Bringing Private LTE to Electric Utilities and Co opsAmadoRoyola1
PCS Tech and Blinq Networks discuss the opportunities and challenges of Private LTE, as well as a recent case study about deploying a fixed wireless network for a utility co-op in Kansas in record time during the pandemic.
Emerging Radio Technologies that are mmWave communications, Massive MIMO, Novel Waveforms and Multiple Access techniques etc. will provide ultra-high data rate traffic per user. However, only new Radio techniques implemented in lower layers of legacy networks could not guarantee the all 5G requirements, consequently the new network architecture along with new Radio technologies will emerge to fulfill all 5G requirements.
This is the second part of my 5G project which consists of the architecture structure of 5G. What all it consists of, what all technologies it uses, what all layers it contain etc.
We are looking at the future of technology that has the structure of Nanocore, beneficial for future applications.
Bringing Private LTE to Electric Utilities and Co opsAmadoRoyola1
PCS Tech and Blinq Networks discuss the opportunities and challenges of Private LTE, as well as a recent case study about deploying a fixed wireless network for a utility co-op in Kansas in record time during the pandemic.
Emerging Radio Technologies that are mmWave communications, Massive MIMO, Novel Waveforms and Multiple Access techniques etc. will provide ultra-high data rate traffic per user. However, only new Radio techniques implemented in lower layers of legacy networks could not guarantee the all 5G requirements, consequently the new network architecture along with new Radio technologies will emerge to fulfill all 5G requirements.
This is the second part of my 5G project which consists of the architecture structure of 5G. What all it consists of, what all technologies it uses, what all layers it contain etc.
We are looking at the future of technology that has the structure of Nanocore, beneficial for future applications.
NGN is a packet-based network able to provide Telecommunication Services to users and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent of the underlying transport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.
A presentation made at A 2-day Annual Symposium, organized by Electrical/Electronic Engineering Department, FUTO, at School of Engineering and Engineering Technology (SEET) Complex Auditorium, FUTO, Imo State. (August 18, 2016)
Green Future Networks: Network Energy EfficiencyIPLOOK Networks
Focusing on improving the network energy efficiency to lower the energy consumption of mobile network, the white paper comprehensively analyzes the energy-saving solutions for 5G mobile network.
The release of Green Future Networks not only indicates a direction towards the green development of global mobile network, but also enlarges the global influence of China 's telecom industry.
Learn more:
https://www.iplook.com/info/green-future-networks-network-energy-efficiency-was-officially-released-on-ngmn-i00110i1.html
D2D communication for spectral efficiency improvement and interference reduct...journalBEEI
Device-to-device (D2D) communication system plays an extremely important role in fulfilling the demands of fourth generation (4G) and fifth generation (5G) technologies. 4G technology cannot meet high data demands. The D2D communication system is believed to provide major improvements in resource usage, energy efficiency, and overall throughput, which are the main demands for the 5G network. Some of the main issues in the D2D communication system involve spectrum efficiency and interference. Although many studies have been conducted on spectrum efficiency improvement and interference reduction, the issues still remain. A study should be conducted to obtain a better understanding of the D2D communication system and to develop a D2D scheme with efficient spectrum utilization and interference reduction. Many survey papers have been published on these issues, but the fundamental concepts behind the D2D communication system require investigation. In this study, we investigated and analyzed the fundamental concepts behind the D2D communication system to develop an efficient D2D resource allocation scheme with reduced interference.
Consideration of fixed mobile convergence in 5GITU
This presentation will introduce IMT-2020 fixed mobile convergence (FMC) scenarios and requirements, such as service continuity among different access networks in a 5G environment. Based on the requirements, a FMC solution, Unified Network Integrating Cloud (UNIC), will also be introduced, including the high level architecture and some key technologies, such as unified access control for both fixed and mobile, edge computing for user plane, converged subscriber database, Telecom Integrated Cloud (TIC), etc.
