process is aggravated various infrastructural development to reach in this current level such as 3G and 4G communication system.
The term 4G is used by several types of broadband wireless access communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems. One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC—Mobile multimedia, anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, integrated wireless solution, and customized personal service. As a promise for the future, 4G
systems, that is, cellular broadband wireless access systems have been attracting much interest in the mobile communication arena. The 4G systems not only will support the next generation of mobile service, but also will support the fixed wireless networks. This article presents an overall vision of the 4G features, framework, and integration of mobile communication.
In the past, we’ve seen a regular 10 year technology refresh with 2G, 3G and 4G each being added incrementally. Some believe that 5G will follow in the same cycle, although at the moment it remains vague and unpredictable. Others point out that the benefits of each new generation – mainly increasing spectral efficiency and releasing new spectrum – are reaching their full potential. This has been a key argument for small cell deployment, which increases capacity through frequency reuse without the need for additional spectrum or spectral efficiencies.
Case for Layer 3 Intelligence at the Mobile Cell SiteAviat Networks
Mobile cell sites are transitioning from simple Layer 2 connected sites for voice and low-speed mobile data access to multi-functional hubs for delivery of new services built on Layer 3 intelligence.
Radio Link Analysis for 4G TD- LTE Technology at 2.3 GHz FrequencySukhvinder Singh Malik
The Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest step in an advancing series of mobile telecommunications systems.
In this paper, authors show interest on the link budgeting the information presented here will help readers understand how the budgeting will be done in LTE. This paper provides
dimensioning of LTE for particular city.
This will provides the number of cell count. Here we tell about a GUI MATLAB System for calculation of no. of resources required to provide services in particular area with optimum cost and better quality.
Proxy Mobile IPv6 is a network-based mobility management protocol standardized
recently in IETF. This protocol is being referenced in various system architectures
such as a protocol for building a common and access independent mobile core. Currently, there are number of extensions that are being specified for extending this protocol to support various mobility features. This document provides a brief overview of the protocol features and the deployment scenarios behind these features. Additionally, this document also identifies the developmental efforts within Cisco for building the interfaces based on Proxy Mobile IPv6 on Cisco’s mobile gateway products.
A Comparative Study on 4G and 5G Technology for Wireless Applicationsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Green Packet Berhad Enters Collaboration with Hannover Rueck to Launch Usage ...Green Packet
We are proud to announce the signature of a Memorandum of Understanding between Green Packet Berhad and Hannover Rueck. The partnership will aim to leverage the information from telematics data to recommend customized insurance programs to commercial fleets. This collaboration is part of the Green Packet’s Smart Mobility strategic initiative to improve the convenience and safety of Malaysian road users.
WiFi Offload Strategy for Telcos-OperatorsGreen Packet
Given the increase in the number of permutations of device and content available out there, a move towards web-based cloud solutions will inevitably form the need for more mobility and efficiency in delivery. This paper will discuss the implications of the emergence of multifunction, multi-radio systems and multiplatform application and services that are driving forward seamless mobility in the pretext of “now” that allows users to transparently access network connections and ensure session persistence across varied connections for consistent experience together.
The ability to use voice, mobile apps, SMS, email, websites, chat, video, and social media through a single device is forcing operators to rethink their mobile strategies in the form of offload. With the increased data usage, operator networks become increasingly congested. As such, a smart and dynamic connected interaction is necessary to allow better traffic management with particular capabilities of the device with which it is characterized.
In this paper, we will examine how dynamic data offloading with 3GPP based Access Network Discovery Selection Function (ANDSF) plays its role in the implementation of selective offloading. ANDSF as specified in 3GPP standards describes how the inter-system mobility between 3GPP systems and non-3GPP systems (WLAN, WiMAX, CDMA) policies and priorities can control the conditions for which a device connects to which wireless network. As mobility is becoming a mainstream for customer engagement, operators must ensure contextual continuity is preserved through an integrated approach.
The DA LTE & WiMAX Indoor modem is a part of Greenpacket’s
portfolio of a whole new vision of next generation 4G network
access device. It is the industry’s first complete 4G WiMAX and
LTE TDD Indoor Integrated Access Device (IAD) solution.
