This document discusses organic farming in India. It defines organic farming as a system that avoids synthetic inputs and relies on techniques like crop rotation, green manuring, and composting. The main objectives of organic farming are to improve soil fertility, reduce costs and pollution, and ensure health. India has over 30% of the world's organic producers but only 2.59% of the total organic area. Sikkim is the world's first entirely organic state.
Organic Farming- Meaning-father of organic farming- Basic Concepts-Benefits-Principles-types-Forms-Need & Scope-Advantages& Disadvantages-Problems-Basic steps- components-characteristics-Variants-Accredited agencies- Govt support to promote of organic farming-difference between conventional and organic farming
This document discusses organic farming in India. It defines organic farming as using green manure, compost, crop rotation, and biological pest control instead of chemicals. The objectives of organic farming are to increase genetic diversity, promote natural pesticides, ensure proper soil cultivation, and maintain soil structure and fertility. Sikkim has been declared India's first fully organic state. The government is taking several initiatives to promote organic farming such as missions and schemes. Organic farming provides benefits like improved nutrition, environmental sustainability, and food security.
Organic farming assignment by Usama Afzal Islamia University of Bhawalpurusamaafzal34
This document provides information on organic farming. It discusses the components of organic production systems including crop sequence, cover crops, crop management practices, soil management, and pest management. It also describes the advantages of organic farming such as being economical, having high demand, improving soil fertility, and being environmentally friendly. Some disadvantages include products being more expensive, having less initial production, and shorter shelf life. The document also compares the quality of organic versus inorganic food and outlines the basic steps and practices of organic farming including fertilizer, weed, and pest management.
Ecological agriculture, also known as organic farming, is an agricultural system that promotes environmentally and economically sustainable production without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or genetically modified organisms. It involves building healthy soil, growing pest-resistant plants, and enhancing biodiversity. Millions of small-scale farmers around the world already use ecological farming techniques to produce enough food while protecting the environment and mitigating climate change impacts. Studies show ecological farms can yield 30% more food per hectare on average than conventional farms while proving more profitable for farmers.
Organic farming aims to produce food while conserving soil fertility. It prevents pest problems by avoiding synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which can pollute groundwater. Organic farming enhances soil structure and water retention while reducing non-renewable energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Organic products are often more expensive due to higher labor costs, organic certification requirements, and slower growth without chemicals. Organic farmers use natural techniques like compost and crop rotation to fertilize and manage pests without synthetic inputs.
1. The document discusses the history and principles of organic farming. Organic farming relies on ecological processes and biodiversity rather than synthetic inputs.
2. It provides details on the growth of organic agriculture in India, including increasing area under organic management from 42,000 ha in 2003-04 to over 4.48 million ha by 2010.
3. Organic management is described as an integrated approach that focuses on soil health, ecosystem health, and quality of produce over maximizing short term productivity. It emphasizes self-reliance, renewable resources, and maintaining natural cycles.
Organic Farming- Meaning-father of organic farming- Basic Concepts-Benefits-Principles-types-Forms-Need & Scope-Advantages& Disadvantages-Problems-Basic steps- components-characteristics-Variants-Accredited agencies- Govt support to promote of organic farming-difference between conventional and organic farming
This document discusses organic farming in India. It defines organic farming as using green manure, compost, crop rotation, and biological pest control instead of chemicals. The objectives of organic farming are to increase genetic diversity, promote natural pesticides, ensure proper soil cultivation, and maintain soil structure and fertility. Sikkim has been declared India's first fully organic state. The government is taking several initiatives to promote organic farming such as missions and schemes. Organic farming provides benefits like improved nutrition, environmental sustainability, and food security.
Organic farming assignment by Usama Afzal Islamia University of Bhawalpurusamaafzal34
This document provides information on organic farming. It discusses the components of organic production systems including crop sequence, cover crops, crop management practices, soil management, and pest management. It also describes the advantages of organic farming such as being economical, having high demand, improving soil fertility, and being environmentally friendly. Some disadvantages include products being more expensive, having less initial production, and shorter shelf life. The document also compares the quality of organic versus inorganic food and outlines the basic steps and practices of organic farming including fertilizer, weed, and pest management.
