The document provides guidance to students on developing a conceptual framework for their research study, including identifying key variables and concepts, understanding the relationship between elements, and visually representing these relationships in a concept map. Students are encouraged to anchor their framework in relevant theories and ensure it is aligned with their research questions. The goal is to help readers understand the overall scope and perspective of the study.

2. [An Applied Research]

8. Review the previous lesson/topic on the
Scope and Delimitation of the Study. Let t
he students answer the following activity(
ies).

9. Instructions: Find five synonyms of “scope” and “delimitation”. Then, a
nalyze and connect the gathered words in order to form the meanin
g of “Scope and Delimitation of the Study.
Synonyms Formed Meaning
Scope 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Delimitation 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

10. ANSWERS:
Synonyms Formed Meaning
Scope
1. Compass
2. Gamut
3. Orbit
4. Range
5. Sweep
"The extent that lies within the powers
of something (as to cover or control),"
scope is applicable to an area of activit
y, predetermined and limited, but some
what flexible.
It specifies the coverage of your study
such as variables, populations of partic
ipants, timeline.
Delimitation
1. Limitation
2. Bonds
3. Bounding
4. Bounds
5. Check
6. Circumscription
It cites factors of your study that are no
t included or excluded or those you will
not deal within your study.

11. A is commonly u
sed for studies that anchor on time-test
ed theories that relate the findings of t
he investigation to the
underpinning relevant theory of knowle
dge.
A refers to the actual ideas, beli
efs, and tentative theories that specifically
support the study. It is primarily a conception or mod
el of what is out there that the researcher
(Classroo

14.  Understand the variables included in y
our study as well as their relationship
with one another.
 Review the existing literature related to
your research topic.
 Using the information that you have gathered from the
literature, look for possible theories that may potentia
lly account for the expected results of your research top
ic.
 From these theories, select the one that is most relevan

15.  Identify the key concepts in your study
by referring to your research questi
ons or objectives.
 Search for existing theories that incorp
orate the same concept and look into
their relationships with one another.
 Using the existing theories as a guide, plot your concep
tual framework using a concept map.

16.  In case that there are concepts not cov
ered by the selected theories. Incor
porate them into your framework. How
ever, make sure that you are incorporat
ing this concept into your framework b
ecause it is necessary for your paper.
 After completing the initial draft of your conceptual fra
mework, write a narrative explanation of each concept
and how each of them relates to one another. Again, th
ere should be basis for the relationship between the co

17.  Refer once again to your research ques
tions. Check if the conceptual frame
work is aligned with them.
 Note that the process of creating a conceptual framewo
rk is developmental. This means that it may still be refin
ed or changed as you read more literature and look int
o more theories.
 In some cases, the research hypothesis is presented at t
he end of the conceptual framework.

18. A visual representation of information that helps s
how the relationship between ideas. Concept maps
begin with the main topic and then branch out int
o sub-topics, reflecting the connection of all the el
ements in the study. It can also provide and organi
ze new ideas.
lines circles boxes
marks symbols

19. Before creating your conceptual framework, you ha
ve to understand first the different variables of you
r study.
 The is the “presu
med cause” of the research problem.
 The is the “presume
d effect” of the research problem.
 The is an independ
ent variable which influences the direc
tion and the strength of the connection
between independent and dependen

20. Before creating your conceptual framework, you ha
ve to understand first the different variables of you
r study.
 The or
is an element that exists bet
ween the independent to the dependent
variable. An integral part of the cause-eff
ect relationship and helps us to understa
nd the effects of the independent v
ariable on the dependent variable. This is
also called as or

21. The Input-Process-Output Model (IPO) is a conceptual para
digm which indicates the , required , and th
e .
This is also referred to as a that is usuall
y used in action research where an intervention or solutio
n is necessary to solve the identified problem.
 The is usually the of
the study.
 The is the or
and analyses used to ac
quire the result.

22. A. Independent Variable - Dependent Variable Model (IV-DV)
This conceptual framework shows the independent and depen
dent variables of the study. It is presumed that the greater n
umber of hours a student prepares for the exam, the higher wo
uld be the expected academic performance.

23. B. The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)
This conceptual framework shows the input, process, and output appr
oach of the study. The input is the independent variable, which inclu
des the socio-demographic and food safety profile of the respondents
. The process includes the tools and analyses in gathering the data, w

24. Figure 1: A Conceptual Frame
work of Why Students Ch
oose to Study in Public R
ather Than in Private Sch
ools.
Figure 2: A Conceptual Framework
About What Matters to Stude
nts: The Perspectives on the
K-12 Basic Education Progra
m.

