Abrasive jet machining (AJM) is a precision cutting process that utilizes a high-velocity stream of water or gas mixed with abrasives to remove material. Key components of AJM systems include pumps, nozzles, mixing tubes, and motion control systems, which together allow for precise, controlled cutting of a wide range of materials. The technique is effective for achieving high tolerances and features such as quick setup, low capital costs, and environmentally friendly operation, although challenges like abrasives not being reusable and tapering can arise.

2. It is the material removal process where the
material is removed by high velocity stream of
air/gas or water and abrasive mixture .
An abrasive is small, hard particle having
sharp edges and an irregular shape .
High velocity jet is aimed at a surface under
controller condition .

3. Abrasive delivery system
Control system
Pump
Nozzle
Mixing tube
Motion system

4. Auto abrasive delivery system has the
capability of storing abrasive & delivery
the abrasive to the bucket . It’s works
auto programming system by help of
once measuring record & no adjustment
or fine tuning system . High sensitive
sensor gives extremely reliable &
repeatable .

5. The control algorithm that computes
exactly how the feed rate should vary for
a given geometry in a given material to
make a precise part .
The algorithm actually
determines desired variation
in the feed rate & the tool
path to provide an extremely
smooth feed rate .

6. Crankshaft & intensifier pump are mainly
use in the abrasive jet machine .
The intensifier pump was the
only pump capable of reliably
creating pressures high .
Crankshaft pumps are more
efficient than intensifier pumps
because they do not require a power
robbing
hydraulic system ultra high pressure &
more stroke per minute .

7. All abrasive jet systems use the same basic
two stage nozzle . First , water passes
through a small diameter jewel orifice to
form a narrow jet .
The abrasive particles are accelerated by
the moving stream of water & they pass
into a long hollow cylindrical
ceramic mixing tube.
Generally two type of nozzle
use , right angle head &
straight head .

9. The mixing tube is where the abrasive
mixes with the high pressure water .
The mixing tube should be
replaced when tolerances
drop below acceptable levels .
For maximum accuracy ,
replace the mixing tube
more frequently .

10. In order to make precision parts , an
abrasive
jet system must have a precision x-y table
and
motion control system .
Tables fall into three general categories .
 Floor-mounted gantry systems
 Integrated table/gantry systems
 Floor-mounted cantilever systems

11. High pressure water starts at the pump ,
and is delivered through special high
pressure plumbing to the nozzle .
At the nozzle , abrasive is introduced & as
the abrasive/water mixture exits , cutting is
performed .
Once the jet has exited the nozzle , the
energy is dissipated into the catch tank ,
which is usually full of water & debris
from previous cut .

13. There are main features of AJM
 Obtainable tolerances
 Material to machine
 Material thickness
 Accuracy of table
 Stability of table
 Control abrasive jet

14.  Around curves
 Inside corner
 Feed rate
 Acceleration
 Nozzle focus
 Speed cutting
 Pump pressure
 Hardness & thickness
 Software controlling the motion
 Power at the nozzle

15. Different types of abrasive are used in
abrasive jet machining like garnet ,
aluminum oxide , olivine , silica sand , silicon
carbide ,etc .
Virtually any material can be cut by using
abrasive jet machining method , i.e harder
materials like titanium to steel.
Abrasive particles must be hard ,high
toughness,
irregular in shape & edges should be sharp
.

16.  Extremely fast setup & programming
 No start hole required
 There is only one tool
 Low capital cost
 Less vibration
 No heat generated in work piece
 Environmentally friendly

17.  Low metal removal rate
 Due to stay cutting accuracy is affected
 Abrasive powder cannot be reused
 Tapper is also a problem

18. The better performance , and the
applications represented above statements
confirm that
ABRASIVE JET MACHINING is continue
to expand .
The new software’s used to minimize time
and investments , there by making it
possible for more manufacturers of
precision parts to install AJM centers .