In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
importance of fibre finess,influences of fibre finess ,effect on stiffness , effect on torsional rigidity, reflection of light , dye absoprtion, method of measurement ,gravimetric method, micronaire
Pile fabrics: Manufacturing methods include woven pile fabric formation & others methods such as knit pile fabric, tufted pile fabrics etc. A "Terry" or a "Terry Towel" as is generally known is a woven pile fabric formed by slack tension weave process. of weaving.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
importance of fibre finess,influences of fibre finess ,effect on stiffness , effect on torsional rigidity, reflection of light , dye absoprtion, method of measurement ,gravimetric method, micronaire
Pile fabrics: Manufacturing methods include woven pile fabric formation & others methods such as knit pile fabric, tufted pile fabrics etc. A "Terry" or a "Terry Towel" as is generally known is a woven pile fabric formed by slack tension weave process. of weaving.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
Effect of Stitch Length on Different Properties of Plain Single Jersey FabricIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The works reported in this paper present the effects of stitch length on different properties of plain single jersey fabric. Fabric properties can be changed due to use of various counts of yarn, type (ring, rotor, and compact), quality, stitch length, structural geometry, fiber composition, etc. With an increase in stitch length, the properties like Courses Per Inch (CPI), Wales Per Inch (WPI), GSM and stitch density will be decreased when the remaining other parameters are constant. Again shrinkage and spirality will be increased and bursting strength decreased with the increased stitch length. Pilling and abrasion resistance show lower grading when stitch length increases.
Effect of machine parameters on knit fabric specificationstawfik_hussein
Effect of Machine Parameters on Knit Fabric Specifications
Cotton knit fabrics of yarn count 16Ne, 20Ne, 26Ne, 30Ne, 40Ne and 120-200 GSM for plain, 165-280 GSM for rib, 205-250 GSM for interlock were investigated with different machine parameters. The investigation developed a way so that it can be visualized or can forecast the resulting fabric specification with required configuration. The research emphasized on the adjustable points on which fabric GSM, stitch length, fabric width, and compactness directly or indirectly depends. It can be approached that the yarn count increases with the machine gauge. At different ranges of GSM the variation of the finished fabric diameter with the machine diameter is different. From a constant, VDQ number can be obtained for a particular stitch length and fabric design. Key Words: GSM, Stitch length, Yarn count, Fabric Width, Machine gauge, Needle.
EFFECT OF TM AND LOOP LENGTH ON DRAPE CO-EFFICIENT OF SINGLE JERSEY KNITTED F...IAEME Publication
These are the days twist plays vital role in the hosiery yarn. The end applications of the knitted fabric are mainly depend upon the TM of Yarn. In this Research work cotton yarn and polyester cotton Blended (65%+35+) yarn used spun with same count of 30 Ne produced on Ring and compact spinning machines. Three TM levees are selected 3.32, 3.66, 3.94, to produce yarn on both spinning system. Three different loop lengths like, 0.27, 0.30 and 0.33 are selected produce single jersey plain knitted fabrics. Gamut of properties are studied with respect to geometrical and drape co-efficient of fabrics. The samples are washed for five cycles.
Effect of stitch length on physical and mechanical properties of single jerse...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
The physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabric can be changed due to use of various count of yarn, type of yarn
(ring, rotor, and compact), quality of yarn, stitch length / loop length, structural geometry, fiber composition of yarn etc. This study
focused on the various stitch length effect of grey single jersey. With an increase in stitch length, the dimensional properties like CPI,
WPI, GSM, thickness & tightness factor will be decreased for all the structures; while comfort properties like air permeability & water
absorbency will be increased. Again shrinkage & spirality will be decreased with increased stitch length at grey stage. Other properties
such as bursting strength, abrasion resistance & pilling resistance improved with increased stitch length. Though all the tests for fabric
properties were carried out for grey stage, there properties can considerably vary after further finishing of the fabrics. As finishing is
mandatory for fabric production, so now-a-days, these kinds of tests are carried out after finishing stage & proper controlling is done
according to desired quality. Sometimes, controlling of some properties of finished fabrics are beyond our trial. In that case, analysis of
fabric properties at grey stage can help us to take various control & corrective actions when necessary.
Weft knitting machine & parameters of weft knitted fabricAzmir Latif Beg
Knitting is the interloping of yarn which is interlocking in various ways to form fabric. Knitting is the process of manufacturing fabric by transforming continuous strands of yarn into a series of interlocking loops, each row of such loops hanging from the one immediately preceding it. The basic element of knit fabric structure is the loop intermeshed with the loop adjacent to it on both sides and above and below it.