Author : Yachen Wang, China Mobile
Presented at ITU-T Focus Group IMT-2020 Workshop and Demo Day, 7 December 2016.
More details on the event : http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/201612/Pages/Programme.aspx
Infographic | How It Works: Community Wireless BroadbandInsight
Insight is helping public sector organizations narrow the digital divide with custom-built community wireless broadband implementations. View the infographic to learn how outdoor Wi-Fi not only meets critical education, health and work needs, but also creates a smart foundation for a successful community future.
Andrew J Haire, Deputy Director General (Telecoms and Post) of the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore discusses the prospect of deploying and regulating a major new communications network inititiative in Singapore
This presentation outlines the synergistic nature of 5G and AI -- two disruptive areas of innovations that can change the world. It illustrates the benefits of adopting AI for the advancements of 5G, as well as showcases the latest progress made by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
NGN is a packet-based network able to provide Telecommunication Services to users and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent of the underlying transport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.
A presentation made at A 2-day Annual Symposium, organized by Electrical/Electronic Engineering Department, FUTO, at School of Engineering and Engineering Technology (SEET) Complex Auditorium, FUTO, Imo State. (August 18, 2016)
Green Future Networks: Network Energy EfficiencyIPLOOK Networks
Focusing on improving the network energy efficiency to lower the energy consumption of mobile network, the white paper comprehensively analyzes the energy-saving solutions for 5G mobile network.
The release of Green Future Networks not only indicates a direction towards the green development of global mobile network, but also enlarges the global influence of China 's telecom industry.
Learn more:
https://www.iplook.com/info/green-future-networks-network-energy-efficiency-was-officially-released-on-ngmn-i00110i1.html
D2D communication for spectral efficiency improvement and interference reduct...journalBEEI
Device-to-device (D2D) communication system plays an extremely important role in fulfilling the demands of fourth generation (4G) and fifth generation (5G) technologies. 4G technology cannot meet high data demands. The D2D communication system is believed to provide major improvements in resource usage, energy efficiency, and overall throughput, which are the main demands for the 5G network. Some of the main issues in the D2D communication system involve spectrum efficiency and interference. Although many studies have been conducted on spectrum efficiency improvement and interference reduction, the issues still remain. A study should be conducted to obtain a better understanding of the D2D communication system and to develop a D2D scheme with efficient spectrum utilization and interference reduction. Many survey papers have been published on these issues, but the fundamental concepts behind the D2D communication system require investigation. In this study, we investigated and analyzed the fundamental concepts behind the D2D communication system to develop an efficient D2D resource allocation scheme with reduced interference.
Consideration of fixed mobile convergence in 5GITU
This presentation will introduce IMT-2020 fixed mobile convergence (FMC) scenarios and requirements, such as service continuity among different access networks in a 5G environment. Based on the requirements, a FMC solution, Unified Network Integrating Cloud (UNIC), will also be introduced, including the high level architecture and some key technologies, such as unified access control for both fixed and mobile, edge computing for user plane, converged subscriber database, Telecom Integrated Cloud (TIC), etc.
Author : Yachen Wang, China Mobile
Presented at ITU-T Focus Group IMT-2020 Workshop and Demo Day, 7 December 2016.
More details on the event : http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/201612/Pages/Programme.aspx
Infographic | How It Works: Community Wireless BroadbandInsight
Insight is helping public sector organizations narrow the digital divide with custom-built community wireless broadband implementations. View the infographic to learn how outdoor Wi-Fi not only meets critical education, health and work needs, but also creates a smart foundation for a successful community future.
Andrew J Haire, Deputy Director General (Telecoms and Post) of the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore discusses the prospect of deploying and regulating a major new communications network inititiative in Singapore
This presentation outlines the synergistic nature of 5G and AI -- two disruptive areas of innovations that can change the world. It illustrates the benefits of adopting AI for the advancements of 5G, as well as showcases the latest progress made by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
This paper provides a high-level comparison
between LTE and WiMAX. The focus is on two primary areas: System Architecture and Physical Layer. The System Architecture describes the different functional elements in LTE and WiMAX and attempts to map similar functionality (such as mobility, security, access-gateway). We also compare and contrast the various aspects (such as transmission modes, duplexing types) of the physical layer.
