The document discusses the logical framework approach for project planning, which involves identifying objectives, expected results and activities, and defining objectively verifiable indicators and sources to measure progress. The logical framework matrix lays out the intervention logic in a table format with objectives in the first column and their corresponding indicators, sources of verification, and assumptions in subsequent columns. The process involves defining measurable indicators and data sources for each level of the project from overall objectives down to activities.

1. Project planning using the logical
framework approach
In the preparation of project proposal the logical framework approach is used as part of
more comprehensive method of Project Cycle Management (PCM) which facilitates
project development

2. What have you achieved?
The default problem has been identified
Context of the problem is understandable
Project idea that help solving a problem is identified
and discussed among all stakeholders
The project has clear and realistic goals
Target groups of the project are identified and
consulted

3. Logical Framework Matrix - meaning
• Logical framework approach has two phases:
• The analysis phase
• phase of planning and project management
• Logical framework Product of that process!
A table that contains:
– hierarchy of project objectives
– key external factors that affect the project
– ways that will be monitored and evaluate project
implementation
– basis for determining the necessary resources and budget

4. Order of logical framework
creation

5. Logical framework matrix
Numbers in boxes indicate the order of filling in the logframe, arrows indicate reverse
logical following
Description of the action Objectively verifiable Source and means of Assumptions
indicators of achievement verification
1 8 9
Overall objectives What are the key indicators What are the sources of
What are the overall broader related to the overall information for these
objectives to which the action objectives? indicators?
will contribute?
2 10 11 7
Specific objectives Which indicators clearly show What are the sources of Which factors and conditions outside
What specific objjective is the that the objective of the action information that exist or can of Beneficiary’s responsibility are
necessary to achieve that objective?
action intended to achieve to has been achieved? be collected? What are the (external coditions) Which risks
contribute to the overall methods requred to get this should be taken into consideration?
objectives? information?
3 12 13 6
Expected results What are the indicators to What are the sources of What external conditions must
The results are the output measure whether and to what information about action be met to obtain expected
envisaged to achieve the specific extent the action achieves the progress? results on schedule?
objective. What are the expected expected results?
results?
Enumerate them
4 14 15 5
Activities Means Costs What pre-conditions are
What are the key activities to What are the means required What are the action costs? required before the action
be carried on and in what to implement these activities, How are they classified? starts? What conditions
sequence in order to produce e.g. personnel, equipment, (breakdown in the Budget for outside the Beneficiary’s direct
the expected results? (group training, studies, supplies, the action) control have to be met for the
the activities by result) operational facilities, etc. implementation of the planned
activities?

6. Intervention logic
• The logical Framework must demonstrate reverse logic
as follows:
 If the funds are provided, it is possible to pay for the needed resources
 If the needed resources are available, it’s possible to implement the
activities
 If activities are carried out, the planned indicators for results can be
achieved
 If the result indicators are achieved, the planned results can be achieved
 If the results are achieved, the specific objective indicators can be
achieved
 If the SO indicators are achieved, The SO can be achieved
 If the SO is achieved, the project will achieve the overall object indicators
 If the OO indicators are achieved, the OO can be contributed
towards Look at the
previous
slide!

7. Step 1:
The formulation of a logical intervention
First column - from overall objectives to the activities (from top to the bottom)
Overall
objective
Specific Specific
objective objective
Result Result Result Result
Activities Activities Activities Activities Activities Activities Activities Activities
Look at the notes!