It focuses on features that matter most to operators with the
users in mind, equipped with the latest 4G ecosystem features,
engineered with state-of-the-art technologies and built with
Wi-Fi and VoIP functionality, the DA serves as a complete home
network access power house perfect for both wireless
broadband service providers transitioning from 4G WiMAX to
LTE TDD or converged carriers operating a 4G WiMAX and LTE
TDD network.
Wi-Fi Driving Mobile Internet Explosion in Next Generation NetworksGreen Packet
The proliferation of Wi-Fi enabled devices and growth in Wi-Fi hotspot deployment is predicted to rise 350% by 2015 and it is necessary for operators to innovate quickly to an ecosystem of scalable, integrated, efficient network to drive customers experience; offload busy mobile broadband networks; and provide a value-added services platform.
Operators are turning customer centric strategies to pragmatic practice. Universally, operators have expressed strong interest to derive revenues beyond connectivity. The vision of broadband has allowed juggling a mix between cost, revenue, intelligence and performance. In this paper, the study of Wi-Fi explores the potential of new generation of services, connected devices value chain and growth opportunities from emerging embedded systems that is worthwhile investing strategically.
Shift of connectedness is key component in bringing new services to market, closing the gap on disparate radio technologies onto integrated delivery platform for smart monetization of new service models and simplifying the Wi-Fi experience altogether.
Wi-Fi New Service Models For Next Generation NetworksGreen Packet
In this new era of explosive mobile data growth, rapid rise in mobile broadband services and rich digital content are contributing to unprecedented level of stress on mobile networks. Operators are feeling the pinch on their business models with the arrival of smart devices, leaving them in anxiety and unable to respond to the deluge of data.
As a measure to reduce congestion on their network, several tier 1 operators have discontinued unlimited data plans and launched tiered plans to ensure network performance. At the same time, operators do not want to risk losing a significant growing market of smartphone users that are looking for value added services. It is a challenge for operators to sustain the wave of data, let alone address the dwindling ARPU as the demand of data is outstripping the rate of supply.
The following section of this paper describes the possible options that operators can embrace to overcome the capacity crunch through innovative service models, the impact of Wi-Fi on delivering the right service experience and how emerging technology is pushing further the expectations of “big data”.
Wi-Fi for a Connected World Towards Next Generation NetworksGreen Packet
Wi-Fi has established itself as one of the most popular and widespread technology today reaching millions of homes, schools, enterprises and hotspot locations worldwide. Communication has become an essential part of our lives. The ever-growing Wi-Fi networks combined with integrated Wi-Fi chipsets into thousands of devices has matured and ensured that hundreds of millions of users worldwide now make regular use of Wi-Fi to access the Internet.
The following white paper, discusses the Wi-Fi effects of connectedness shifting from people to people into the connecting a billion of devices. Today’s network consists of multiple access network technologies playing a different role in different contexts. In the race to smart next generation networks, secondary markets in embedded mobile is beginning to garner attention with greater ambitions into tertiary markets of cloud-based solutions, where anything and almost everything will be connected, regardless of geographical boundaries with the ultimate aim of cost effective development and implementation.
Optimizing Cell Ddge Coverage Of Suburban/Rural Deployment With WiMAX Outdoor...Green Packet
Wireless broadband operators constantly face challenges of balancing the economics to deploy a robust and reliable wireless broadband service in suburban-rural areas or at cell-edges. Till to date, a large portion of these areas still remains hugely underserved or receiving unreliable coverage.
This paper in retrospect functions to further solidify the technological advantage of WiMAX, where we explore and proof the concept of suburban-rural deployment through the optimal pairing of a proper CPE strategy.
This paper explores deep into the technical and implementation advantages of an outdoor CPE solution, including the concept of antenna gain, transmission power, integrated POE design and environment-proof enclosure; and the effective advantage of Line of Sight performance and decreased penetration loss amongst other features of an outdoor CPE. We will also explore the misconception behind the high incremental cost, difficulty of engineering installation and service challenges in operations with the implementation of an outdoor CPE.