Ecological agriculture, also known as organic farming, is an agricultural system that promotes environmentally and economically sustainable production without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or genetically modified organisms. It involves building healthy soil, growing pest-resistant plants, and enhancing biodiversity. Millions of small-scale farmers around the world already use ecological farming techniques to produce enough food while protecting the environment and mitigating climate change impacts. Studies show ecological farms can yield 30% more food per hectare on average than conventional farms while proving more profitable for farmers.
Organic farming aims to produce food while conserving soil fertility. It prevents pest problems by avoiding synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which can pollute groundwater. Organic farming enhances soil structure and water retention while reducing non-renewable energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Organic products are often more expensive due to higher labor costs, organic certification requirements, and slower growth without chemicals. Organic farmers use natural techniques like compost and crop rotation to fertilize and manage pests without synthetic inputs.
1. The document discusses the history and principles of organic farming. Organic farming relies on ecological processes and biodiversity rather than synthetic inputs.
2. It provides details on the growth of organic agriculture in India, including increasing area under organic management from 42,000 ha in 2003-04 to over 4.48 million ha by 2010.
3. Organic management is described as an integrated approach that focuses on soil health, ecosystem health, and quality of produce over maximizing short term productivity. It emphasizes self-reliance, renewable resources, and maintaining natural cycles.
Organic agriculture scope and problems for conservation Saleman Sultani
Organic agriculture aims to optimize quality in all aspects of agriculture and the environment while respecting plants, animals, and landscapes. However, organic farming faces several problems including insufficient organic inputs, lower initial yields, lack of expertise and infrastructure. Transitioning to organic also requires adopting practices like crop rotation and biological pest control that are less common in conventional farming.
The extensive management of livestock, paying full regard to their evolutionary adaptations, behavioral needs and animal welfare issues with respect to nutrition, housing, health, breeding and rearing.
Careful attention to the impact of the farming system on the wider environment and the conservation of wildlife and natural habitats.
1. Organic farming is a system of agriculture that uses biological fertilizers and pest control derived from animal and plant waste, in contrast to chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers used in conventional farming. It aims to maintain ecological balance and soil health.
2. Organic farming focuses on protecting the living population in the soil and using techniques like crop rotation, mulching, and green manuring to enrich the soil without harming its structure or natural microorganisms.
3. Organic farming has advantages like being more economical, nutritious, and environmentally-friendly compared to conventional farming. However, organic foods also have disadvantages like lower initial production and shorter shelf life than chemical products.
This document discusses organic farming. It begins by defining organic farming as a method of crop and livestock production that focuses on sustainability and avoiding pesticides, fertilizers, GMOs, antibiotics and growth hormones. It then provides background on why the author chose this topic and the objectives of organic farming, which include sustainable agriculture, increasing production, food self-sufficiency, environmental protection and rural development. The document also briefly outlines the history and principles of organic farming, as well as its potential problems and advantages over conventional farming.
Organic farming is an agricultural system that relies on ecosystem management rather than external agricultural inputs such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. It aims to produce high-quality food while maintaining soil fertility and preventing pest and disease. Organic farming has grown significantly in recent decades and over 37 million hectares of agricultural land are now managed organically worldwide. The principles of organic agriculture established by IFOAM emphasize sustaining health, working with ecological systems, fairness, and responsible management to protect current and future generations. Organic farming provides environmental and health benefits while maintaining sustainable agricultural production levels.
Organic farming : A path for Sustainable DevelopmentNishat Fatima
Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that involves much more than choosing not to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones. ... provide attentive care that promotes the health and meets the behavioural needs of livestock.
Organic farming avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on natural methods like crop rotation, animal manures, and biological pest control. It aims to sustain soil fertility, encourage biodiversity, and manage livestock ethically while reducing environmental impact. Organic farming principles include health of soil, plants, animals and humans; ecological processes and recycling; fairness for farmers, workers and consumers; and responsible management for current and future generations.
Organic farming involves techniques that achieve good crop yields without harming the environment or people. It uses biological materials and avoids synthetic substances to maintain ecological balance and minimize pollution. Some organic farming techniques include crop rotation, green manure, organic waste management, and biological pest control. The benefits of organic farming are maintaining long-term soil fertility, reducing input costs, effectively using natural resources, avoiding pollution from agriculture, and providing quality food. India has a suitable climate for organic farming and there are growing opportunities in the sector as demand for organic products and acreage of organic farmland have increased in recent years.