8. Completing the first column
Description of the action Objectively verifiable Source and means of Assumptions
indicators of achievement verification
1 8 9
Overall objectives What are the key indicators What are the sources of
What are the overall broader related to the overall information for these
objectives to which the action objectives? indicators?
will contribute?
2 10 11 7
Specific objectives Which indicators clearly show What are the sources of Which factors and conditions outside
What specific objjective is the that the objective of the action information that exist or can of Beneficiary’s responsibility are
necessary to achieve that objective?
action intended to achieve to has been achieved? be collected? What are the (external coditions) Which risks
contribute to the overall methods requred to get this should be taken into consideration?
objectives? information?
3 12 13 6
Expected results What are the indicators to What are the sources of What external conditions must
The results are the output measure whether and to what information about action be met to obtain expected
envisaged to achieve the specific extent the action achieves the progress? results on schedule?
objective. What are the expected expected results?
results?
Enumerate them
4 14 15 5
Activities Means Costs What pre-conditions are
What are the key activities to What are the means required What are the action costs? required before the action
be carried on and in what to implement these activities, How are they classified? starts? What conditions
sequence in order to produce e.g. personnel, equipment, (breakdown in the Budget for outside the Beneficiary’s direct
the expected results? (group training, studies, supplies, the action) control have to be met for the
the activities by result) operational facilities, etc. implementation of the planned
activities?

9. Completing the first column
The overall objective - shows the long-term Intervention
importance of the project for the target group and logic
the contribution of a priority program. A well- What are the overall broader
defined overall objective should be in accordance objectives to which the action
will contribute?
with the broader goals (watch out at the
consistency of the logical framework and an
application form).
Specific objectives - must be connected with the What specific objective is the
overall objective and demonstrate the improved action intended to achieve to
situation of target groups which are reached contribute to the overall objectives?
through the project until its completion.
Results - main products of the project that lead The results are the outputs envisaged to
to specific objectives and are based on the achieve the specific objective.
requirements of target groups and regions. We What are the expected results?
(enumerate them)
should not plan more than two results per
specific objective.
What are the key activities to be carried out
Activities - serve to achieve the project results.
One or group of activity must lead to one of the and in what sequence in order to produce
identified results. In this phase should include the expected results?
(group the activities by result)
only the most important activities.

10. An example of the completed overall objective, specific objectives, results
and activities - first column of the logframe!
Overall objectives are very broad in its scope. 99% of Intervention logic
the time that this objective should refer to the "global" Overall
Increasing the employability of blind people on the open
objective, something that most of the time reflects the objectives
labor market
overall objective of the program.
Specific objectives are "the real objectives of the 1. Increasing the level of working competence of blind
project", which means that they reflect what the Specific people
applicant is trying to achieve on the more specific way objectives
than overall objective. It should be used between 2
and 3 objectives. If you have more, combine them into 2. Sensitization of unemployed blind people and employers
related objectives that are broad in its scope.
1.1 Increased number of trained unemployed blind persons
Here you can see that the results relate to a Results 2.1 Increased awareness of the needs of blind people to
particular objective (result 1.1. relating to objective 1, their entry into the open labor market
the results 2.1 and 2.2 on objective 2) 2.2 Increased number of employers who have recognized the
potential of blind people
1.1.1 Education for blind
1.1.1.1 Organizing training if its necessary
Here you can see mentioned activities and their Activities 1.1.1.2 Implementation of training
sub-activities. Each activity is numbered and 2.1.1 Education about rights and opportunities for
refer directly to the result. Activity 1.1.1 refers to employment of blind persons in the OTR
the 1.1 result and so on. 2.1.1.1 Organizing workshops about the needs
2.1.1.2 Implementation of workshops
2.2.1 Increase awareness of employers
2.2.1.1 Organizing workshops for employers by employment
opportunities for blind people

11. Defining the schedule of activities and resources
The schedule of activities needs to Means:
be completed on the following way: • material and immaterial
resources (inputs) necessary to
• list the most important actions perform the planned activities
needed to implement the and project implementation
project
• determine the order in which
activities should be undertaken
• EXAMPLE - If the activity is: Necessary means for
• Consulting of foster children and implementation of activities are
youth hire an experts (social workers,
psychologists, psychiatrists)