Helpdesk 2.0 : Subscribers Help Themselves. Operators Reduce ChurnGreen Packet
Over the last decade, customer service excellence has emerged as a core strategy for telecommunications operators with the aim of satisfying subscribers and keeping them loyal. Over time, various customer service channels have surfaced, with call centers being highly preferred due to the personal touch and instant response, however, this option weighs heavily on OPEX and resources.
This paper examines an alternative and more cost-effective approach, through the means of personal digital assistants. This method encourages self-care amongst subscribers and reduces reliance on call centers. It brings about a whole new era in error diagnosis and problem resolution, hence the term Help Desk 2.0. Find out more about how Help Desk 2.0 works and benefits operators, particularly in the area of cost savings and churn reduction.
Pocket Modem : Bringing Forth The Synergy Between WiFi and WiMAXGreen Packet
WiFi has changed the way people connect today and has become the defacto wireless technology on most consumer electronic devices. Where WiFi faces limitation, particularly in terms of fixed usage, Mobile WiMAX complements through its mobility advantage.
This paper focuses on the portable Pocket Modem, a device that leverages on the synergy offered by WiMAX and WiFi. It examines how this synergy benefits users and provides a better connectivity experience.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
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Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Mobility Management For Next Generation Networks
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2. Abstract
Increasingly, operators worldwide will be faced with a similar challenge of managing data congestion
over multiple access networks. With networks evolving into LTE, operators would need to carefully
assess the technology fit into integrating complementary nature of multiple access networks into an
all-IP flat architecture. An all IP flat architecture helps to tie heterogeneous access networks that
devices can attach to access end-user services. Communication devices today are able to connect
with more than one type of wireless technologies to the “web of things”. These connections typically
offer the same or similar capabilities (e.g. IP data). An end-user will connect to a Wi-Fi hotspot, if
within range. When moving away from range, the communication link is handover to for example,
UMTS. The motivation of inter-working lies in marrying the diverse strengths of each communication
technology. High-bandwidth data communication inherent in WLAN lacks mobility. Conversely,
cellular technologies such as UMTS succeed in highly mobile environments, but limited in
bandwidth. Although cellular networks are evolving from today’s 3G to LTE that brings promise of
capacity leaps (by nearly 4 times), the overall data growth projection will outpace LTE deployments
and fill up very quickly.
The immediate need to curtail congested network and effectively manage mobility is imminent to
accommodate the data traffic on their networks. The impact of inter-mobility between inter access
technology together with various types of mobility support including 3GPP legacy network and non
3GPP is necessary to provide a target low-latency, higher data-rate, all-IP core network capable of
supporting real-time packet services. Some of the available IP mobility protocols lack sufficient
control to the network to optimize the handover process and do not handle well with slow
connection setups of some wireless technologies. This paper highlights the potential approaches of
bringing together mobility technologies that are available and how these approaches contribute to
resolve operator concerns in deployment of services and combating congestion, access technology
integration and evolution to LTE from legacy 3GPP networks.
Shift of inter-technology mobility is key component in bringing new services to market, closing the
gap on disparate radio technologies to an integrated delivery platform for optimization of CAPEX and
simplifying LTE deployments.
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3. Contents
Overview 01
Mobility Management, a Closer Look 02
• Coverage, Economics, and Differentiation toward Multi-Access Wireless Networking
Mobility Protocols and Standards 05
• Network-based Mobility
- PMIP
• Host-based Mobility
- DSMIP
Greenpacket Smart Mobility 07
Putting Mobility Management In Practice 08
• New Data Services Through LTE co-exist with UMTS
Conclusion 09
Manage Your Moves, in Every Network Seamlessly 10
References 11
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4. Overview
The rapid growth of data usage is evident and heightened by the worldwide smartphone shipments increasing by 87.2%1
year on year. The emergence of smartphones, feature phones and tablets are leading the change in transforming the next
generation of user interfaces. Mobile communication has become more important in the recent years. With a service mix
of data, voice, VoIP, IPTV and value added service creation operators are challenged to deliver exceptional user
experience to the end-users. To guarantee user mobility in a cellular network, devices should be able to move seamlessly
in and out of networks. The development of such evolved communication is driven by continuing 3GPP standardization
adopting an all-IP flat architecture in Long Term Evolution (LTE). The IP-based architecture of LTE will evolve towards
Evolved Packet Core (otherwise known as Systems Architecture Evolution, SAE).
