Present situation of organic farming in Sri Lanka
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1) Organic farming in Sri Lanka focuses on avoiding synthetic inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, and hormones. It aims to sustainably manage nutrients and pests through techniques like crop rotation and using organic waste. 2) The main crops grown organically in Sri Lanka include tea, coconut, rice, vegetables, fruits, and oil crops. Organic farming improves soil and environmental health while maintaining productivity. 3) Key principles of organic farming are health, ecology, fairness, and responsible management. Common organic practices involve making biopesticides and biofertilizers from plants, using compost and cover crops, and integrating crops and livestock.
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Present situation of organic farming in Sri Lanka
- 1. Present situation of organic farming in Sri Lanka SSM Peramunagama Assistant Director /Lecturer Sri Lanka R.Thusyanthini Assistant Director /Lecturer Sri Lanka
- 2. Why this Organic Farming? SSM Peramunagama 2
- 3. Over 71.5 Million Hectares of Farmland are Organic 1.Liechtenstein 2.Samoa 3.Austria Globally, 1.5 percent of farmland 1.5%
- 6. What is Organic Farming ? SSM Peramunagama 6
- 7. Organic farming • A system which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic inputs •Fertilizers, •Pesticides, •Hormones, •Feed additives • Use of crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, etc. SSM Peramunagama 7
- 8. Conventional Farming Organic Farming • It is based on economical orientation. • Supplementing nutrients through chemical fertilizers • Weed control by herbicide • Pest control by pesticide • Livestock rarely combined • Low input: output ratio with pollution • Using up soil fertility often resulting in erosion and soil loss • It is based on ecological orientation. • Cycle of nutrients within the farms; predominantly farm produced materials • Weed control by crop rotation and cultural practices • Pest control based on non- polluting substances • Livestock for production and health • Optimum input: output ratio with No pollution • Maximum conservation of soils, water quality and wild life Difference between present farming and organic farming SSM Peramunagama 8
- 9. Main crop organically growing in Sri Lanka Tea Coconut Paddy Up country vegetable Fruits Leafy vegetables Oil crop Cereal crop SSM Peramunagama 9
- 10. Important of Organic Farming SSM Peramunagama 10
- 11. • Sustainable and eco-friendly technology. • It improves quality, shelf and nutritive value of the farm produce. • It encourages sustainable livelihood of the producers as well as safeguards consumers health. • It improves the physical, chemical and biological health of the soil. • Promotes healthy use of the natural resources and minimizes all forms of the pollution. Important SSM Peramunagama 11
- 12. • Maintains the fertility of the soil. • Maximizes recycling of plant nutrients and organic matter. • Maintains diversity in the production • Gives farm animal’s life conditions • Careful attention to the impact of the farming system on the wider environment and the conservation of wildlife and natural habitats. SSM Peramunagama 12
- 13. Principles of Organic Farming SSM Peramunagama 13
- 14. 1. Principle of health • Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible. • Healthy soils produce healthy crops that foster the health of animal and people. 2. Principle of ecology • Organic Agriculture should be based on living ecological systems cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them. • This principle roots organic agriculture within living ecological systems. Four principles
- 15. 3. Principle of fairness • Organic Agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities. • Fairness is characterized by equity, respect, justice and stewardship of the shared world, both among people and in their relations to other living beings 4. Principle of care • Organic Agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well-being of current and future generations and the environment. • This principle states that precaution and responsibility are the key concerns in management, development and technology choices in organic agriculture.