12. Activities and Means/Resources
Description of the action Objectively verifiable Source and means of Assumptions
indicators of achievement verification
1 8 9
Overall objectives What are the key indicators What are the sources of
What are the overall broader related to the overall information for these
objectives to which the action objectives? indicators?
will contribute? The total budget goes
2 With each activity
10 11 by a particular category
7
Which factors and conditions outside
Specific objectives there isthe list ofclearly show
What specific objjective is thethat
a objective of the action
Which indicators What are the sources of
(eg or can
information that exist
human of Beneficiary’s responsibility are
resources)
necessary to achieve that objective?
expected means
action intended to achieve to has been achieved? be collected? What are the are (external coditions) Which risks
which prepared
contribute to the overall methods requred to get this should be taken into consideration?
objectives? needed to implement information? only after the budget is
3
that12activities 13 done
6
Expected results What are the indicators to What are the sources of What external conditions must
The results are the output measure whether and to what information about action be met to obtain expected
envisaged to achieve the specific extent the action achieves the progress? results on schedule?
objective. What are the expected expected results?
results?
Enumerate them
4 14 15 5
Activities Means Costs What pre-conditions are
What are the key activities to What are the means required What are the action costs? required before the action
be carried on and in what to implement these activities, How are they classified? starts? What conditions
sequence in order to produce e.g. personnel, equipment, (breakdown in the Budget for outside the Beneficiary’s direct
the expected results? (group training, studies, supplies, the action) control have to be met for the
the activities by result) operational facilities, etc. implementation of the planned
activities?

13. Example of Activities and Means/Resources
Activities Means/Resources Cost Assumptions
1.1.1 Education for blind
Human resources XX
1.1.1.1 Organizing training consultants, trainers,
Travels XX
about the needs equipment needed for
Equipment XX
training, transportation,
1.1.1.2 Implementation of catering, supplies Services XX
training
Other XX
2.1.1 Education about rights
and opportunities for There is a methodology for
Total XXX training
employment of blind people in
consultants, trainers, Required coaches are
the OTR
equipment needed for available
2.1.1.1 Organizing workshops training, transportation, Particular area for training is
about the needs catering, supplies available at the time and at a
2.1.1.2 implementation of price that is expected
workshops
2.2.1 Increase awareness of
consultants, trainers,
employers
equipment needed for
2.2.1.1 Organizing workshops training, transportation,
for employers by employment catering, supplies
opportunities for blind people

14. Objectively verifiable indicators and sources of verification –
second and third column of the logframe
Description of the action Objectively verifiable Source and means of Assumptions
indicators of achievement verification
1 8 9
Overall objectives What are the key indicators What are the sources of
What are the overall broader related to the overall information for these
objectives to which the action objectives? indicators?
will contribute?
2 10 11 7
Specific objectives Which indicators clearly show What are the sources of Which factors and conditions outside
What specific objjective is the that the objective of the action information that exist or can of Beneficiary’s responsibility are
necessary to achieve that objective?
action intended to achieve to has been achieved? be collected? What are the (external coditions) Which risks
contribute to the overall methods requred to get this should be taken into consideration?
objectives? information?
3 12 13 6
Expected results What are the indicators to What are the sources of What external conditions must
The results are the output measure whether and to what information about action be met to obtain expected
envisaged to achieve the specific extent the action achieves the progress? results on schedule?
objective. What are the expected expected results?
results?
Enumerate them
4 14 15 5
Activities Means Costs What pre-conditions are
What are the key activities to What are the means required What are the action costs? required before the action
be carried on and in what to implement these activities, How are they classified? starts? What conditions
sequence in order to produce e.g. personnel, equipment, (breakdown in the Budget for outside the Beneficiary’s direct
the expected results? (group training, studies, supplies, the action) control have to be met for the
the activities by result) operational facilities, etc. implementation of the planned
activities?

15. Definition of objectively verifiable indicators
and sources of their verification
It’s necessary to identify indicators (Second column) and their sources of
verification (Third column) for each level of objectives (from top to bottom)
Objectively verifiable indicators Source of verification
Measurable indicators of success Where and how to find the
(numbers, percentages) information about objectively
verifiable indicators
(statistical reports, surveys,
reports of various agencies,
offices, etc.)