Organic farming is a system that avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, relying mainly on crop rotation, animal manures, and biological pest control. It aims to sustain soil health and biodiversity. The key principles of organic farming are health, ecology, fairness, and care. Organic farming has advantages like reduced costs, healthier workers and environment, and consumer demand for organic foods. However, organic foods can be more expensive to produce and market.
Organic farming is a system that avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, relying mainly on crop rotation, animal manures, and biological pest control. It aims to sustain soil health and biodiversity. The key principles of organic farming are health, ecology, fairness, and care. Organic farming has advantages like reduced costs, healthier workers and environment, and consumer demand for organic foods. However, organic foods can be more expensive to produce and market.
Organic farming avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on crop rotations, residues, and animal manures. It aims to promote biodiversity and biological cycles. Organic farming has religious roots dating back thousands of years in many ancient civilizations and texts provide early references to organic manures and practices. Major countries worldwide have significant land areas dedicated to organic agriculture, though India has relatively low adoption at around 0.28% of total agricultural area. Key principles of organic farming include health, ecology, fairness, and responsibility.
This document discusses organic farming and pest management in medicinal plants. It defines organic farming as a system that avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on practices like crop rotation, animal manures, and biological pest control. The main goals of organic farming are identified as conserving the environment, improving soil fertility, and producing high quality food without pollution. Various techniques used in organic farming are described, including crop rotation, green manures, composting, and biological pest control. The key characteristics of organic agriculture are outlined as relying on renewable resources and maximizing recycling while avoiding foreign substances.
Organic farming and modern world a study by Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Organic farming avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on natural methods like crop rotation and manures. It aims to protect soil health, encourage biodiversity, and farm sustainably. Organic farming principles include health, ecology, fairness, and responsibility by considering the environment, social impacts, and future generations.
16. medicinal plants ,organic farming By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Organic farming avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on crop rotations, animal manures, and biological processes. It aims to sustain soil fertility, use nutrient sources that are insoluble but made available through soil microorganisms, achieve nitrogen self-sufficiency through legumes and recycling, and control weeds and pests through diversity and minimal interventions. Organic farming also requires attention to livestock welfare and impact on the environment.
This document provides information about Eco Farms, an organic farming project in India. It began in 1990 with 80 farmers cultivating 100 acres organically. It has now grown to 20,000 farmers cultivating 60,000 hectares organically. Eco Farms also operates an organic clothing brand called Earth Conscious. The founder, Omprakash Mor, has over 40 years experience in organic farming and pioneered the organic movement in India. The vision is to nurture a greener earth with healthy eating and living while sustaining rural livelihoods.
Basic Study about Organic Farming where it includes goals, principles, steps involved in organic farming , its advantages and disadvantages in the form of Slide share
By Aakanksha V. Thakur
B Pharmacy (3rd year)
Gondia
The document discusses the topic of organic farming, providing a history and definitions of organic farming. It outlines various forms of organic agriculture like Rishi Krishi, Panchgavya Krishi, and Natural Farming. The principles, components, advantages, and status of organic farming in India and globally are also summarized.
Natural organic and biological farming A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Natural organic and biological farming A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province & Visiting Professor Agriculture University Peshawar Pakistan
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Organic agriculture scope and problems for conservation Saleman Sultani
Organic agriculture aims to optimize quality in all aspects of agriculture and the environment while respecting plants, animals, and landscapes. However, organic farming faces several problems including insufficient organic inputs, lower initial yields, lack of expertise and infrastructure. Transitioning to organic also requires adopting practices like crop rotation and biological pest control that are less common in conventional farming.
The extensive management of livestock, paying full regard to their evolutionary adaptations, behavioral needs and animal welfare issues with respect to nutrition, housing, health, breeding and rearing.
Careful attention to the impact of the farming system on the wider environment and the conservation of wildlife and natural habitats.
1. Organic farming is a system of agriculture that uses biological fertilizers and pest control derived from animal and plant waste, in contrast to chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers used in conventional farming. It aims to maintain ecological balance and soil health.
2. Organic farming focuses on protecting the living population in the soil and using techniques like crop rotation, mulching, and green manuring to enrich the soil without harming its structure or natural microorganisms.
3. Organic farming has advantages like being more economical, nutritious, and environmentally-friendly compared to conventional farming. However, organic foods also have disadvantages like lower initial production and shorter shelf life than chemical products.