Web site owners use the /robots.txt file to give instructions about their site to web robots; this is called The Robots Exclusion Protocol.
It works likes this: a robot wants to vists a Web site URL, say http://www.example.com/welcome.html. Before it does so, it firsts checks for http://www.example.com/robots.txt, and finds:
User-agent: *
Disallow: /
Existing mobile networks use 3G/UMTS technology, which is now almost 10 years old and struggling to cope with the needs of today's data hungry users. 4G/LTE (Fourth Generation / Long Term Evolution) is the next stage in mobile network development and will provide users with much faster data speeds than 3G is able to. 4G is a blanket term for this generation of mobile networks, WiMAX, LTE & TD-LTE.
VoLGA: Voice over LTE Via Generic Access
By: Kineto Wireless, Inc.
Why mobile operators are
looking to the 3GPP GAN standard
to deliver core telephony and SMS
services over LTE
Discussing the digital transformation of every part of the network with nfv s...Alberto Boaventura
Discusses on the scenarios of telecommunication transformation through technology and services waves: Internet; Mobile Internet; Internet of Things and Tactile Internet; and the challenges of operators in the network transformation(from physical to virtualized ) and business (from CSP to DSP). It also addresses technological evolution challenges of 4.5G and 5G networks, such as infrastructure, radio spectrum requirements etc. Finally, it presents the advances of Oi in the sense of evolution of its network.
5 g latin america april 2019 network densification requirements v1.0Alberto Boaventura
Brings the discussion about the challenges about how network densificiation addresses 5G high density traffic and related challegens. Discusses about: interefence mitigation; synchronism and latency management; high capilarity optical transport challenges; network optimization challenges and AI bennefits; importance of public policy and others.
Interested or exploring GPON technology? This document will help you to gain an understanding of the technology and discover why this maturing, disruptive technology is part of the future of your campus network. Discover the Difference, Discover GPON today.
http://www.ericsson.com
Each decade since mobile communication was introduced in the 1980s, has brought with it a new generation of systems and technologies. The next evolution, 5G radio access, is set for commercialization around 2020, and will deliver 5G services in an environment that is shaping up to be a significant challenge.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and Grafana
LTE: The Vision Beyond 3G
1. White Paper
Long-Term Evolution (LTE): The vision beyond 3G
Mobile networks have enabled dramatic explosion in demand for connectivity LTE encompasses the pillars of next-
advances and changes in telecommuni- from a new generation of consumer generation networks:
cations over the last two decades, and devices tailored to those new mobile > Broadband wireless as the new access
mobile operators have grown to domi- applications. Competing technologies are reality — High-throughput, low-
nate the industry, offering their sub- already emerging to address the growing latency mobile access based on
scribers a service set as rich as their nomadic wireless broadband market space OFDM/MIMO, efficiently delivering
wireline competitors (i.e. mostly voice), and challenging the status quo. However, unicast, multicast and broadcast
plus mobility. However, with the broad- mobile operators, thanks to their incum- media.
band market success in cable, xDSL and bent position, have a unique opportunity > Convergence of technology and
Wi-Fi, the competitive landscape is to evolve their infrastructures to next- networks — A single applications
changing. generation wireless networks and capi- domain serving customers across
talize on this great opportunity to further multiple networks and devices.