16. Objectively verifiable indicators and sources of
verification – second and third column of the logframe
Indicators make intervention logic operative, measurable, and also provide:
- Verification of the sustainability of the project purpose and results
- Planning of resources (physical, personnel and financial)
- Monitoring of the project purpose, results and activities
- Examples: number of employees, number of printed maps and brochures,
the length of hiking trails, etc.
• Objectively verifiable indicators should be "SMART“:
• Specific - for objective that must be measured
• Measurable - either quantitatively or qualitatively
• Achievable – with acceptable costs
• Relevant in terms of information needed to measure the progress
• Time - bounded - so we know when we can expect objective that we want to achieve

17. Intervention logic Objectively verifiable indicators Sources of verification Assumptions
Indicators reflectbroader
What are the overall a
Overall objectives to which the action will What are the key indicators
measurable outcome of
objective contribute? related to the overall objectives?
the activities which
Increasing the employability of Increased employability of blind
confirm the
blind people on the open labor people by 5% within one year after
achievement of
market completion of the project
specified results is the
What specific objjective Which factors and conditions outside
action intended to achieve to Which indicators clearly show that of Beneficiary’s responsibility are
Specific contribute to the overall the objective of the action has What are the sources of necessary to achieve that objective?
objectives objectives? been achieved? information for these indicators? (external coditions)
1/3 of visitors receives the
1. Increasing the level of working certificate
competence of blind people
It was done 20 interviews for Project report
the employment of unemployed Which risks should be taken into
2. Sensitization of unemployed blind people. consideration?
blind people and employers
Results 30 unemployed blind people
1.1 Increased number of trained have passed the specific Sources of
unemployed blind persons training verification for Risks
2.1 Increased awareness of the 30 blind people have passed these indicators Blind unemployed people will not
needs of blind people to their the workshop and are ready be interested in this type of
entry into the open labor market for the job training
2.2 Increased number of Employers will have no interest
employers who have recognized Project reports, independent to inform and gain knowledge
At least 50 employers who surveys
the potential of blind people were on the stands about the potential of blind
people

18. Objectively verifiable indicators and sources of
verification – second and third column of the logframe
• The significance of objectively verifiable indicators is that the
collected information must be the same if they are collected
by different people (not subjective opinions)
• Objectively verifiable indicators are the basis for monitoring
and evaluating project
• They are formulated as responses to the question "How do
we know whether the plan is actually happening or has
happened? How to follow the success?"

19. Objectively verifiable indicators and sources of
verification – second and third column of the logframe
Source of verification should be taken into account at the same
time when formulate indicators. This will help to test whether
the parameters can be measured within the project. The
sources of verification must contain:
• How information should be collected (eg, from administrative
records, special studies, sample, surveys, observations, etc.)
and / or from the available documents (eg progress reports,
project accounts, official statistics, etc.)
• Who should collect / provide information (eg, contracted
research teams, a team of project management)
• When / how much regularly information should be receive
(monthly, quarterly, annually, etc.)

20. Example of Objectively verifiable indicators and
Sources of their verification
• If Objectively verifiable indicator is • Then Source of verification is
reduction of departures fostered
children and young people from
data from the archive of the
families with a current 30% to
Centre for Social Welfare
20-25% (reduction of 5-10%)

21. Defining the risks and assumptions - the fourth
column of the logframe
FOURTH COLUMN - defined assumptions (from bottom to top
for each level of objectives)
- Assumptions what could disrupt the implementation of the
project or affect its performance, and the fact that we can’t influence on that?
-To fill a column of assumptions is necessary:
-define the risks that are contained in each activity
-converting the identified risks in the assumptions
- Precondition is the assumption that must be filled in order
to started on the activities

