Agriculture module

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TAMBONGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Tambongan, Candijay, Bohol
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE - 12
Name: ___________________________ Score: _____________
Year & Section: ____________________
Perform Plant Care and Management
Inside this module, you can generate ideas about different types of pests, initiate in
showing ways on how insects damage plants and you will be performing different methods
of controlling insects.
What’s New
Controlling of Pests
Is the process of protecting and eradicating pests in the crop.
One of the best organic practices in controlling pests is by using attractants made
from boiled molasses and sugar, where you can put them inside the plastic bottles and hang
them 2-3 meters away from your plantation.
Methods of Controlling Pest
1. Biological control
2. Cultural control
3. Mechanical or Physical Control
4. Chemical Control
1. Biological control -living organisms to suppress pest population.
Compatible with other control methods
Biological Control a.
Trichogramma
b. Earwigs (see figure below)
c. Telenemus sp(see figure below)
d. Metarrhizium

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e. VAM – Vasicular Arbuscular Mychorriziae
A. Parasitoid- attack eggs or larvae, parasitic during the immature stage, adults are free-
living, require a single host to complete its life cycle, and always kill the host. Example:
Trichogramma, Diadegma, Snellenius, Telenomus, Aphytis.
B. Predators-usually larger than their prey requires several preys to complete their life
cycle Example: Earwigs, Flower bug, Coccinellid beetles, lacewings.
C. Microbial pathogens-a pathogen usually defined as a microorganism that causes or
can cause damage in a host. Examples: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms.
2. Cultural Control farm operations that are favorable to crop production but unfavorable
to the pest.
A. Thorough land preparation-Plowing and harrowing expose insects and disease inoculum
and primarily reduces weed density.
1. Synchronized planting
a. The susceptible crop stage should not coincide with the pest population peak.
b. In rice, planting should not be delayed by 1 month.
2. Sanitation
a. Removal of all breeding sites and food sources
b. Removal of old leaves
3. Intercropping or multiple cropping
a. Intercropping with mungbean-flowers provides nectar to beneficial insects.
3. Mechanical or Physical control
a. Handpicking- feasible only if dealing with few plants.
b. Bagging- done to prevent fruit flies from laying eggs.
c. Trap crop- should be more preferred by the pest than the main crop. It should be planted
ahead of the main crop. Example: “kadyos” (tomato fruitworm).
d. Use of sex pheromone- female secret sex d. pheromones, also an important tool in pest
monitoring and regulating the population. If males can be attracted by the pheromone
traps, fertilization will be greatly reduced.
e. Light trapping - if adults will be trapped in UV lamps immediately after emergence, insect
pests are immediately killed.

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f. Planting of herbs/repellent- insects use the sense of smell to locate their hosts, and it has
a different odor from the host.
Plant
Insects and Pests
Deterred
Plant Near
Asters Most insects Sunflower, plant around the
garden
Basil Flies and mosquitoes Tomato; avoid planting near
rue
Borage Tomato worn, cabbage
worms
Tomato, cabbage family crops,
strawberry
Calendula Asparagus beetles,
tomato hornworms,
most insects
All vegetables and herbs
Catnip Flea beetles, spittlebugs,
ants, Japanese beetles,
weevils
All vegetables
Celery White cabbage butterfly Leek, tomato, cabbage,
cauliflower, bush bean
Chrysanthemum Most insects,
nematodes, spider mites
Tomato; avoid planting near
lettuce
Dead Nettle Potato bugs Potato
Eggplant Colorado potato beetle Green bean, lettuce
Flax (Linnum
usitatissimum)
Potato bugs Potato, carrot
Garlic Japanese beetle, aphids,
spider mites, other insects,
and blight
Tomato, eggplant, cabbage
family plants; avoid planting
near peas, beans, and other
legumes
Geranium Cabbageworms, corn
earworms, Japanese
beetles, most insects
Interplant with vegetables,
especially cabbage
Horseradish Potato bug Potato, horseradish needs a
permanent home
Henbit Most insects
Hyssop Cabbage moth Cabbage family, orchards,
grapevines; avoid planting near
radishes
Marigold Nearly all insects
including Mexican bean
beetles and nematodes
Potato, tomato, pepper,
eggplant, roses
Mint Cabbage moth and ants Cabbage, tomato