25. Instructions: Identify the following statements, whether it is true to bo
th theoretical and conceptual framework or not. Write (Y) for “yes” on
the left side of the statement if it is true to both while (T) for “theoreti
cal” and “C” if it is conceptual.
Answer Statement
Directly related to a specific study.
Overall view of the research study.
Considered as the blueprint of the research.
General frame of reference used in conducting the research.
Researcher’s idea of how the study will be explored.
Anchor in a particular theory existing already in the field.
Generalized in scope.
Guide in choosing an appropriate methodology.
Can be presented using both visual and narrative form.
Enable the readers to obtain a general understanding of the research study.
Considers the relevant theory underpinning the knowledge base of the pheno
menon.
It may synthesize one more theory.
Can monitor possible threats to the validity of the study.
It is more focused and narrower in scope.
Develop only during the planning stage of the study.

26. Instructions: You are given the title of the research study and the varia
bles in the framework. Designate which box or variable you are going
to place the different elements in the study. Make sure to identify only
the factors that can affect the result of the study. (Note that not all
of the elements are applicable.)
Medical Intervention and the Number of P
atients Recovering from Pneumonia
Elements/Factors
1. Health Care Facilities
2. Work Experience of the Med
ical Team
3. Medical intervention
4. Social Status of the Patient
5. Number of Patients Recover
ed from Pneumonia
6. Immune System of the Patie
nt
7. Patient’s Employment

27. Medical Intervention and the Number of P
atients Recovering from Pneumonia
Elements/Factors
1. Health Care Facilities
2. Work Experience of the Med
ical Team
3. Medical intervention
4. Social Status of the Patient
5. Number of Patients Recover
ed from Pneumonia
6. Immune System of the Patie
nt
7. Patient’s Employment

28. Instructions: You are given the title of the research study and the varia
bles in the framework. Designate which box or variable you are going
to place the different elements in the study. Make sure to identify only
the factors that can affect the result of the study. (Note that not all
of the elements are applicable.)
Effects of the Social Responsibility of a Co
rporation to its Organizational Perfor
mance
Elements/Factors
1. Organizational Performance
2. Total Number of Employees
3. Clients’ Loyalty
4. Corporate Social Responsibi
lity
5. Employee’s Dedication
6. Administrative Commitment
7. Corporate Business Location
8. Type of Business

29. Effects of the Social Responsibility of a Co
rporation to its Organizational Perfor
mance
Elements/Factors
1. Organizational Perf
ormance
2. Total Number of E
mployees
3. Clients’ Loyalty
4. Corporate Social Re
sponsibility
5. Employee’s Dedicat
ion
6. Administrative Com
mitment
7. Corporate Business
Location
8. Type of Business

30. Instructions: From the framework presented below, formulate the rese
arch title according to the elements and factors in the variables.
Give two (2) possible research titles that would reflect on the given va
riables. Write your answers on a separate answer sheet of paper.

31. Complete the crossword puz
zle below.
(printed copy will be provided – se
parate paper)

33. Instructions:
. Create an initial research framework for your research stu
dy. Consider the relationship between the concepts and variable
s in your research. Then prepare a concept map representing this r
elationship visually. Use the space below for your answer, or you
may use a separate paper if the space provided is not enough.
The group must
on the basis of their mai
n topic/problem/question(s) in mind to be studied i
n the research paper, the key factors, constructs
or variables and the presumed relationships among
them that is visually represented ideas into a serie
s of interrelated maps.

34. Can we make a framework or model of our own? Let’s give it a GO.
The group may use computer software (Cmap Tools v6.02 for Win
dows OS) or online application ( or
or or or
or )
. After finishing your map, describe it in no
more than ten (10) sentences. Use the space below f
or your answer, or you may use a separate paper if t
he space provided is not enough.

35. Figure 3: A Conceptual Framework
of the Factors Affecting the Stu
dents Decisions and Preference
s in Choosing a Track/Strand.
Figure 4: The Emotional Impacts o
f Bullying: A Case Study Amo
ng Grade 7 Students.

36. "Those who contemplate the beauty of the ea
rth
find reserves of strength that will endure
as long as life lasts."
☺ Rachel Carson ☺