3GPP standard defines inter-RAT mobility referring to mobility support between LTE and 3GPP technologies and
inter-technology mobility2 between LTE and non-3GPP technologies. Inter-technology mobility is the ability to support
movement of a device between differing radio access networks.
A basic form of inter-technology mobility can be achieved by a multi-access network enabled device through operator
controlled network selection or user controlled selection. In this case, the device or the user selects which access
network to use and initiates access to it. If the selected access network becomes unavailable, the device selects another
technology, initiate access to it and re-establish communications with the applications again. This basic form of
inter-technology mobility is marginally acceptable for some applications (e.g. email and web browsing) and common for
nomadic users that do not require a high level of QoS. Conversely, in session-based or transaction based applications
(e.g. financial transactions, VPN access, VoIP, video) it seriously degrades the user experience. The process of
re-authenticating onto the network and accessing applications can cause delays and disruption to services. Latency is
not permitted, since this would cause packet loss during the handover period or disrupt the call due to excessive jitter.
For example, a user could be watching video both which may stop during handover.
In order to maintain service continuity, a seamless handover is performed to certain radio performance parameters; delay
constraints in relation to service interruption and the service quality. A seamless handover be it intra or inter handover, is
required by strict QoS and can vary only within a minimal measure, so that changes are not noticeable to the user.
Seamless handover specifications are evolving and in draft development. Within the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) standardization, several protocol variants of Mobile IP (MIP) ranging from MIPv4/v6, PMIPv4/v6, FMIP to HMIP are
already addressing seamless mobility in some aspects at the network and IP level. Additionally, the execution of
seamless mobility together with offloading in consideration, can contribute to less congested networks. The applied
DS-MIPv4/v6 and MIP v4/v6 are commonly adopted in 3GPP architectures (such as iWLAN, ANDSF) in mobility
management and data offloading.
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1 Source : International Data Corporation (IDC) Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker (Jan 2011)
2 Note: Inter-technology mobility refers to both variants of inter-RAT mobility between LTE-3GPP and
inter-technology mobility between LTE-non 3GPP.
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5. Mobility Management, a Closer Look
The integration between 3GPP and non-3GPP access technologies into the EPC, brings new set of opportunities and
challenges relating to mobility support. The primary need for an IP-based system in cellular communications is driven by
the convergence between telecommunications and Internet in its aim to deliver the Internet and all its services to the
end-users. IP-based cellular system will result in easier and quicker development in integrating multiple access
technologies within a single common IP core architecture which contribute to reduced cost of development for operators
and freedom to choose any access technology without having to excessively overhaul the existing IP core or an IP core
overlay. IP mobility can be adopted to execute inter-mobility standards through various 3GPP specifications. The vehicles
of IP mobility include MIP, DS-MIP, PMIP support.
Mobility management comprise of mechanisms needed to allow wireless devices to move while staying connected to the
radio network, whether homogeneous or heterogeneous. In the simpler term, mobility management primarily deals with
addressing. Devices with multiple interfaces (e.g. UMTS , Wi-Fi, WiMAX etc.) are becoming commonly available and the
set of applications running in the mobile devices is diversifying with some applications run better over 3GPP access
networks (e.g. voice) while some applications run better over complementary - access networks (e.g. ftp transfer via
Wi-Fi). With transition to 4G mobile communication, it is inevitable for better control over radio resource management
(RRM) to complement mobility management methods. It is likely for 3G/4G systems will be characterized by inter-RAT,
IP-based architecture to permit the development of high performance handover. The goal of inter-technology mobility is
highly focused on support in:
• IP addressing in IPv4 and IPv6 flavors
• Network-based and host-based handovers
• Minimized IP core architecture and scalable overlay networks
• Minimized packet losses during handover
• Minimized packet delays
Through mobility management, the inter access network handover process can be further optimized while facilitating
effective offload strategies. Typically, horizontal handover coordinate between two homogeneous networks, handover
within the same network type, e.g. Wi-Fi to Wi-Fi. Vertical handover is the term that describes two heterogeneous
networks e.g. Wi-Fi to UMTS, LTE to UMTS. Handovers in cellular communications typically occurs over data link layer
(Layer 2). However, MIP is often used to allow mobility in the packet data domain i.e. IP layer. The support of seamless
mobility from one access point to another is fundamental in deployment of next generation wireless networks. The suite
of MIP protocol range from MIPv4/v6, DS-MIPv4/v6, FMIP, HMIP. Different flavor of MIP is used to suit differing business
needs and architectures as deemed fit.