Although 3G technologies deliver signif-
grow their dominant market share. Their > Intelligence at the services edge —
icantly higher bit rates than 2G tech-
decision on which technology and when Implementing policy enforcement
nologies and contribute to ARPU growth
to evolve to the higher performing next- and decisions at the network edge,
for wireless data services, there is still
generation networks will underpin their in an access-agnostic but access-aware
more opportunity for wireless operators framework.
market success.
to capitalize on the ever-increasing
demand for “wireless broadband”, even
lower latency and multi-megabit
throughput. Consequently, there is an
expanding revenue opportunity from a
growing pool of underserved consumers
that can only be satisfied with next-
generation networks. The solution is
“LTE” (3GPP Long Term Evolution),
the next-generation network beyond 3G.
In addition to enabling fixed to mobile
migrations of Internet applications such
as Voice over IP (VoIP), video streaming,
music downloading, mobile TV and
many others, LTE networks will also
provide the capacity to support an
2. Mulitmedia services/interworking Application servers
Converged
SIP Non-IMS services
services
HSS
CSCF
Access systems
PSTN
CDMA Edge Services
GSM/UMTS Aggregation
LTE
Optical IP/MPLS core
Internet
Broadband
Edge services IPI
nodes
WiFi, WiMAX Other NGN
Multiple, fast Service enablers
access systems QoS, mobility, charging, security
> Technology shift to all-IP — Specific technical requirements include: > Improved quality of experience
Simplifying and streamlining the > Low latency and high throughput (QoE) — One of the benefits
network, improving scalability and LTE/SAE will bring is a reduction in
> Efficient always-on operation, with
deployment flexibility, and enabling latency time, which will enhance the
instantaneous access to network
consistent access-aware policy behavior of time-sensitive applications,
resources
enforcement and billing. such as VoIP, thus improving the user
> Support for real-time and experience. For example, the latency
> Embedded security — A multi-layer,
non-real-time applications time, expressed as the time for a 32-
multi-vendor approach to security is
critical to ensure that security is > Flexible spectrum allocations byte Ping, is expected to reach 20 ms
endemic to the network and not just > Re-use of existing cell site (compared with 120 ms for a typical
focused on point solutions. infrastructure 3G network).
> High spectrum efficiency for unicast, Two key enabling technologies will help
These key concepts also lead to a target
multicast and broadcast data the industry meet and exceed the LTE
architecture characterized by a flat all-IP
based multi-access core network, In addition to the requirements above, performance objectives:
referred to as System Architecture there is a set of minimum performance > Orthogonal Frequency Division
Evolution (SAE). requirements defined by the 3GPP Multiplexing (OFDM) is intrinsically
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) studies. able to handle the most common
Evolved wireless access: LTE These objectives include: radio frequency (RF) distortions
without the need for complex equal-
The challenge for next-generation wire- > Increased spectral efficiency and
ization techniques, and scales easily to
less networks is to provide wireless capacity — LTE is expected to deliver
fit different bandwidth requirements.
broadband at a cost and performance three to five times greater capacity
than the most advanced current 3G > Multiple Input/Multiple Output
better than that achievable with DSL
networks. (MIMO) increases peak throughput
technologies, while maintaining seam-
by transmitting and receiving multiple
less mobility, service control and maxi- > Lower cost per bit — Increased
streams of information within the
mizing network capacity with limited spectral efficiency combined with
same spectrum. MIMO exploits the
spectrum resources. the operational benefits of an all-IP
multi-path effects typical in wireless
network will reduce the cost per bit
environments.
compared to 3G solutions.
2
3. The combined use of OFDM and deployed to extend the coverage of the customers worldwide. Nortel continues
MIMO will improve the spectral effi- cell. MIMO processing also exploits to leverage its OFDM-MIMO invest-
ciency and capacity of the wireless spatial multiplexing, allowing different ment and experience across 3GPP LTE,
network, and will prove to be a very data streams to be transmitted simulta- 3GPP2 UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband
valuable asset in maximizing usage of neously from the different transmit - EVDO Rev C) and WiMAX to
scarce spectrum typically controlled by antennas, to increase the end-user data achieve maximum synergies across these
regulatory bodies. rate and cell capacity. In addition, when advanced wireless network product lines.
knowledge of the radio channel is avail-
OFDM is already an extremely Other key enabling technologies which
able at the transmitter (e.g. via feedback
successful access technology currently Nortel is actively researching include
information from the receiver), MIMO
deployed in a number of wireless and metamaterial antennas, cell-site cable
can also implement beam-forming to
wireline applications. These applications reduction and high-efficiency linear
further increase available data rates and
include broadcast (Digital Audio power amplifier technologies, which will
spectrum efficiency.