This document discusses organic farming. It begins by defining organic farming as a method of crop and livestock production that focuses on sustainability and avoiding pesticides, fertilizers, GMOs, antibiotics and growth hormones. It then provides background on why the author chose this topic and the objectives of organic farming, which include sustainable agriculture, increasing production, food self-sufficiency, environmental protection and rural development. The document also briefly outlines the history and principles of organic farming, as well as its potential problems and advantages over conventional farming.
Organic farming is an agricultural system that relies on ecosystem management rather than external agricultural inputs such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. It aims to produce high-quality food while maintaining soil fertility and preventing pest and disease. Organic farming has grown significantly in recent decades and over 37 million hectares of agricultural land are now managed organically worldwide. The principles of organic agriculture established by IFOAM emphasize sustaining health, working with ecological systems, fairness, and responsible management to protect current and future generations. Organic farming provides environmental and health benefits while maintaining sustainable agricultural production levels.
Organic farming : A path for Sustainable DevelopmentNishat Fatima
Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that involves much more than choosing not to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones. ... provide attentive care that promotes the health and meets the behavioural needs of livestock.
Organic farming avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on natural methods like crop rotation, animal manures, and biological pest control. It aims to sustain soil fertility, encourage biodiversity, and manage livestock ethically while reducing environmental impact. Organic farming principles include health of soil, plants, animals and humans; ecological processes and recycling; fairness for farmers, workers and consumers; and responsible management for current and future generations.
Organic farming involves techniques that achieve good crop yields without harming the environment or people. It uses biological materials and avoids synthetic substances to maintain ecological balance and minimize pollution. Some organic farming techniques include crop rotation, green manure, organic waste management, and biological pest control. The benefits of organic farming are maintaining long-term soil fertility, reducing input costs, effectively using natural resources, avoiding pollution from agriculture, and providing quality food. India has a suitable climate for organic farming and there are growing opportunities in the sector as demand for organic products and acreage of organic farmland have increased in recent years.
Organic farming is a system that avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, relying mainly on crop rotation, animal manures, and biological pest control. It aims to sustain soil health and biodiversity. The key principles of organic farming are health, ecology, fairness, and care. Organic farming has advantages like reduced costs, healthier workers and environment, and consumer demand for organic foods. However, organic foods can be more expensive to produce and market.
Organic farming is a system that avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, relying mainly on crop rotation, animal manures, and biological pest control. It aims to sustain soil health and biodiversity. The key principles of organic farming are health, ecology, fairness, and care. Organic farming has advantages like reduced costs, healthier workers and environment, and consumer demand for organic foods. However, organic foods can be more expensive to produce and market.
Organic farming avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on crop rotations, residues, and animal manures. It aims to promote biodiversity and biological cycles. Organic farming has religious roots dating back thousands of years in many ancient civilizations and texts provide early references to organic manures and practices. Major countries worldwide have significant land areas dedicated to organic agriculture, though India has relatively low adoption at around 0.28% of total agricultural area. Key principles of organic farming include health, ecology, fairness, and responsibility.
This document discusses organic farming and pest management in medicinal plants. It defines organic farming as a system that avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on practices like crop rotation, animal manures, and biological pest control. The main goals of organic farming are identified as conserving the environment, improving soil fertility, and producing high quality food without pollution. Various techniques used in organic farming are described, including crop rotation, green manures, composting, and biological pest control. The key characteristics of organic agriculture are outlined as relying on renewable resources and maximizing recycling while avoiding foreign substances.
Organic farming and modern world a study by Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Organic farming avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on natural methods like crop rotation and manures. It aims to protect soil health, encourage biodiversity, and farm sustainably. Organic farming principles include health, ecology, fairness, and responsibility by considering the environment, social impacts, and future generations.
16. medicinal plants ,organic farming By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Organic farming avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on crop rotations, animal manures, and biological processes. It aims to sustain soil fertility, use nutrient sources that are insoluble but made available through soil microorganisms, achieve nitrogen self-sufficiency through legumes and recycling, and control weeds and pests through diversity and minimal interventions. Organic farming also requires attention to livestock welfare and impact on the environment.
This document provides information about Eco Farms, an organic farming project in India. It began in 1990 with 80 farmers cultivating 100 acres organically. It has now grown to 20,000 farmers cultivating 60,000 hectares organically. Eco Farms also operates an organic clothing brand called Earth Conscious. The founder, Omprakash Mor, has over 40 years experience in organic farming and pioneered the organic movement in India. The vision is to nurture a greener earth with healthy eating and living while sustaining rural livelihoods.