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6. Coverage, Economics, and Differentiation toward Multi-Access Wireless Networking
Support for multiple network technologies
and the corresponding multimedia core
network functionality in a multi-access,
multi-service enviroment.
BTS
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eNodeB IMS
E-UTRAN
SGW PGW/ Operator’s IP
GGSN Service Domain
WiFi/Femto/
Untrusted
WiFi/Femto/
Network Other
ePDG
Figure 1: Migration to Converged 4G Networks
Source: Cisco
There are many reasons for operators wanting to effectively manage mobility to drive wireless service to new heights.
In the early stage of network build, geographic expansion is necessary. Subsequent to that, operators are seeking to
bundle services (e.g. voice, content, high-speed broadband) for broader coverage to leverage on Wi-Fi. Hence, some
form of marrying offload strategies come into play. In some markets, data demands are already outstripping the
operator’s revenue in excess of backhaul and core network bottlenecks. To ease the capacity constraints and economic
trade-offs, operators are turning to operator-owned Wi-Fi hotspots, metro Wi-Fi hotspots, Enterprise Wi-Fi hotspots and
home Wi-Fi hotspots to deliver content, broadband and applications. Whether it is 3G, Wi-Fi or LTE, a consistent
experience when accessing services, content and the internet is the end-user expectation for ubiquitous coverage
disregarding which access network they are using at a given time.
The benefits of inter-working architecture are clear; however operators need incentive to deploy a new technology with
promise of revenues outweighing the investment. Likewise, users should see tangible incentives to pay for greater
service commitment. Simply put, the end-user should see a significant improvement in their user experience. Given a
case in scenario, a user can access different services (multiple service flows) such as video call, p2p download and ftp
with different QoS concurrently. Based on the operator’s policies in relation to the application and access network, the
routing of IP flows should behave differently. The conversational video call will be routed via 3GPP access, while the delay
tolerant, best effort p2p download can be routed through non-3GPP access (e.g. Wi-Fi) in the presence of multiple
access networks.
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7. Upon the user leaving the non-3GPP connectivity due to movement of location (mobility), the IP service flow for p2p
download can be triggered to move onto 3GPP access in what is termed as IP flow mobility. (3GPP Release 10 specifies
IP flow mobility). When the user re-enters/enter a location where 3GPP and non-3GPP access is available, the p2p
download is moved back onto the non-3GPP access. All the while, the end-user need not suffer from discontinuity of
services and/or denial due to congestion without major impact in their pricing plans. In cases where users are willing to
pay for premium content, the service commitment is a thrust for operators to retain customers, build loyalty and win back
customers through enabling excellent user experience.
Operators would like to own both the cellular networks and IP networks, but most don’t. The approach in deploying
IP-based network architecture is dependent on the flexibility of existing infrastructure. In simple mathematical terms,
the practicality of deploying IP-based networks should maximize large range and high bandwidth, with minimum cost for
the inter-working. Mobile operators see a gap between bandwidth demand and capacity. The forthcoming LTE/EPC
architecture is anticipated to bring significant changes to the access and core networks that emphasize backward
compatibility. The key goal of flatter, distributed IP architecture is critical to accomplish the convergence and seamless
inter-working between heterogeneous wireless networks.
