Origin of the Universe and the Solar SystemNikoPatawaran
The most widely accepted theory of planetary formation, known as the nebular hypothesis, maintains that 4.6 billion years ago, the Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud which was light years across.
Origin of the Universe and the Solar SystemNikoPatawaran
The most widely accepted theory of planetary formation, known as the nebular hypothesis, maintains that 4.6 billion years ago, the Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud which was light years across.
This ppt contains:
Formation of the Universe
Formation of the Solar System
Earth and its subsystems
The flow of matter and energy across each subsystem
The rock cycle and major classification of rocks
Minerals and their properties
Exogenic Processes
This is a PowerPoint Presentation about Magmatism, a lesson in Earth and Life Science, First quarter for Grade 11/12 Students. This will help them understand the lesson and make them familiar with the topic.
Introduction to Life Science and The Theories on the Origin of LifeSimple ABbieC
I. Introduction to Life Science
II. The Concept of Life
III. Characteristics of Life
IV. Theories on the Origin of Life
V. Unifying Themes in the Study of Life
Lesson 2 We Are All Made of Star Stuff (Formation of the Heavy Elements)Simple ABbieC
Content: How the elements found in the universe were formed
Content Standard:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to demonstrate an understanding of:
the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during stellar evolution
the distribution of the chemical elements and the isotopes in the universe
Learning Competencies:
At the end of the lesson,
Give evidence for and describe the formation of heavier elements during star formation and evolution (S11/12PS-IIIa-2)
Write the nuclear fusion reactions that take place in stars that lead to the formation of new elements (S11/12PS-IIIa-3)
Describe how elements heavier than iron are formed (S11/12PSIIIa-b-4))
This ppt contains:
Formation of the Universe
Formation of the Solar System
Earth and its subsystems
The flow of matter and energy across each subsystem
The rock cycle and major classification of rocks
Minerals and their properties
Exogenic Processes
This is a PowerPoint Presentation about Magmatism, a lesson in Earth and Life Science, First quarter for Grade 11/12 Students. This will help them understand the lesson and make them familiar with the topic.
Introduction to Life Science and The Theories on the Origin of LifeSimple ABbieC
I. Introduction to Life Science
II. The Concept of Life
III. Characteristics of Life
IV. Theories on the Origin of Life
V. Unifying Themes in the Study of Life
Lesson 2 We Are All Made of Star Stuff (Formation of the Heavy Elements)Simple ABbieC
Content: How the elements found in the universe were formed
Content Standard:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to demonstrate an understanding of:
the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during stellar evolution
the distribution of the chemical elements and the isotopes in the universe
Learning Competencies:
At the end of the lesson,
Give evidence for and describe the formation of heavier elements during star formation and evolution (S11/12PS-IIIa-2)
Write the nuclear fusion reactions that take place in stars that lead to the formation of new elements (S11/12PS-IIIa-3)
Describe how elements heavier than iron are formed (S11/12PSIIIa-b-4))
Polysaccharides (Greek: Poly = many) or Glycans
Polysaccharides are polymers consisting of hundreds or
thousands of monosaccharide units. They are also called
glycans or complex carbohydrates. They may be either
linear, (e.g. cellulose) or branched, (e.g. glycogen) in
structure.
Interrelation and interdependence of biological science with other science.
Juin Mondal
M.Sc, B.Ed (2nd SEM)
Gandhi Centenary B.T College, habra
juinmandal@gmail.com
Oligosaccharides (Greek: oligo = few)
Oligosaccharides consist of a short chain of monosaccharide
units (2 to 10 units), joined together by a characteristic bond
called glycosidic bond which, on hydrolysis, gives two to
ten molecules of simple sugar (monosaccharide) units
still contains sentences that are hard to understand, such as Evo.docxrjoseph5
still contains sentences that are hard to understand, such as "Evolutionarily, endangered species preservation in the form of fossils and other forms indicates preservation of culture just as argued in the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973 whereby, organisms ought to be preserved even after death to mark their existence and evolution over the years." How do fossils apply to the ESA? And how can organisms be preserved after death, except in the case of museum specimens? From now on, please focus on explaining the ideas of our authors in your own words, rather than trying to sound "academic" or overly-complicated.