Broadcast or DAB, and Digital Video all contribute to lowering the total cost of
Broadcast or DVB), wireless WLAN Nortel has shown that OFDM-MIMO ownership benefiting from the OFDM-
(IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11g), with beam-forming — or Spatial MIMO based LTE deployments.
WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) and wireline Division Multiple Access (SDMA) —
Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Loop can provide a higher order of magnitude Simplified architecture: SAE
(ADSL/ADSL2+). OFDM is widely capacity on the downlink than current To meet the technical and performance
accepted as the basis for the air-interface 3G deployments. Nortel has also shown requirements noted previously requires
necessary to meet the requirements for how multiple antennas could be a reduction in the number of network
next-generation mobile networks. deployed on the user equipment, an nodes involved in data processing and
especially challenging requirement with transport. A flatter network architecture
MIMO employs multiple transmit and
severe space constraints. leads to improved data latency (the
receive antennas to substantially
transmission delay between the trans-
enhance the air interface. It uses space- Nortel has been investing in OFDM
mitter sending data and the receiver
time coding of the same data stream and MIMO since 1998 in anticipation
receiving it) and better support of delay-
mapped onto multiple transmit of their adoption in mobility networks.
sensitive, interactive and real-time
antennas, which is an improvement over Since then, the company has demon-
communications.
traditional reception diversity schemes strated OFDM-MIMO commercial
where only a single transmit antenna is benefits and feasibility to more than 100
OFDM-MIMO
eNodeB
AGW
Intranets
IP
eNodeB Internet
IMS
AGW PSTN
eNodeB
eNodeB
3
4. A typical LTE/SAE network will have Convergence and Content-based charging, operator policy
two types of network elements services edge control, QoS and roaming support are
supporting the user and control planes. Key requirements focus on user quality important concepts in order to sustain
of experience, service innovation and the value of key strategic assets (e.g.
> The first is the new enhanced base
station, so called “Evolved NodeB network simplification and evolution. spectrum licenses, cell site infrastruc-
(eNodeB)” per 3GPP standards. This Specifically, these include: ture, brand) over the long term, and
enhanced BTS provides the LTE air under roaming scenarios. They also
> Service-oriented architecture contribute to improving end-user
interface and performs radio resource
supporting diverse service classes quality of experience.
management for the evolved access
system. > Content-based charging
> The second is the new Access > Operator policy control of services All-IP flat networks
GateWay (AGW). The AGW provides and networks Using IP networking as the foundation
termination of the LTE bearer. It also > End-to-end QoS for service delivery provides maximum
acts as a mobility anchor point for the flexibility, decouples the user and
> Service and network roaming support
user plane. It implements key logical control planes to simplify the network
functions including MME (Mobility > Technology co-existence
and improve scalability, and allows the
Management Entity) for the Control > Open interfaces wealth of existing IETF standards to be
Plane and SAE PDN GW (System > Scalable, evolvable network elements leveraged. Specific requirements include:
Architecture Evolution Packet Data
Network GateWay) for the User > Optimal routing of traffic
Adoption of a Service-oriented
Plane. These functions may be split Architecture (SoA) is desirable in order > IP-based transport
into separate physical nodes, to reduce the time spent from service > Seamless mobility (intra- and inter-
depending on the vendor-specific creation (or development), to deploy- Radio Access Technologies)
implementation. ment, to execution, and therefore > Simplification of the network
Comparing the functional breakdown improve service innovation. SoA facili-
with existing 3G architecture: tates cost-effectiveness and acceleration
of the time to move from conception
> Radio Network elements functions,
to execution.
such as Radio Network Controller
(RNC), are distributed between the
AGW and the enhanced BTS
(eNodeB).