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8. Mobility Protocols and Standards
Mobile IPv4 was conceived by the IETF and specified in RFC3344 to allow a node within a communication network to
continue using its "permanent" home address (HoA) as it moves around the internet. The Mobile IP protocol support
transparency above the IP layer. Due to the practicality, technicality and business requirements, MIPv4 is less efficient
method of IP data delivery. Mobile IPv6 (RFC3775) introduces mobility support into IPv6. This enables nodes to maintain
connectivity while moving around between different access links. Mobile IPv6 makes it possible for nodes to use the
same IP address on different connections. Mobile IPv6 is well suited for vertical handover as it is a network layer mobility
management (Mobility between IP subnets) that makes it independent of any access technology (link layer).
When designing a handover concept for mobile communication network architecture, the split of mobility functionality
between IP layer and lower layers must be considered – cross layer handover IP based architectures (e.g., link-layer and
IP-layer) to ensure session continuity (make-before-break connection management model) when a subscriber moves
between networks that are roaming3 agreement specific.
From the operator’s perspective, IP mobility management can be statically configured through network-based controlled
handover definition. Dynamic IP mobility configuration can be provided through host-based mobility to devices which
lack upper layer mobility support, by setting up IP routes only to the mobile nodes that undergoes handover process.
This is intended to give sufficient control to the network to optimize the handover process.
When viewed from the end-user, mobility can be interpreted differently. In static mobility, there is zero movement,
whereby devices are connected through wired cable. Nomadic mobility is characterized by the access from point to
point. In case of continuous mobility, of which is already supported by various mobility protocol makes it possible to be
connected and access to network virtually everywhere (only limited by the boundaries of coverage). The 3GPP standards
accommodate the use of Mobile IP (MIP) in combination to support efficient inter-technology mobility. Two basic classes
of mobility protocols commonly practiced in 3GPP architectures include DS-MIPv6 and PMIPv6 which is intrinsically
good fit in the migration from IPv4 to IPv6.
Network-based Mobility
Network based mobility protocols; where mobility is network-based all the mobility signaling is performed between the
EPS network nodes, while the host-client (i.e. UE) is not involved. The advantage of network-based protocols is that
mobility services can be provided to UE that is not mobility aware. It also helps to reduce the amount of signaling and
data tunneling overhead on the radio interface. The downside is that the application of these protocols is limited to
localized mobility and may be hard to implement. One of the commonly used network-based mobility protocol in 3GPP
architecture is Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6).
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3 Note: Aspects of authentication, authorization and billing of the visiting subscriber,
in relevance to the roaming agreement is not discussed in this paper.
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9. PMIP
Proxy Mobile IP is the network controlled layer 3 mobility protocol that is intended at reducing handover latency. Proxy
Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is a network-based mobility management protocol standard that was ratified by the IETF. It uses
the same concept of MIPv6, but operates in the network layer. Proxy Mobile IPv6 tries to offer mobility to IPv6 hosts that
do not have Mobile IPv6 capability by extending Mobile IPv6 signaling and reusing the home agent (emulating the home
network) via a proxy mobility agent. With this approach it is not necessary for the mobile node to participate in the layer
3 mobility signaling.
PMIPv6 provides a solution for network-based mobility management that can avoid both tunneling overhead over the air
and changes in hosts. On the other hand, PMIP can suffer from high handover latency, if the local mobility anchor is far
from the mobility access gateway, thus PMIP is more effectively used in micro mobility management rather than vertical
handovers.
Host-based Mobility
Host-based mobility protocols; all the mobility signaling is initiated by the UE. These protocols provide additional features
than the network-based mobility protocols and can gracefully handle more complex mobility scenarios. As the signaling
and data tunneling are initiated by the UE, there is slight waste of radio resources. There are mechanisms that have been
designed to reduce, if not eliminate, the additional overhead brought on by host-based mobility protocols like header
compression techniques. A host-based mobility protocol commonly supported is Dual Stack Mobile IPv6 (DSMIPv6).