Basic Study about Organic Farming where it includes goals, principles, steps involved in organic farming , its advantages and disadvantages in the form of Slide share
By Aakanksha V. Thakur
B Pharmacy (3rd year)
Gondia
The document discusses the topic of organic farming, providing a history and definitions of organic farming. It outlines various forms of organic agriculture like Rishi Krishi, Panchgavya Krishi, and Natural Farming. The principles, components, advantages, and status of organic farming in India and globally are also summarized.
Natural organic and biological farming A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Natural organic and biological farming A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province & Visiting Professor Agriculture University Peshawar Pakistan
Similar to organicfarming-200605085354 (1).pdf (20)
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
2. Introduction
In today’s time where peoples are falling to
chronic disease easily, who would like to risk their life with
the harmful pesticides and fertilizers? But there is a way to
rescue ourselves from these life threatening chemicals and
that is Organic Farming.
Organic farming system in India is not new
and is being practiced from thousands years ago. It is a
method of farming system which primarily aimed at
cultivating the land and raising crops in such a way, where
the fertilizers, pesticides etc. are obtained from plant
residues and animal products for increased sustainable
production in an eco-friendly pollution free environment.
3. What is Organic Farming?
“Organic farming is a system of farming or
Agriculture which avoids the use of synthetic inputs ( such
as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, feed additives and the
maximum extent feasible rely upon crop rotations, crop
residues, animal manures, off farm organic waste and
biological system of nutrient mobilization and plant
protection.”
-United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)
“Organic Farming is the method of crop and
livestock production which involves not to using pesticides,
fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and
growth hormones.”
4. Main Objectives of Organic farming
To improve drawbacks of Green Revolution.
To improve rapidly degrading soil fertility status for long
term.
To reduce increased input cost of cultivation.
To reduce increased environment pollution.
To solve health problems due to using intensively
chemicals in crop production.
To ensure that water stays clean and safe.
Reducing high energy use and emissions of green house
gases.
To control pest and diseases without harming the
environment. Source:- food.ndtv.com
5. Types of Organic farming
(1). Pure Organic Farming:- It involves the use of organic
manures and bio-pesticides with complete avoidance of
inorganic chemicals and pesticides.
(2). Integrated Organic Farming:- It involves Integrated
Pest Management and Integrated Nutrient Management. In
this farming type you can grow crops from natural
resources, further having the complete nutritive value and
management of the insect pest.
Source:- myfarm.blog
6. Principles of Organic Farming
(1). Principles of health:-
Organic
Farming must contribute to be and well being of soil,
plants, animal, human and the Earth.
(2). The principle of ecological balance:-
We must
model on living ecological systems. Moreover the
method of farming must fit the ecological balance and
cycles.
Source:- myfarmblog.com
7. (3). Principle of fairness:-
Organic
farming provides a good quality of life and helps
in reducing soil infertility.
(4). Principle of care:-
We should
practice organic agriculture in a careful and
responsible way to help the present and future
generations and the environment.
Source:- myfarmblog.com
8. Methods/Techniques of Organic Farming
(1). Crop Rotation:-
It is
the method of growing various
kind of crops in the same area,
according to different season in
a sequential way. Here land is
fixed but crop is rotated year
after year. It helps to check the
erosion, improves soil fertility
and stabilize income.
Source:- https://.agrihomegh.com
9. (2). Green Manuring:-
Refers to the dying plants or
crops which are uprooted and
turned into soil to make them
act as organic matter and
make source of nutrients for
the soil to increase its quality.
Ex.- Crotolaria juncea,
cowpea and other
leguminous crops.
Source:- https://.agrihomegh.com
10. (3). Composting:- Compost is
highly rich in nutrients and act as
organic material which is use as
manuring in crops. It can be
made by farm waste, vegetables
, food waste and crop residues.
(4). Mulching:- It is a process of
covering the soil by any type of
medium (crop residues,
polythene etc.) It checks
evaporation on soil surface and
provides more favourable
conditions for the best growth of
the plant.
Composting
Mulching
11. (5). Bio-fertilizers:- There
are some living organisms
which, when applied to the
seeds, plant surface or soil,
it colonize on the plants
parts and promotes growth
by increasing the supply or
availability of primary
nutrients to the plants. Ex.
Azolla, Blue Green algae
etc.