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Mole plant (Euphorbia
lathyrus)
Moles, gophers, mice Space around the garden every
5 feet as a barrier
Nasturtium Aphids, squash bugs,
striped pumpkin beetles,
whiteflies
Beans, cabbage family plants,
cucumber
Onion family Most pests, Colorado
potato beetles, carrot rust
flies, spider mites
Most vegetables except peas,
beans, sage
Petunia Bean pests, Mexican bean
beetles, potato bugs,
squash bugs
Beans, squash, potato
Pot Marigold Asparagus beetles, tomato
worms, general garden
pests
Asparagus, tomato, most
vegetables
Peppermint White cabbage butterfly Cabbage
Radish Cucumber beetles, squash
borers
Beans, carrot, cucumber,
kohlrabi, parsnip, onion,
squash
Rosemary Cabbage moth, bean
beetle, carrot fly
Beans, cabbage family plants,
carrot
Rue Japanese beetle Avoid skin contact; do not
plant near cabbage family
plants
Sage Cabbage moth, carrot fly Plant with perennial
vegetables; avoid planting
with cucumbers and rue
Salsify Carrot fly Carrot family plants
Southernwood
(Artemisia
abrotanum)
Cabbage moth, black aphids
Cabbage family plants or
make a southernwoodwater
solution to spray cabbage
Summer Savory Bean beetles Beans, onion
Tansy Flying insects, Japanese beetles,
striped cucumber beetles, squash
bugs, ants
Squash, potato; avoid
planting near collard
Thyme Cabbage worm Eggplant, cabbage, potato,
tomato, almost all vegetables,
and herbs

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Tomato Asparagus beetle Asparagus, dill, borage
Wormwood
(Artemisia
absinthium)
Carrot fly, white cabbage butterfly,
black flea beetle
Do not plant wormwood in
the vegetable garden, but
leaves used to make a spray
will deter insects.
g. Attractant
• Naturally - Fermented Attractant
* Sacrificial Plants
Example: Okra
h. Physical Structures- Provision of Net
4. Chemical Control - In organic agriculture, using of synthetic insecticides is discouraged.
Although it is efficient in controlling pests, it has a vast effect on the soil.
A. Insecticide
B. Fungicides
C. Herbicides
Both organic and conventional farmers use pesticides but, for the most part, organic growers
use natural pesticides rather than synthetic chemicals.
Examples of organic pesticides are garlic, onions, tobacco water, sulfur sprays, and many
more.
Organically formulated for organic agriculture are the concoctions like fermented plant juice
(FPJ), fermented fruit juice (FFJ), Oriental Herb Nutrient (OHN), Indigenous Micro-
Organisms, and many more. Natural attractants are an Organic way of controlling pests and
flying insects.
Effective Control Measures on Specific Pests “Management and Symptoms”
PESTS Symptoms Management
1.Cucurbit beetle  Adult’s gouge and
rasp fruit, especially
smooth melons, and
damage may be worse
on the shaded
undersides of fruit
contacting soil where
beetles congregate
 Monitor plants and
growing areas, including
the growing medium, for
any signs of pests.
 Use baited traps early in
the season where
cucumber beetles are
known to be a problem.

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2.Leaffolder 

Tubular folded leaves,
longitudinal and
transparent whitish
streaks on damaged
leaves, leaf
sometimes fastened
to the basal part of
the leaf.
 Use resistant varieties. 
Crop rotation  Avoid
ratooning.
 Flood or plow the area
after harvesting if
possible.
 Remove grassy weeds
from fields and borders.
 Reduce the density of
planting.
 Use balanced fertilizer
rates
3. Leaf Broad mites 

Leaf feeding
Dark brown edges at
the base of young
leaves
 Pruning of old and
damaged leaves.
 Smudging or smoking
using rice straw, rice hull,
or sawdust.
 Spraying of botanical
insecticides like hot
pepper, neem, or
kakawate extracts.
4. Shoot and fruit borer 