DSMIP
The motivation for Dual Stack MIP (DSMIP) is apparent in mobile networks, where IPv6 is not yet widely deployed. In
such circumstances, mobile nodes will least likely use IPv6 addressing for their connections when they move from IPv4
network to another IPv6 network. DSMIP is designed as access network agnostic, whereby the access network to
which a mobile node attaches to have no implications to the operation of the protocol. Case in point, between roaming
networks in an all-IP network, the TCP/IP layer-2 (data link layer) protocols like Wi-Fi and UMTS shall operate within the
context of an IP layer. The IP layer sits on top of all these access technologies, which means that the protocol that
supports mobility in the network is also assumed to be IP based. Unlike traditional link layer handovers (e.g., those in
cellular networks) vertical handovers take place in different layers according to the level of integration between the
different access technologies.
DSMIP provides a mechanism to use tunneling capability to forward both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic over the same MIP tunnel.
By means of MIP extensions, the mechanism allows IPv4 and IPv6 HoA (home address(s)) binding to an IPv4 CoA
(care-of-address) to continue established connections and maintain the connectivity.
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10. Greenpacket Smart Mobility
Ideally, a seamless mobility in the context of accomplishing mobile data offload solution should provide users with a
seamless experience while they use various applications on their devices. It should also make intelligent decisions about
keeping data flows on preferred networks (e.g. retain certain traffic such as VoIP, on 3G/LTE even when Wi-Fi is available).
In encouraging the adoption of mobile data offload, a mechanism to allow seamless handovers between various access
networks (3G, LTE and Wi-Fi) are necessary as such from client-based perspective. Within Greenpacket’s Intouch
Connection Management Platform (ICMP), is a comprehensive client-based solution that encompasses inter-working,
mobility and offloading, which is based on the principles of dynamic policy settings to the device, algorithms within the
device to detect alternative networks and ability to determine the best possible use of available network. Additionally, the
ICMP can be provisioned with preferred hotspots list, that is managed through the Hotspot Manager client to enable
operator to retain their subscribers to stay on the network, by giving the higher access priority to the preferred hotspots.
The ICMP fundamentally improves device and user management by single-client software that converge multiple
network access and executes data offloading transparently through operator defined rules and operator defined access
priorities. Incorporating customizable features and capabilities such as MIP, iWLAN, ANDSF, it further improves security,
mobility and user experience through optimized handovers typical in deployment of high growth real-time data services.
Therein, lies the strength of ICMP in effectively managing the data offloading mechanism. The ICMP is context aware with
built-in Intelligent Client that is capable of configuring connection policies that selects the best network to connect,
ensuring good service quality. The roaming in between networks is transparent to the user.
The framework of algorithms and techniques used for improving system selection based on operator preferences and
local UE conditions/actions consistently across devices is important. A 3GPP standards compliant client-based solution
gives more flexibility to operators and OEMs to define how radios and applications are managed in a multi-radio
environment and steer away from proprietary solutions.
An apparent strength of the ICMP is the ability to offer consistent service across heterogeneous wireless access
networks. By being standards compliant, it provides operators an evolutionary path to 4G inter-working. Operators
looking to data offload can have the assurance of a robust network and eliminate manual intervention on their
subscribers to connect and re-connect when moving between wireless networks. The benefit of backhaul capacity
optimization can be derived from network operational aspects, as well. From the measure of customer satisfaction,
optimized handovers results in fast handovers without causing a noticeable delay and jitter to ensure session continuity.
Access
Network
Discovery
ANDSF
Seamless Seamless
Data Offload Mobility
I-WLAN Mobile IP
Figure 2: Greenpacket ICMP
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11. Putting Mobility Management In Practice
Inter-technology mobility is described in the following scenario to depict service continuity. Using inter-technology
mobility, new services can be rolled out network-wide in a scalable manner, which targets the efficiency of high traffic
areas, by diminishing the effects of network congestion.
New Data Services Through LTE co-exist with UMTS
An operator with a legacy 3G network requires upgrading and evolving its network to LTE. The deployment of LTE will
be focused in areas of high traffic areas, to support a new suite of over the top applications to satisfy the demands of
subscribers. The operator is conscious in its ambition to cap market position in relation to market dynamics. Although
subscriber’s welcome the new mobile services, they quickly become disenchanted if the promise of service is
delivered poorly.