> Core Network elements functions,
such as SGSN and GGSN or PDSN
(Packet Data Serving Node) and
routers are distributed mostly
towards the AGW.
Standards are expected to be 100%
finalized by end of 2008.
4
5. Security
The security challenge with IP networks
is one of the most significant factors
that slows down the further adoption of
network technologies. Operators and
enterprises recognize the clear produc-
tivity improvements and cost savings of
converging their communication tech-
nologies on a single infrastructure and
enabling universal connectivity for users.
However, they are hesitant to adopt
technologies that may compromise their
publicly promoted the advantages of Nortel will be conducting LTE trials
privacy, put their business at risk and
OFDM-MIMO to 3GPP operators, with customers during 2008 and 2009,
potentially cause significant financial loss.
which accelerated its introduction into and is on track for delivery of commer-
An end-to-end system approach to the 3GPP LTE standards. cial systems by end of 2009, in line with
security is required in next-generation the availability of initial commercial
In 2006, Nortel delivered an OFDM-
wireless networks, including: devices.
MIMO prototype solution based on the
> Platform hardening Collaborative MIMO technology and Nortel’s strategy includes early co-
> User/operator authentication, achieved a connection speed in the development partnerships with mobile
authorization and auditing uplink that was 15 times faster than chipset vendors and accelerated interop-
> Secure protocols, communication today’s fastest mobile connectivity. erability testing with device manufac-
and data storage Nortel’s original OFDM-MIMO labora- turers. This will ensure the availability
> Software and configuration integrity tory prototype, demonstrated in 2004, of a complete LTE ecosystem in align-
delivered 37 Mbps in the downlink in ment with Nortel’s network solution.
> Secure network management, control
the same bandwidth. In addition, Nortel places an emphasis
and signalling
on technology leadership and simplicity
> End-point compliance At 3GSM World Congress and CTIA in
in its LTE solution to achieve the lowest
2007, Nortel publicly demonstrated a
> Network perimeter protection and total cost of ownership for operators.
interior protection pre-standards LTE air interface supporting
video streaming and file transfers to Nortel has also made significant invest-
> Unsolicited traffic protection
multiple devices. ments in autonomous network manage-
ment systems based on Self Organizing
Nortel is leading in More recently, at Mobile World Congress
Networks, Touchless Installation and
OFDM-MIMO and CTIA 2008, Nortel was again
Autonomous RF Optimization to vastly
Nortel is engaged in numerous activities demonstrating a LIVE air LTE system,
simplify the way LTE networks will be
directed towards realization of next- with embedded advanced radio func-
deployed and managed.
generation wireless networks. tionalities to cope with the varying radio
Specifically: conditions, and showing examples of Nortel is a technology leader with a
the hyperconnected lifestyle with multiple clear vision, a proven innovation track
> Driving relevant initiatives across stan-
dards bodies: 3GPP, 3GPP2, 802.16e devices running advanced multimedia record, and a commitment to best-in-
applications like High Definition video class solutions. Nortel is in a unique
> Partnerships for ecosystem
streaming, Microsoft Unified Communi- position to provide a balanced vision
development
cations, Social Networking applications on the technological landscape and its
> Terminal certification and Video Collaboration to name a few. evolution, leveraging its experience and
> Open interfaces Nortel also announced in April 2008 leadership in major wireless technolo-
that LTE calls at high vehicular speeds gies, as well as in the optical, IP, MPLS
Nortel views OFDM and MIMO as
had been made, achieving download and VoIP markets.
the fundamental building blocks for all
speeds over 50 Mbps at 110 Kmph,
future advanced wireless technologies.
during customer visits to its centre of
At 3G World Congress in 2005, Nortel
excellence in Ottawa. 5