--
For next time, focus on answering the specific questions that are asked in the assignment. Rather than including information that appears to be from external sources, such as the genetically-oriented definition of evolution--which you NEED to cite to avoid committing plagiarism--this assignment should focus on the 3 Barrow rationales and relevant links from the Kingsland article.
Ecologists have long endeavored to improve ecologi-cal literacy. This goal goes beyond informing stu-
dents about environmental issues: one must excite their
interest in ecological science, regardless of whether or
not they intend to pursue the more advanced technical
and mathematical education that modern ecology
requires (Golley 1998). The challenge is to motivate
people to tackle difficult ecological problems. Fifty
years ago, G Evelyn Hutchinson (1953) observed that,
while students did not hesitate to dive into complicated
activities concerned with “electronic amplifiers and
with the explosive combustion of hydrocarbons”, they
traditionally viewed the majority of complex activities
as boring duties. “What we have to do”, Hutchinson
wrote, “is to show by example that a very large number
of diversified, complicated, and often extremely diffi-
cult constructive activities are capable of giving enor-
mous pleasure”. The kind of pleasure that Hutchinson
was thinking of involved the formulation of theory,
discovery, and problem-solving. Repairing the bios-
phere and the human societies within it, he believed,
ought to be as much fun as repairing the family car.
While people today are better informed about environ-
mental problems , engaging students in ecological
research and conveying what ecology is about to the
public is still challenging because of the complexity of
the science.
I will draw on historical examples to illustrate ways of
thinking that are characteristic of an ecological
approach to the study of nature. My list is by no means
complete. I touch only lightly on the classics of the eco-
logical canon, which are discussed elsewhere (Real and
Brown 1991; Keller and Golley 2000). Instead, I include
some lesser known examples from medical science to
highlight different contexts in which thinking ecologi-
cally has been important. Students should appreciate
that this kind of thinking integrates methods derived
from many fields of science an.
Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts, facilitating and accelerating chemical reactions within living organisms. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes, contributing to the maintenance and regulation of cellular functions. Here are key features and functions of enzymes:
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Earth and Life Sciences, MELCs (S11_12LT-IIa-1 and IIa-3)
1. Further, this learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Moreover, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
2. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
3. TRISTAN R. BABAYLAN
Faculty, Senior High School Department
Camaman-an National High School
Earth and Life Sciences
Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
4. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
CONTENT STANDARDS
The learners demonstrate understanding
of:
1. the historical development of the
concept of life;
2. the origin of the first life forms; and
3. unifying themes in the study of life.
5. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner should be able to:
value life by taking good care of all
beings, humans, plants, and animals.
6. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
After this lesson, the learners:
1. explain the evolving concept of life based on
emerging pieces of evidence; and
2. describes how unifying themes (e.g., structure and
function, evolution, and ecosystems) in the study of
life show the connections among living things and
how they interact with each other and with their
environment.
CG CODE:
7. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected
to:
1) Define life.
2) Identify pieces of evidences on how life brought
into being.
3) Describe the connections of unifying themes in
the study of life.
4) Explain the different unifying themes and the
evolving concept of life to the interaction of
living things with their environment.
CG CODE:
8. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activation of Prior Knowledge
[Present New Lesson(s)]
CG CODE:
9. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Lessons
[Variety of Living Things Exist on Earth, They are All
Alike in Several Ways]
CG CODE:
10. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
Instructions: Find the secret message by
answering the 18 guide questions below. Choose
your answer from the table (cell’s organelles with
corresponding letter). Write only the
corresponding letter to each box below (with
corresponding number) to answer the riddle.
Riddle: Did you hear the one chemist who was
reading a book about helium? CG CODE:
11. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
CG CODE:
12. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
1. It is a jelly-like fluid structure inside the cell
that provides an area of movement for all
dissolved molecules that keep the cell
working.
2. A structure found in the nucleus that helps
produce ribosomes.
3. It is a thin layer around the cell but not a rigid
one. It has openings to allow transportation
and exchange of materials.
CG CODE:
13. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
4. When a cell needs energy, it brings in nutrients
and break it down and supply energy to the
cell.
5. Cell storage
6. It helps produce food for plants and absorbs
light energy from the sun and use it to convert
C02 and H20 into sugar and oxygen.