Realistically, operators need not delay their network upgrade to bring commercial LTE to service. Previously, the operator
would have to wait until the entire network has been upgraded and integrated fully before rolling out its HD video
streaming service. If the service is provided on the existing UMTS/HSPA, capacity restrictions would often make it
unavailable or perform unacceptably in the busiest parts of the network. The ICMP plays an important role in bringing
new services by its intelligent client that is capable of configuring connection policies that selects the best network to
connect, ensuring good service quality through ANDSF. With MIP support, the ICMP maintains service continuity when
switching between access networks seamlessly.
With inter-technology mobility the operator can roll out new services and begin generating revenue as soon as the
network hotspots are upgraded gradually to LTE and co-exist with UMTS. Subscribers can access the service
throughout the operator’s coverage area. In low usage areas, the limited capacity of UMTS/HSPA for video streaming is
enough to satisfy the performance of the service. In high usage areas, the enhanced bandwidth of LTE would allow a
much larger number of subscribers to access the service and/ or a higher quality video stream to be used. It is with
inter-technology mobility and inter-working through iWLAN, users of the service can move between these areas
seamlessly, without noticing the change in access technology and suffer from service disruption. Greenpacket’s ICMP
provides an end to end effective mobility management to operators to match the network resources they have with the
needs of their applications.
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12. Conclusion
Going forward, mobile operators will continue to evolve their networks to improve the user experience and service
opportunities. The promise of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification is capable of delivering 3-4 times the
capacity increase to networks. However, the additional bandwidth is more of a by-product of incremental spectrum. By
now, many operators realize the finite nature of spectrum. It’s clear that operators need more than LTE to resolve network
capacity in the immediate term. The adoption of alternative wireless technology to complement the existing network
dawns upon several combinations or independent Wi-Fi offloading schemes, inter-working 3GPP and non-3GPP
networks and inter-technology mobility to better manage their resources. As a result, operators are looking for the best
mix of solutions to deliver an optimum user experience and an efficient network.
In 3GPP Release 10 and beyond, there are on-going study and development for better methods to identify frameworks
for finer granularity in aggregation of simultaneous network connections with context awareness. Some considerations
of smart mobility to optimize network resources should address aspects like:
• Fewer network elements towards an all IP based architecture.
• Better routing capabilities to address growing wireless traffic; localized traffic routing to avoid overload on
service provider’s wireless core network elements.
• Dynamic mobility concept, whereby mobile node should be served by the nearest localized mobility
management function and simplified network to lower the cost of connection.
• Transport layer/application layer transparency
Inter-mobility enhancements in MIP technology to recognize different traffic flows can help shape and manage
bandwidth. Notably the desired feature should ideally permit individual IP flows to the same PDN connection to be
routed over different access based on network policy; for example, best-effort traffic may be routed over WLAN while
QoS-sensitive traffic such as voice telephony may be routed only over the 3GPP network with extension of context
awareness. Such features can be characterized at the UE with the ability to move a flow between 3GPP and non-3GPP
(e.g. WLAN/Wi-Fi). This can be done through session intelligence through service flow control, and intelligent traffic
control to dynamically monitor and control sessions on a per-subscriber/per-flow basis as envisioned in next generation
mobility to bring visibility to pricing models. From a commercial perspective, it will bring new promise of offloading
strategies through bundling of data plans onto Wi-Fi/femtocell offload without compromising on the operator’s revenue.
Most operators already operate a substantial amount of Wi-Fi hotpots and services that extend onto roaming
elsewhere. By complementing multiple access network inter-working (e.g. LTE/UMTS/HSPA/Wi-Fi) with mobility and
offloading, operators can derive more revenues and delay immediate CAPEX investment of LTE, going into next
generation networks.
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13. Manage Your Moves, in Every Network Seamlessly
As a result of new mobile technologies, people are taking their work and connectivity everywhere. We understand the
mobility, security and financial challenges you face. Our solutions empower mobility to your network while simplifying
mobility management and controlling costs.
Free Consultation
If you would like a free consultation on how you can manage your mobility needs, and improved network performance,
feel free to contact us at marketing.gp@greenpacket.com (kindly quote the reference code SWP0811 when you
contact us).
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