- 16. Practically use of Organic Farming SSM Peramunagama 16
- 18. Weed management Preventive methods 1.. • Weed free crop seed • Weed free manure • Clean equipment 2. Cultural method • Cover crop • Crop rotation • Optimum plant density • Drip irrigation
- 19. 3. Mechanical method • Tillage • Hand weeding • Hoeing • Mulching • Burning
- 20. Product Weed control Insect Weed control Crocidosema lantana busck moth Lantana camara Cochineal scale Pricklypear Fleabeetle larva Alligatorweed Neochetina burchii Waterhyacinth Mexican gall fly Congress grass Biological control
- 22. Pests-insects/other SSM Peramunagama 22 Aphid Mealy bug Mite Thrip Caterpillar
- 23. Physical method • Mechanical control • Light trap • Pheromone trap • Nylon net Cultural method • Field and plant sanitation • Crop rotation • Trap cropping Pest management
- 24. Neem seed mixture Materials 1. Neem seed 25-50g 2. Water: 1 liter 3. Any soap 5g Can use for- caterpillar, leaf minor, mites, aphids, mealy bug , thrips SSM Peramunagama 24
- 25. Procedure Neem seed Grind well Add water & keep one day Add soap SSM Peramunagama 25
- 26. Garlic mixture Materials 1. Garlic 25-30g 2. Kerosine oil 3ml 3. Soap 3g 4. Water I L Use for- Aphids SSM Peramunagama 26
- 27. Procedure Garlic Grind well Add water & keep one day Add soap Add Kerosene oil SSM Peramunagama 27
- 28. Anona seed mixture Materials 1. Anona seed 25-30g 2. Soap 3g 3. Water 1L Use for - aphids, mites, caterpillars SSM Peramunagama 28
- 29. Procedure Anona seed Grind well Add water & keep one day Add soap SSM Peramunagama 29
- 30. Spray every after 2 day If no symptom once a week Remember
- 32. 1. Bulky organic manures • FYM • Compost • Biogas slurry • Sheep and goat manure • Poultry manure • Green manure • vermicompost Fertilizer management
- 33. • Oil cakes • Fish meal • Meat meal • Blood meal 2. Concentrated organic manure Fertilizer management
- 34. Foliar application Material 1. Gliricidia leaves 4 buket 2. Cowdung ½ buket 3. Water 10 L SSM Peramunagama 34
- 35. Procedure Add water & cover well Cow dung Keep 4-5 weeks 35 Gliricidia leaves
- 36. • Mixture 1: water 1 can use for leaves as sprayer • Mixture 1: water 2 can use for leaves as sprayer, nursery plant Remember SSM Peramunagama 36
- 37. Sr. Group example No. N2 Fixing Bio fertilizer 1. Free-living Azotobacter , Beijerinka, Clostridium,Anabanea 2. Symbiotic Rhizobium,Azolla, Frankia 3. Associtave symbiotic Azospirrlum P Solubilising Bio fertilizer 1. Bacteria Bacillus sp, pseudomonus sp 2. Fungai Penicillum sp,Aspergillus awamori P Mobilizing Bio fertilizer 1. Arbuscular mycorrhiza Gloumus sp, Gigaspora sp, 2. Ectomycorrhiza Laccaria sp,Amanita sp. 3. Ericoid mycorrhizae Pezizella ericae 4. Orchid mycorrhizae Rhizoctonia solani. Bio-fertilizer
- 39. 1. Cattle urine cow urine + water (1:10) soak the seed in solution for 15 minutes dry the seed in shade and sowing. If better germination and prevent seed borne disease 2. Fresh milk Cow milk + water (1:5) Soak the seed in solution for 30 minutes Dry the seed in shade and sowing. It prevent yellowing of leaves and leaf spot diseases
- 40. 3. Wood ash Wood ash + water (10 gram + one litter) Dip vegetable seed in solution for 15-30 min Dry in shade and sow immediately It prevent seedling root 4. Hot water treatment Boil water till it reaches 55 c. Soak the seed for 15 – 30 minutes. Dry seed first in shade and after in sun and stored in insect proof container. It control pathogens which develop seeds when they are stored for a long time period.
- 41. Limitations of organic farming • Farmers attitude • Lack of availability-input • Lack of technology knowledge • Organic material are bulky in nature very difficult store and high price • City garbage contain heavy metal, plastic bags, stones and needles. • Bio control agent are available only few selected insect pest. SSM Peramunagama 41
- 42. Commercial Organic fertilizer SSM Peramunagama 42
- 43. Help centers The Centre of Excellance for Organic Agriculture Makandura, Sri Lanka 031-2298994 SSM Peramunagama 43
- 44. Thank you SSM Peramunagama 44
- 45. The International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR) • Promotes and supports research • Development, education and knowledge exchange • Supporting individual researchers through membership services. • Publications http://www.isofar.org/ SSM Peramunagama 45