7. It is the digestive system in an animal cell
because it contains enzymes that break down
CG CODE:
14. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
8. An organelle that serves as the transport
system.
9. They do the DNA synthesis and direct the
genetic information of the cell. These are
made of DNA and found in the nucleus and
usually in pairs.
10.Brain of the cell.
11.These build proteins in the cell and can be
found in several places in the cells which
includes in the cytosol and on the endoplasmic
CG CODE:
15. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
12.It is only found in the plant cells that support
the plant which is also made of specialized
sugar called cellulose.
13.It gathers molecules and make them more
complex. It also stores them or send them into
the cytosol or out of the cell. This organelle
also processes the proteins produced by the
endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes.
14.It does not contain cell wall.
CG CODE:
16. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
15.An organism made up of one cell.
16.Organism composed of many cells.
17.An organism with true nucleus.
18.An organism that lacks nucleus.
CG CODE:
17. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
1. H 7. D 13. I
2. E 8. N 14. T
3. C 9. T 15. D
4. O 10. P 16. O
5. U 11. U 17. W
6. L 12. T 18. N
ANSWER
S
Message/Riddle
HE COULDN'T PUT IT
DOWN
CG CODE:
18. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Guide Question: Unlocking Connections
1) What about viruses? Coronavirus (COVID-19
virus) is a good example. Of the organelles
and/or structures mentioned/stated previously,
which of which viruses do have?
Elaborate/Explain your answer.
CG CODE:
19. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
CG CODE:
20. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
1) What about viruses? Coronavirus (COVID-19
virus) is a good example. Of the organelles
and/or structures mentioned/stated previously,
which of which viruses do have?
Elaborate/Explain your answer.
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the
genetic material. A virus is an infectious microbe consisting of a
segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a
protein coat. A virus cannot replicate alone; a non-living
collection of molecules that need a host to survive, and use
components of the host cell to make copies of itself – of its OWN.
ANSWER
S
CG CODE:
21. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
CG CODE:
3D Model
22. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
CG CODE:
3D
Animation
23. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
Instructions: The use of 4 pictures that will serve
as clues, and student will try to guess what is
being defined or described by those pictures by
using one word.
CG CODE:
24. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
CG CODE:
25. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
INTERACT
CG CODE:
26. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
ENERGY
CG CODE:
27. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
GROWTH
CG CODE:
28. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
ORGANISM
CG CODE:
29. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
CELL
CG CODE:
30. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
The study of life in general is very wide. It also helps
us to understand this vastness, which we call .
The unifying themes in the study of life are
organization, information, energy and matter,
interactions, and evolution. The study of organisms
ranges from macro to micro or vice versa. This means
that the study of life can be from the Earth as a planet
that can host life to the molecular level that
comprises that life – maintaining to
survive in the diverse environments. The good thing,
however, is that these large chunks of concept can be
broken into smaller ones. Let us explore quickly these
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31. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
Instructions: Arrange the different biological
levels of organization from the simplest to the
most complex (in ascending order). Assign a
number to show the rank of each level (1 –
simplest to 11 – most complex). You can be
creative in writing your answers to the activity.
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32. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
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33. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
ANSWER
S
1. Molecule
2. Organelle
3. Cell
4. Tissue
5. Organ
6. Organ System
7. Organism
8. Population
9. Community
10.Ecosystem
11.Biosphere
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34. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Guide Questions:
Let Your Thoughts Do the Talking
1) Ask the students to recall the word “BIOLOGY” and ask
them to give the definition or ask any idea about the
word.
2) Define or describe the Themes of Life. Unifying
Themes of Life: Evolution, Genetics, & Biochemistry.
3) What is the importance of studying Biology?
4) What about the viruses, do they follow the unifying
themes of life as that of the living organisms? Why?
CG CODE:
35. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
1) Ask the students to recall the word “BIOLOGY”
and ask them to give the definition or ask any
idea about the word.
The study of living organisms, divided into many
specialized fields that cover their morphology,
physiology, anatomy, processes, behavior,
and distribution.
ANSWER
S
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36. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
2) Define or describe the Themes of Life. Unifying
Themes of Life: Evolution, Genetics, & Biochemistry.
Evolution explains the Unity and Diversity of Life. A
gradual process in which something changes over time
into different and more complex or better forms.