Stems of a seedling
are cut.
Leaves look like a
skeleton.
Holes are made in the
leaves.
Large holes are
present in the fruits
 Plow the field very well
after harvest and allow a
fallow period to prevent
the laying of eggs and to
expose the larvae or
deeply bury the pupa.
 Practice crop rotation
 Practice sanitation/clean
culture to eliminate
weeds.
 Spraying botanicals (neem
kernel extracts)
5. Fruit worm 


Presence of holes in
fruits
Yellowish in the color
of fruits
Leaf holes observed
 Collect and bury the
afflicted fruits and parts
of the plants.
 Spray OHN
What’s More

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Use of ORGANIC INSECTICIDES, PESTICIDES, and BACTERICIDES
A. Application of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)
• Acts as pesticide and fungicide against crawling insects
• Controls powdery and downy mildew
B. APPLICATION OF LACTIC ACID SERUM
• Controls dumping off.
• Controls bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt
C. LUY-A LUYA-AN (wild ginger) ROOT
• BREW - for rice pests and vegetables.
• Crush 1 kg of Luy-a-luya-an and soak in water.
• Squeeze and get the juice.
• Dilute the extract to 1 gal of water and spray on rice and vegetable.
D. RED PEPPER, LEMONGRASS, AND AGDAO LEAVES EXTRACT
• Pound the red or hot pepper, agdao leaves, and lemongrass and extract the
juice.
• Mix the extract and dilute 20 cc of the mixture to 4 liters of water.
• Spray on rice.
• This will be 87% effective against rice pests.
E. NEEM EXTRACT
• Effective against major pests such as worms, caterpillar, and black back
moth in crucifers (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, etc.)
• Crush neem fruit (green) and soak in water for a few hours; squeeze and
extract the juice, dilute in water at the dilution rate of 1:4.
F. TOBACCO WATER BREW
• Boil chopped stems of tobacco to water just enough to submerge it.
• Cool and mix the brew with water at the ratio of 1:4.
• Spray on vegetables if pest attack is serious (Fatal in eggplant, tomato, and
pepper).
G. DERRIS POWDER – SOAP DECOCTIONS – (effective against ring borer of citrus)
• Boil 120 grams of derris powder with 5 cups of rainwater add 300 grams
finely chopped detergent soap, as the soap dissolves pour 4 gallons of
rainwater.

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• Strain and let it cool. Spray in the surroundings of the affected trees during
daytime.
What I Have Learned
A. There are methods of controlling pests: Biological control, cultural control, mechanical
or physical control, and chemical control.
What I Can Do
Direction: Produce your simple organic herbicides using available materials and use them
to control pests. Observe what happened, make an observation report, and submit it to
your teacher.
1. Application of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN).
2. Application of Lactic Acid Serum (LAS).
3. Luy-a luy-ayan (wild ginger) root.
4. Red pepper, lemongrass, and agdao leave extracts. 5. Neem
extract
6. Tobacco water brew
7. Debris powder-soap decoctions
Assessment
Direction: Read and understand the statement. Write the word TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong, write your answers in your notebook.
____________1. One of the examples of pest is the army worm.
____________2. Crop rotation prevents the multiplication of pests.
____________3. A large group of pests attacking people are in the form of animals.
____________4. Biological control is the use of other living organisms to control pest.
____________5. Cutworms may climb the plant and feed on foliage and fruit.
II. Direction: Supply the correct term that best describes the statement. Write your answers
in your notebook.
___________1. Living organisms to suppress pest population and it is compatible
with other control methods.
___________2. Acts as pesticide and fungicide against crawling insects.
___________3. Farm operations that is favorable to crop production but
unfavorable to the pest.
___________4. Controls bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt.
___________5. Organically formulated for organic agriculture.

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Answer Key
Text References
https://science.jrank.org/pages/4901/Organic-Farming-Organic-methodsmanaging-
pests.html

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Competency-Based Learning Material for Third Year Horticulture NC II Pages 120122.
https://harvesttotable.com/insect-deterrent_plants/
Images
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