This document discusses insects, diseases, and integrated pest management practices for medicinal and aromatic plants. It describes common pests like aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers that attack medicinal plants. It also discusses diseases like fusarium wilt and powdery mildew. The document recommends cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control methods as part of an integrated pest management approach. This includes practices like intercropping, handpicking pests, using beneficial insects or oils/soaps, and following good agricultural practices.
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...Nikhil Kumar
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
The
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...Nikhil Kumar
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
The
turmeric cultivativation , production technology of turmeric Arvind Yadav
TURMERIC.Scientific Name : Curcuma longa.
Family :Zingiberaceae,
2n = 3X=63.
Origin place : South East Asia.
Economic part :- dried rhizome.
Curcuma longa an herbaceous perennial herb.
Curcumin (4 -7 %) is the principle colouring pigment in turmeric .
Essential oil content :- 2.5 -7.2 %.Area and production :-
India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world.
Area :- 180.96 lakh hectares.
Annual production of 7.92 lakh metric tonnes.
Andhra Pradesh stood first contributing 30% of the production followed by Orissa, Tamilnadu.
The productivity of turmeric is 4,400 kg/hectare.
BLAST AND LEAF SPOT OF FINGER MILLET or RAGI or MANDUWA or NAACHNI, प्राचीन काल से ही हमारे देश में पारम्परिक मोटे अनाज जैसे कि ज्वार, जौं, मक्का आदि का सेवन किया जाता रहा है। इन्हीं मोटे अनाजों में से एक है रागी। यह अनाज सेहत के लिए बहुत ही लाभकारी है
This was presented by one of the group of students to our Asst. professors Mr. and Mrs. Poudel (Pathology) in 2017.
By B.Sc.Ag Paklihawa IAAS campus, Full phase 6th batch.
Home Vegetables: Organic Controls for Insects
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
turmeric cultivativation , production technology of turmeric Arvind Yadav
TURMERIC.Scientific Name : Curcuma longa.
Family :Zingiberaceae,
2n = 3X=63.
Origin place : South East Asia.
Economic part :- dried rhizome.
Curcuma longa an herbaceous perennial herb.
Curcumin (4 -7 %) is the principle colouring pigment in turmeric .
Essential oil content :- 2.5 -7.2 %.Area and production :-
India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world.
Area :- 180.96 lakh hectares.
Annual production of 7.92 lakh metric tonnes.
Andhra Pradesh stood first contributing 30% of the production followed by Orissa, Tamilnadu.
The productivity of turmeric is 4,400 kg/hectare.
BLAST AND LEAF SPOT OF FINGER MILLET or RAGI or MANDUWA or NAACHNI, प्राचीन काल से ही हमारे देश में पारम्परिक मोटे अनाज जैसे कि ज्वार, जौं, मक्का आदि का सेवन किया जाता रहा है। इन्हीं मोटे अनाजों में से एक है रागी। यह अनाज सेहत के लिए बहुत ही लाभकारी है
This was presented by one of the group of students to our Asst. professors Mr. and Mrs. Poudel (Pathology) in 2017.
By B.Sc.Ag Paklihawa IAAS campus, Full phase 6th batch.
Home Vegetables: Organic Controls for Insects
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Gardening can be an immensely satisfying and peaceful pastime, allowing us to connect with nature and reap the rewards of our hard work. However, the journey to a beautiful garden can be challenging, as it often involves facing off against unwanted visitors: garden pests. These pesky invaders come in various forms, from tiny insects to larger mammals, and they can turn your flourishing garden into a battleground.
Fruit IPM, Fruit insect pest managment, Major fruits Mango, Guava, Litchi, Pomegranate, Citrus etc. Insect pest Mango, litchi, guava, pomegranate, citrus etc.
Similar to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Insects Pest and diseases a report by Allah Dad Khan (20)
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Insects Pest and diseases a report by Allah Dad Khan
1.
2. Insects annd Diseases of MAP;s
Through Good Agriculture Practices
Former .
Director General
Agriculture
Extension KPK Province
Allahdad52@gmail.com
03329221298
Mr Allah dad Khan
3. Medicinal Plants
Medicinal plants and herbs are
used (or have been) by nearly all
cultures to prevent or treat
illness. The World Health
Organization estimates that in
many African and Asian
countries, nearly 80 percent of
the population depends on
herbal medicine as the primary
source of care.
4. Pests of MAP.s
1. Medicinal plants are attacked regularly by
insects, mites, nematodes, bacteria, fungi
and viruses. Leaf and seed extracts in water
(5–10%), seed cakes (250 kg ha−1), crude oils
(0.5–3%) or essential oils (3000 ppm) have
been effectively used to control inter alia,
the sap sucking pests, foliar diseases and
root-knot nematodes.
2. Medicinal plants now a days are being
cultivated in the fields to meet the increasing
demand for pharmaceutical industries. Like
any other plants, medicinal plants too have
to bear the devastating attacks of injurious
insect pests.
