Planning is the process of making decisions about goals and activities for the future. It involves determining what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who will do it. Planning is important because it helps identify goals, ensures everyone understands the goals and their roles, and allows the organization to work towards goals in an accountable, resource-efficient way and to evaluate achievements. There are different approaches to planning like top-down, bottom-up, a composite approach, and a team approach. The composite approach combines top-down and bottom-up by having top executives provide guidelines and parameters for lower managers to formulate tentative plans, which are then reviewed and approved at the top. It engages more managers in

1. APPROACHES TO PLANNING
PLANNING AND BUDGETING
P R E S E N T E D T O : D R . J O S E F I N A B I T O N I O D P A
P R E S E N T E D B Y : H A Z E L R . C A R I A S O
M P A S T U D E N T

2. WARDIERE INC.
2022
Company
PLANNING
• is the conscious, systematic process of
making decisions about goals and activities
that an individual, group, work unit, or
organization will pursue in the future.
• it involves the task of deciding in advance:
⚬ What to do?
⚬ How to do it?
⚬ When to do it?
⚬ Who will do it?

3. WHY IS PLANNING
IMPORTANT?
• It helps us to identify our goals
clearly
• It helps us make sure that we all
understand our goal and what we
need to do to reach it by involving
everyone in the planning process
• It makes us all work in a goal-
oriented way rather than in a
loose or ad-hoc way.
• It helps us see in advance those
things that can help us achieve
our goal

4. WHY IS PLANNING
IMPORTANT?
5. It helps us to be accountable for
what we do.
6. It helps us decide how best to use
our resources.
7. It lays the basis for us to assess
and evaluate our achievements
effectively.

5. DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO
PLANNING
• Top-Down Approach
• Bottom-Up Approach
• Mixture of the Top-Down and
Bottom-Up Approaches/Composite
Approach
• Team Approach

6. DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO PLANNING

11. DIFFERENT APPROACHES
TO PLANNING
• a combination of top-bottom and bottom-
up approaches
• top executives provide guidelines,
parameters and limitations under which
middle and lower level managers are
expected to formulate tentative plans which
are communicated to top level managers
for review and approval
• top executives have the final authority for
making plans
COMPOSITE APPROACH

12. DIFFERENT
APPROACHES TO
PLANNING
• involving lower level managers in thinking
process and prepare tentative plans in given
parameters
ADVANTAGE OF COMPOSITE
APPROACH

13. DIFFERENT
APPROACHES TO
PLANNING
• more managers are involved in formulating
plans
• team of managers works as a brain of the
Chief Executive and suggests various
proposals
• useful when the task of preparing plans
requires specialized knowledge of different
areas
TEAM APPROACH

14. THANK YOU