Comparison of some of Denim Fabric Properties produced with different Weftijsrd.com
The aim of this study was to asses and compares the some of denim fabric properties using three different weft yarns. Threads per inch and weft type are some of the most important parameters that affect both weaving performance and fabric property. Experimental studies were conducted by weaving fabrics with same warp yarn i.e. 9'OE Rotor yarn. Three different weft yarns are (1) Excel (2) Cotton (3) Polyester. These all are same count. Denim fabrics was woven in three different twill weave (1) 2/1 (2) 3/1 (3) 2/2. It was found the weave type and weft type affects fabric properties. The weave and weft yarn has great impact on the some of comfort related properties also i.e. air permeability, tensile strength, tear strength, and seam slippage, bursting strength.
This paper deals with the result of an investigation by using different count yarn but same
parameters of knitting machine to produce cotton-elastane single jersey fabric. Here,the all parameters of
knitting machine including gauge, dia ,Stitch length, rpm, machine tension etcare same. Dyeing process also
carried out at same parameter for all fabrics. Finishing process like Heat setting, Stentering, compacting are
done in same condition But we use different count cotton yarn. In this paper, we mainly deal with the physical
properties of single jersey cotton fabric. we try to identify how the properties of single jersey knitted fabric like
fabric diameter(gray& finished condition) ,WPI&CPI(gray& finished condition),Fabric GSM(gray& finished
condition),Shrinkage (%) length &width wise, spiralityare changing with Count .Finally the findings are as
expected with some variation with the result that are thought theoretically.
Investigation on the Changes of Areal Density of Knit Fabric with Stitch Leng...iosrjce
Stitch length and GSM (gram per square meter) are the two major parameters for making a knit
fabric. The relationship between stitch length (S.L) and GSM is inversely proportional if the other parameter
remain constant. Again the presence of tuck loop in knit fabric structure make the fabric heavier than the plain
single jersey fabric having all knit loop because of the accumulation of yarn in the tucking place. In this study,
an experimental work was offered to understand the influence of different stitch length on the GSM of knit fabric
with respect to the change of tuck loop percentage in the knit fabric structure. Here three fabric (single jersey,
single lacoste and polo pique) having different tuck loops percentage with five different stitch lengths were
selected where the other parameters were constant. With the increment of tuck loop percentage and descending
of stitch length, a measurable increase in areal density was observed, where the GSM increment percentage was
maximum at 2.70 mm stitch length for every tuck loop percentage. After that the gradual reduction of stitch
length resulted in the lower rate of GSM increment.
Handle of cotton: wool knitted khadi fabriciosrjce
Hand of cotton: woolhand knitted fabrics has been reported in this study. Indian crossbred wool
(Rambouillet and Chokla) was blended with cotton (Mech I) in three different ratios (10-90%, 20-80% and 30-
70%) and yarns were prepared on hand spinning system.Knitted fabric samples were constructed on 10-12
gauge, flat bed hand knitting machine. Fabric handle was objectively assessed by SiroFAST.
The following terms & definitions are used to describe and explain cotton fiber maturity.
Circularity :
The degree of thickening which is calculated by the cross sectional area of the fiber wall divided by the area of a circle of the same perimeter.
Theta :
Average circularity of the matured fibers also described as the degree of thickening.
Fineness (mtex) : Average fiber fineness (weight per unit length) in millitex. 1000 meters of fibers with a mass of 1 milligram equals 1 millitex.
IFC (%) :
Immature fiber content in percent. Percentage of fibers with less than 0.25 circularity. The lower the IFC% the better the fiber is for dyeing.
Maturity Ratio :
Maturity Ratio is the ratio of fibers with a 0.5 (or more) circularity ratio devided by the amount of fibers with a 0.25 (or less) circularity. The higher the maturity ratio, the more mature the fibers are and the better the fibers are for dyeing.
Effect of count and stitch length on spirality of single jersey knit fabriceSAT Journals
Abstract
The following paper focuses on change in spirality due to stitch length and count variation .This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which were scoured and bleached with NaOH and H2O2 (35% strength), dyed with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR reactive class) and were finished as standard procedure . After finishing the samples were tested for spirality and compared between different stitch length and count. The result obtained in this research indicated that spirality increases strongly due to increase of stitch length when count of yarn is fixed and on fixed stitch length spirality increases with the increment of count.
Keywords: Spirality, Count, Stitch length.
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Effect of stitch length on Lycra And Without Lycra plain Single jersey fabric dimension & properties
1.
2.
3. Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshir
ID: 2010000400008
13th Batch (session 2009-2013)
Department : Wet Processing Technology
Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com
Blog : www. Textilelab.blogspot.com (visit)
Southeast University
Department Of Textile Engineering
I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh
Prepared By :
4. INTRODUCTION
Knitted fabrics are the preferred structures in athletic wear in which demand for comfort is a key
requirement. Fabric properties are an important matter to produced athletic fabrics.