5. Insects of MAP’s
Aphids - Aphids love the tender new leaves of herbs and, in
large numbers, may cause curling of the foliage. The
resulting honeydew secretion may promote sooty mold as
well as attract ants. Aphids are most commonly found
among crowded and rapidly growing herbs. Horticultural
soaps and neem oil may aid in exterminating these pests
Control
1 bulb of garlic
1 small onion
1 tablespoon cayenne (red) pepper
2 tablespoons liquid soap
1 quart water
Spray bottle
6. Whiteflies
Whiteflies will also appear on the underside of the leaves. When
infested plants are disturbed, great clouds of the winged adults fly
the air. Both nymphs and adults damage plants by sucking the juices
from new growth causing stunted growth, leaf yellowing and
reduced yields. Plants become weak and susceptible to disease. Like
aphids, whiteflies secrete honeydew, so leaves maybe sticky or
covered with a black sooty mold. They are also responsible for
transmitting several plant viruses.
7. White Fly Control
The Bug Blaster to hose off plants with a strong stream of water and reduce pest
numbers. Natural predators of this pest include ladybugs and lacewing larvae,
which feed on their eggs aYellow stictrapky s are helpful for monitoring and
suppressing adult populations. If found,. Insecticidal soap, neem oil and botanical
insecticides can be used to spot treat heavily infuse nd the whitefly
parasite which destroys nymphs and pupae. For best results, make releases
when pest levels are low to medium. If populations are high, use a least-
toxic, short-lived organic pesticide to establish control, then release predatory
insects to maintain controlested areas if population become intolerable.
8. Leafhoppers
Leafhoppers rarely do much damage but do feed on basil, oregano,
and parsley.
They are small, brightly colored insects that often feed on the
stems and
undersides of leaves for their sap, causing a mottled look. They can
move very
quickly when disturbed, making control difficult.
9. Control of Leaf Hopper
Some damage is tolerable, but when
infestations are severe, apply dormant
oil sprays to kill adults over-wintering on fruit
trees.
Wash nymphs from plants with a strong spray
of water.
Nymphs can also be controlled with insecticidal
soap. Thorough coverage of both upper and
lower infested leaves is necessary for effective
control. Coverage of the fruit is of secondary
importance.
If pest levels become intolerable, spot treat
with botanical insecticides as a last resort.
10. Leaf miners
Leaf miners will also attack succulent basil, leaving
tunneling trails between the upper and lower leaf
11. Parsley worms
Black swallowtail caterpillars morph into
spectacular butterflies. Hence, many gardeners
refrain from eliminating them and simply plant
plenty of the parsley, dill and fennel these guy
love to munch on
12. Flea beetles
The flea beetle is just that again, chewing
pinprick holes in the leaves of herbs but
sustaining no serious damage.
13. Diseases of MAP’s
1. Very few herbs (mints and lemon grass) thrive in
wet soil. Waterlogged soils encourage fungal
diseases such as fusarium root rot. Symptoms
appear as brown streaks on the herb stems with an
end result often of the general collapse of the plant.
2. Rust plagues many members of the mint family and
presents itself as rusty orange lesions on the
underside of the leaves.
3. Defenses against diseases of herbs are proper
growing conditions, sanitation, removal of weak or
otherwise infested foliage and regular pruning.
Raised beds will foster good drainage and watering
in the morning to give the herb plenty of time to dry
out will also retard the spread of fungal spores
which could result in disease.
14. Fusarium Wilt on Basil
1) Symptoms of fusarium wilt include:
2) stunted growth
3) wilted and yellowing leaves
4) brown spots or streaks on the stem
5) severely twisted stems
6) leaf drop
17. GoodAgriculturePractices
Guidelines for Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) of
Medicinal Plants
1 Seeds and propagation material -Parent material used
is to be certified as authentic.
2. Cultivation Standard Operating Procedures for
cultivation (to be
elaborated).
3. Soil and Fertilization -Medicinal and aromatic plants
should not be grown in soils that are contaminated by
slug.
4. Irrigation -Irrigation should be minimized as much as
18. GoodAgriculturePracticescontd
5. Tillage should be adapted to the growth and
requirements of plants.
6. Pesticide and herbicide application shoud be
avoided as far as possible.
7. Harvest- Harvesting should take place when the
plants are of best possible quality, according to their
different utilizations.
8. Primary processing -Primary processing after
harvest includes such processing steps as washing,
freezing, distilling, drying, etc.
19. Good Agriculture Practices
9.Packaging – packaged in new, clean and dry
sacks, bags or chests. The label must be clear,
permanently fixed and be made of non-toxic
material.
10.Storage and Transport -Fresh products
(except basil) should be stored between 1°C and
5°C while frozen products should be stored
below –18°C (or below –20°C for longer term
storage).
11. Personnel and Facilities -Personnel should
receive adequate botanical education before
performing tasks that require this knowledge.
20. Good Agriculture Practices Contd
12. . Documentation -All parent materials and processing steps,
including the location of cultivation, have to be documented.
Field records showing previous cropping and used inputs
should be maintained by all growers.