Genetics explains how organisms manifest different
traits and characteristics; and why offspring (refers to a
child or baby of the parent organism) look like, but are
not identical to, their parents and is a unifying
biological principle.
ANSWER
S
CG CODE:
37. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
2) Define or describe the Themes of Life. Unifying
Themes of Life: Evolution, Genetics, &
Biochemistry.
Biochemistry explains the chemical processes
occurring in living organism and the transfer and
consumption of energy. This involves the
application of chemistry to the study of biological
processes at the cellular and molecular level.
ANSWER
S
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38. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
3) What is the importance of studying Biology?
As a field of science, biology helps us understand
the living world and the ways its many species
(including humans) function, evolve, and interact
among themselves and others; and the
surrounding environment. Advances in medicine,
agriculture, biotechnology, and many other areas
of biology have brought improvements in the
.
ANSWER
S
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39. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
4) What about the viruses, do they follow the
unifying themes of life as that of the living
organisms? Why?
Viruses don’t follow the unifying themes of life
for they are considered a non-living entity in the
ecosystems. Viruses are simply an obligate
intracellular parasite, infectious agents
require the presence of a living host cell of
animals, plants, or bacteria in order to multiply.
The name itself comes from a Latin word
ANSWER
S
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40. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
4) What about the viruses, do they follow the
unifying themes of life as that of the living
organisms? Why?
Coronavirus (COVID-19 Virus) is just one of the
many viruses already identified by man. A kind of
common virus that causes an infection in your
nose, sinuses, or upper throat.
.
ANSWER
S
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41. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
In an ecosystem, we see interaction at a macro
level. Every organism interacts with other
organisms, and with the abiotic environment as
and viruses are just one of those entities. The
interaction ensures that the ecosystem continues
to thrive through having a .
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42. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Guide Questions:
Instructions: Students should be provided with
opportunities to assess their own learning and the
learning of others through the following
questions:
1. Based from those Different themes in the
study of life, what do you think is the reason
that some of the themes seems unrelated but
still unified in one topic, how does it connect
CG CODE:
43. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Instructions: Students should be provided with
opportunities to assess their own learning and the
learning of others through the following
questions:
2. As a human being, how can you show of giving
importance to this so called “Life”?
3. In this perspective, what have you learned
about COVID-19? Explain and elaborate your
answers.
CG CODE:
44. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
1. Based from those Different themes in the study
of life, what do you think is the reason that
some of the themes seems unrelated but still
unified in one topic, how does it connect to the
importance in studying biology?
In study of life, there is an array of biological
characteristics or properties and certain theme
about how the living world works that are
discussed. These properties are shared by all
living things passed down over billions of years
from the first organisms to have evolved on
ANSWER
S
CG CODE:
45. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
1. Based from those Different themes in the study
of life, what do you think is the reason that
some of the themes seems unrelated but still
unified in one topic, how does it connect to the
importance in studying biology?
The characteristics common to all living things that are
considered in the study of life are having complex
chemistry, cellular organization, metabolism & energy
processing, homeostasis, growth & development,
reproduction, heredity, response to their environment,
and the ability to adapt. Sometimes non-living things
(including viruses) can portray some of the above
ANSWER
S
CG CODE:
46. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
2. As a human being, how can you show of giving
importance to this so called “Life”?
We are just like any other living being on this
planet. We are born and we die. We make it
important because we show more and
and we show it physically and we
express those. We are the only species that can lay
claim to the earth's resources, and create or
destroy habitats. We alone can transform nature's
materials into great machines and complex
structures that enhance our own existence, as well
ANSWER
S
CG CODE:
47. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
2. As a human being how can you show of giving
importance to this so called “Life”?
We can manipulate the very elements at
microscopic levels, and harness nature's
fundamental forces in ways that enable us to
emulate the characteristics and natural abilities
other creatures. Thus, we can fly higher than any
and move through or across water faster than any
sea creature.
That’s what makes us feel important because of
, , and .
ANSWER
S
CG CODE:
48. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
3. In this perspective, what have you learned
about COVID-19? Explain and elaborate your
answers.