Blue Green Algae in paddy field
Azolla
Source:- https://.agrihomegh.com
12. (6). Biological Pest
control:- With this method
we used living organisms to
control pest without use of
chemical. In this method
some beneficial insect for
farmers are parasitic on
various stages of harmful
insects or feeds direct to the
insects.
Source:- https://.agrihomegh.com
13. (7). Weed Management:-
Weed is the unwanted, unsown
and undesireable that grows on
field and compete with crops for
space , nutrients, water and
sunlight. Organic farming
focuses on lowering weeds and
not using chemical herbicides
for preventing and not removing
them completely.
Source:- https://.agrihomegh.com
14. (8). Vermi- Compost:- Vermi-
Compost is the product of
composting processes using
various species of earthworms
specially red earthworms, to
create mixture of decomposed
vegetation or food wastes.
Earthworms are called
“Farmer’s Friend”.
Source:- https://.agrihomegh.com
15. (9). Soil Management:- Soil is
the soul of organic farming. It
is well known fact that after
taking one crop, the soil of
farm loses most of its nutrients
and its fertility becomes down.
So, it is necessory to done
management of soil by
manuring or other practices
after harveting of crops.
Source:- https://.agrihomegh.com
16. (10). Livestock production:-
Organic farming proposed to
keep domestic animals use to
increase the sustainability of
the farm. The Products of the
animals likewise- dung(act as
Organic material and having
much nutrients), urine (rich
source of nitrogen) are useful
for making compost manure.
Source:- https://.agrihomegh.com
17. Why India needs Organic Farming?
The main reason farmers state to farm organically is
their concern about working with chemicals in
conventional farming systems.
As many farm chemicals require energy intensive
manufacturing processes that rely heavily on fossil
fuels, there is an issue with the amount of energy used
in agriculture , organic farmers find their method of
farming to be profitable and personally rewarding.
Source:- upsciasexams.com
18. Advantages of Organic Farming
Organic farming helps to prevent environmental degradation
and can be used to regenerate degraded areas.
Organic manure produce an ideal condition in the soil for high
yields and good quality of crops.
They reduce the need for purchased inputs.
They improve the soil chemical properties such as supply and
retention of soil nutrients and promote favorable chemical
reactions.
Organically grown plants are more resistant to disease and
insect and hence only a few chemical sprays or other protective
treatment are required poison-free.
Creates job opportunities for the peoples.
It leads to reduction in farm waste as the is recycled and used
form. Source:- myfarmblog.com
19. Disadvantages of Organic Farming
It requires more workers for managing the Organic Farming, so
it become more costly.
It requires more knowledge of making and using effectively
organic manures and other practices.
More time requires for obtain results of Organic Farming.
Food illness may happen more often.
Organic food is more expensive because farmers do not get
much out of their land as conventional farmers do.
Due to low yields, Organic farming can’t produce enough food
for the world’s population needs to survive.
Source:- myfarmblog.com
20. Status of organic farming in India
India holds a unique position among 172 countries
who practicing organic agriculture. India produced around 1.35 MT
(2015-160 of certified organic products which includes all varieties of
food products. The production sector is not limited to the edible sector
but also produces organic cotton fiber, functional food products etc.
In the year 2015, India ranked first in the terms
of the number of organic producers among over 170 countries and 9th
in the terms of area under organic agriculture. India ranked 11th in
organic product export in 2015. India is the home of 30% of total
organic producers in the world but accounts for just 2.59% (1.5 Mha)of
the total organic cultivation.
There are limitations like availability of practical
guidelines, communication gap with small and marginal farmers and
lack of comprehensive approach for integration of technological know-
how, better marketing options etc. which led to lesser farmer’s
participation in large scale demonstration. Source:- agademy.in
21. Sikkim: World’s First Organic State
Sikkim presented a model in front of the world by
becoming the first ever organic state in the world. India’s “100%
Organic State” Sikkim has won the “Oscar for Best Policies”
conferred by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for the
world’s best policies promoting agro-ecological and sustainable food
systems. Sikkim won the Future Policy Award 2018, beating the 51
nominated policies from 25 countries.
Sikkim became the first state in India officially
announce to adoption of organic farming in the year 2003 to ensure
long term sustainability of soil fertility, protection of environment and
ecology, healthy living and decreasing the risk of health aliments. In
2003 Sikkim stopped imports of chemicals fertilizers in the state and
since then the cultivable land there is practically organic and farmers
of sikkim are traditional users of organic manure.
Source:- fao.org