13. Education -It is highly advisable to educate all personnel
dealing with the crop or those engaged in the management of
production, in production techniques as well as the appropriate
use of herbicides and pesticides.
14. Quality Guarantee -Consultation between producers and
buyers of medicinal and aromatic plants, with regard to quality
questions, e.g. active principles and other characteristic
ingredients.
22. Reasons for IPM
Chemical pesticides
can impact the
human health and
ecosystems
Example: DDT, a
pesticide, can
accumulate in the
fatty tissue of
animals and affect
bird reproduction
23. Reasons for IPM
1. Insects can
become resistant
to chemical
pesticides
2. Approximately
500 species of
insects are
resistant to one
or more
pesticides
29. Planting Dates
Some pests can be avoided by
planting a crop before a pest moves
into the area.
Some root rot and germination
problems can be avoided by later
plantings.
33. Handpicking
Inspect plants for egg clusters,
beetles, caterpillars, or other pests.
Squash them or drop them in sudsy
water.
34. Traps
Insect traps can be useful
for detection and sometimes
management. There are many
kinds. Be sure that you are
not attracting more pests into
an area.
38. Use of Biological Pest and Disease Control
. They may be microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, virus or bigger life forms like
insects, worms, reptiles, mammal and birds. You can learn to increase the beneficial
insects, microorganisms and other animal and plant life in your farms to counter pests
and diseases harming your crops. Let us protect and increase these beneficial enemies
of pests.
41. Botanicals
Botanical insecticides are naturally
occurring chemicals extracted from
plants. Some examples are nicotine,
neem,
rotenone, and pyrethrum.
42. Soaps
Commercial insecticidal soaps work well
against soft bodied insects. They do less
damage against the parasites and predator
of some pests.
43. Horticultural Oils
These oils work best on soft-bodied
insects and disrupt metabolism. They have
low toxicity to humans. Be sure to read
the label to use them correctly.
44. Synthetic Chemicals
These are chemicals made
in a
laboratory. Some kill insects
by
contact, some through
ingestion,
and some through inhalation.
Always follow label
45. Biologicals
Biological insecticides use
other living organisms to
attack pests. It is similar to giving them
a disease. Examples are the bacterial
insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.)
and parasitic nematodes.
46. The biologicalagents
Predators such as ladybird beetle, spiders,
dragonflies and mites.
Parasites such as Trichogramma, Braconids
Pathogens such as bacteria and fungi which
cause diseases to pest.
47. SOME ENENIES OF INSECT PESTS
1. Trichogramma
2. Braconid
3. Pirate bug
4. Spiders
5. Praying Manthis
6. Birds
7. Frogs etc.
48.
49. Types of Biopesticides
Microbial pesticides consist of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus,
or protozoan) as the active ingredient. Microbial pesticides can control many
different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively
specific for its target pest[s]. For example, there are fungi that control certain
weeds, and other fungi that kill specific insects. Example BT
Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests by
non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally
synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Biochemical pesticides
include substances, such as insect sex pheromones
Plant pesticides are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic
material that has been added to the plant. For example, scientists can take the
gene for the Bt pesticidal protein and introduce the gene into the plant's own
genetic material
50. Used of Organic Pest and Disease Control
Herbal preparations to control pest and diseases can easily be made by
farmers themselves since we have abundant plants in the country that
are suitable ingredient.
51. Here is a short list of plants that can be effective against a wide range of insect
pest.
1. GOAT WEED (Aegaratum conisoides) Leaves
2. DAMONG MARIA (Artemesia vulgaris) Leaves mango tip borer.
3. LANTANA (Lantana camara) Flowers
4. DITA (Derris philippinensis) Roots
5. WILD SUNFLOWER (Tethornia diversifolia) Leaves
6. MARIGOLD (Targetes erecta) Roots
7. BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum) Fruits
8. HOT PEPPER (Capscium frutesens) Fruit
9. CUSTARD (Annona aquamosa) Seeds
10. NEEM (Azadiracta indica) Seeds
11. Tobacco Leaves
12. GARLIC (Allium sativum) Cloves
13. AMARANTH (Amaranthus gracilis) Leaves
14. PAPAYA (Carica papaya) Leaves
15. GINGER (Zingiber officianale) Rhizome
16. RED ONION (Allium sepa) Bulb
52. Integrated Weed Management
Certain weeds are difficult to remove or control, like
grasses. Planting vines and crawling crops like sweet
potato and cover crops will help suppress weeds.
54. Integrated FarmManagement
Integrated Farm Management (IFM) involves:
a commitment to good husbandry and animal welfare
efficient soil management and appropriate cultivation
techniques the use of crop rotations minimum reliance on crop protection
chemicals and fertilisers
careful choice of seed varieties maintenance of the landscape and rural
communities enhancement of wildlife habitats a commitment to team spirit
based on communication, training and involvement.
55. CONCLUSION
We can now grow our crops, following the natural law and adopt
Natural Organic and Biological Farming Systems that are self
sustaining, production cost reduction, and healthful organic food
crops that are very much in demand in the domestic and export
market today.