In this study, an experimental work is presented to determine the effects of stitch length on plain
single jersey cotton fabric with lycra and without lycra. The experimental work is going through
various tests, test results, graphical representation and remarks on the test. Dimensional
properties, pilling resistance, spirality, fabric thickness, and some color fastness test are
analyzed to get information about the effect of stitch length on plain single jersey fabric.
From the analyses of variance, it is seen that the effects of stitch length on the dimension and
properties of the Plain single fabrics inspected are highly significant.
5. SAMPLE FABRIC PRODUCTION
Fabric Type : Plain Single Jersey (Lycra & without Lycra)
Yarn Type : Cotton (combed)
Yarn Count : 26 Ne, 70D
Stitch Length : 2.76mm, 2.97mm, 3.15mm
Machine Parameters
Brand name of m/c : Jiunn long (Taiwan)
Machine Diameter : 26 inch
No of Feeder : 78
Needle Gauge : 24
No of Needle : 1968T
Machine speed : 26 rpm
6. DIFFERENT TESTS & CALCULATION
Tests on Grey Sample Fabric
Spirality Test.
Pilling Test.
GSM Calculation.
CPI, WPI & Fabric Width Calculation.
Dimensional Stability Test.
Fabric Thickness Test.
Tests on Dyed Sample Fabric
Color fastness to Rubbing
Color Fastness to Wash
Color Fastness to Perspiration
7. SPIRALITY
Spirality can be defined as a fabric condition resulting when the knitted wales and courses are
angularly displaced from that ideal perpendicular angle.
In other words, Spirality" arises from twist stress in the constituent’s yarns of plain
fabric, causing all loops to distort and throwing the fabric wales and courses into an angular
relationship other than 90 degree.
10. PILING
Pilling is a surface defect of textiles caused by wear, and is considered unsightly. It happens
when washing and wearing of fabrics causes loose fibres to begin to push out from the surface
of the cloth, and, over time, abrasion causes the fibres to develop into small spherical
bundles, anchored to the surface of the fabric by protruding fibres that haven't broken.
Fig: Pilling of Fabric
15. GSM
The GSM of fabric is one kind of specification of fabric which is very important for a textile
engineer for understanding and production of fabric. ‘GSM’ means ‘Gram per square meter’
that is the weight of fabric in gram per one square meter. By this we can compare the fabrics
in unit area which is heavier and which is lighter.
There are two formulas for calculating the GSM of a knitted fabric
Course per inch X Stitch length X 39.37 X 39.37 X Tex
GSM = ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1000 X 1000
And
WPI X CPI X SL (mm)
GSM = ----------------------------- X 0.9155
Count (Ne)
16. IMPACT OF FABRIC STITCH LENGTH ON FABRIC
GSM
Plain S/J Fabric without Lycra & with Lycra
Plain
S/J
Fabric
without
Lycra
Stitch
Length
(mm)
GSM
Plain
S/J
Fabric
with
Lycra
Stitch
Length
(mm)
GSM
2.76 152 2.76 240
2.97 141 2.97 234
3.15 127 3.15 220
152
141
127
240
234
220
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2.76 2.97 3.15
GSM
Stitch Length
Without lycra
With Lycra
17. COURSES PER INCH
Courses per inch mean how many numbers of courses are present in one inch. It is also very
important for calculation of knitted fabric GSM.
WALES PER INCH
Wales per inch means how many numbers of wales are present in one inch, it is very
important for calculation of knitted fabric GSM and fabric properties.
Calculation of Fabric Width
We calculated the fabric width by using following formula –
Total no of Wales/Total no of needle
Fabric Width (open width) = ---------------------------------------------
WPI
20. DIMENSIONAL STABILITY
This is a test method for measuring the changes in fabric dimension when subjected to
changing humidity conditions. The dimensional stability relating properties, namely
relaxation shrinkage and hygral expansion, are measured. Relaxation shrinkage is defined as
the percentage change in dry dimensions of fabric measured after 30-minute relaxation in
water at room temperature. Hygral expansion is defined as the percentage change in
dimensions of relaxed fabric from wet condition to dry condition.
23. FABRIC THICKNESS
Fabric thickness is defined as perpendicular distance through the fabric, which determines the
dimension between the upper and lower side of the fabric
Fig: Fabric Thickness Tester
32. CONCLUSION
The contributions and incessant efforts of all the group members to complete the project
report are highly appreciative. The challenging environment in 21st century demands that
textile education should be meaningful and responsive to develop a mechanism to produce
dynamic and technically competitive human resource in order to meet the challenges of the
global world. Right and effective strategies needs to be adopted for affecting quality
improvements in textile education thereby making it relevant and useful not only for the
sustained growth and development of the textile institutes but also in serving the societies in a
progressive way.