22. Defining the risks and assumptions - the fourth
column of the logframe
Description of the action Objectively verifiable Source and means of Assumptions
indicators of achievement verification
Positive or negative external factors
1 8 9
Overall objectives What are the key indicators of the project
affecting the success What are the sources of
What are the overall broader related to the outside the influence of the
which are overall information for these
objectives to which the action objectives? They must be complied in
project. indicators?
will contribute?
order to succeeded the project (eg,
2 10
Specific objectives Which indicators
economic 11 are the sources of
political and clearly show situation in the
What
7
Which factors and conditions outside
What specific objjective is the country, weather conditions, etc.) exist or can
that the objective of the action information that of Beneficiary’s responsibility are
necessary to achieve that objective?
action intended to achieve to has been achieved? be collected? What are the (external coditions) Which risks
contribute to the overall methods requred to get this should be taken into consideration?
objectives? information?
Conditions
3 12 13 6
Expected results
outside ofare the sources of
What are the indicators to What
the What external conditions must
The results are the output projectinformation about action
measure whether and to what that will be met to obtain expected
envisaged to achieve the specific extent the action achieves the progress? results on schedule?
objective. What are the expected expected results? impact timing
results?
Enumerate them
4 14 15 5
Activities Means Which external
Costs What pre-conditions are
What are the key activities to What are the means required What are the action costs? required before the action
be carried on and in what conditions must be
to implement these activities, How are they classified? starts? What conditions
sequence in order to produce e.g. personnel, equipment, (breakdown in the Budget for outside the Beneficiary’s direct
the expected results? (group
complied before
training, studies, supplies, the action) control have to be met for the
the activities by result) implementation of
operational facilities, etc. implementation of the planned
activities?
planned activities?

23. Example of defining the risks and assumptions -
the fourth column of the logframe
Intervention logic Objectively verifiable indicators Sources of verification Assumptions
What are the overall broader
Overall objectives to which the action will What are the key indicators
objective contribute? related to the overall objectives?
Increasing the employability of Increased employability of blind
blind people on the open labor people by 5% within one year after
market completion of the project
What specific objjective is the Which factors and conditions outside
action intended to achieve to Which indicators clearly show that of Beneficiary’s responsibility are
Specific contribute to the overall the objective of the action has What are the sources of necessary to achieve that objective?
objectives objectives? been achieved? information for these indicators? (external coditions)
1/3 of visitors receives the Unemployed blind people will be
1. Increasing the level of working certificate interested in this type of training
competence of blind people
Which risks should be taken into
Project report consideration?
It was done 20 interviews for Employers will have no interest to
the employment of unemployed become informed and gain
2. Sensitization of unemployed blind people. knowledge about the potential of
blind people and employers blind people

24. Results 30 unemployed blind people
1.1 Increased number of trained have passed the specific
unemployed blind persons training Risks
2.1 Increased awareness of the 30 blind people have passed Blind unemployed people will
needs of blind people to their entry the workshop and are ready not be interested in this type of
into the open labor market for the job training
2.2 Increased number of employers Employers will have no interest
who have recognized the potential At least 50 employers who Project reports, independent to inform and gain knowledge
surveys about the potential of blind
of blind people were on the stands
people
Activities Means/Resources Cost Assumptions
1.1.1 Education for blind
Human resources
1.1.1.1 Organizing training about consultants, trainers,
Travels
the needs equipment needed for
Equipment
training, transportation,
1.1.1.2 Implementation of
catering, supplies Services
training
Other
2.1.1 Education about rights and There is a methodology for
opportunities for employment of Total training
blind people in the OTR consultants, trainers, Required coaches are
equipment needed for available
2.1.1.1 Organizing workshops Particular area for training is
training, transportation,
about the needs available at the time and at a
catering, supplies
2.1.1.2 implementation of price that is provided
workshops
2.2.1 Increase awareness of consultants, trainers,
employers equipment needed for
2.2.1.1 Organizing workshops training, transportation,
for employers by employment catering, supplies
opportunities for blind people