Masks are useful tools
Young, healthy people are not invulnerable
We shouldn’t panic about contaminated
surfaces
The virus can be airborne
People can be infected more than once
Heat and humidity don’t protect against the
virus
ANSWER
S
CG CODE:
49. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
3. In this perspective, what have you learned
about COVID-19? Explain and elaborate your
answers.
Children can spread the virus
Super-spreaders are a major threat
People can develop ‘long COVID’
Telehealth might become the new normal
Vaccines are powerful tools
Everyone is not treated equally, especially in
a pandemic
ANSWER
S
CG CODE:
50. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
3. In this perspective, what have you learned
about COVID-19? Explain and elaborate your
answers.
We need to take mental health seriously
We have the capacity for resilience
Fake news and misinformation can be
dangerous
ANSWER
S
CG CODE:
51. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Activity:
Instructions: Complete the
concept map below by
adding the following terms:
adaptation, atom, cell,
community, ecosystem,
energy, development,
individual, molecule, organ,
organization, organ system,
population, reproduction,
response, tissue. Be creative
CG CODE:
52. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Take-aways:
Make an essay about the importance of studying
life in relation on how to solve this COVID-19
pandemic we are facing.
[Written Works #03]
CG CODE:
53. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
CG CODE:
54. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Quiz:
Instruction: In order to answer each of the
question being ask, students need to re-arrange
or unscramble the clue to make a meaningful
word. You may write your answers on separate
sheet of paper.
CG CODE:
55. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Quiz:
1. It is described as the ability of organism to produce
their own kind.
Clue: ERIRTUNPCODO
2. A large group of viruses that cause diseases in
humans ranging from the common cold to more
severe ailments.
Clue: CRSARUVNIOO
3. The process by which genetic information is passed
on from parent to child. This is why members of the
same family tend to have similar characteristics.
Clue: RNATHCENEII
CG CODE:
56. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Quiz:
4. It consists of all the organisms and the physical
environment within which they interact. These
biotic and abiotic components are linked together
through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
Clue: EESMYTCSOS
5. The study of the chemical substances and processes
that occur in plants, animals, and microorganisms
and of the changes they undergo during
development and life.
Clue: EIMSBRHICTOY CG CODE:
57. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Quiz:
6. Theory in biology postulating that the various types
of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth
have their origin in other preexisting types and that
the distinguishable differences are due to
modifications in successive generations.
Clue: NVLOOITEU
7. The scientific study of genes and heredity of how
certain qualities or traits are passed on from parents
to offspring as a result of changes in RNA or DNA
sequence.
Clue: IECGSTNE
CG CODE:
58. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Quiz:
8. These are part of the cell which are responsible for
function and integrity. Some are membrane bound while
others are not.
Clue: ASGREEONLL
9. Any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined
nucleus. A compartmentalized cell that contains
organelles such as a nucleus and mitochondria.
Clue: RAICKUOTYE
10.Having, made up of, or involving more than one and
usually many cells especially of living matter.
Clue: LLMELUARUCTLI CG CODE:
59. Subject Description
This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents
the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns,
and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study
of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
Quiz:
ANSWER
S
1. REPRODUCTION
2. CORONAVIRUS
3. INHERITANCE
4. ECOSYSTEMS
5. BIOCHEMISTRY
6. EVOLUTION
7. GENETICS
8. ORGANELLES
9. EUKARYOTIC
10.MULTICELLULA
R
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60.
61.
62. Earth and Life Science, Quarter 2 - Module 10 [Organ Systems]
Unifying Themes of Life
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/holy-cross-of-davao-
college/bachelor-of-secondary-education/unifying-themes-of-
life/27937502
What is meant by unifying themes in the study of life?
https://www.quora.com/What-is-meant-by-unifying-themes-in-the-
study-of-life?share=1
https://a3biology1.weebly.com/unifying-themes-of-biology.html
Characteristics of Life and Unifying Themes in Life Science
https://prezi.com/puk-usszai_0/characteristics-of-life-and-unifying-
themes-in-life-science/
63. Why is biology important?
https://www.britannica.com/science/biology#:~:text=physiology%2C
%20and%20zoology.-
,Why%20is%20biology%20important%3F,in%20the%20quality%20of%
20life.
https://www.luther.edu/biology/major/why-study/
What is the purpose of Human Life?
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-is-the-purpose-of-human-
life#:~:text=The%20purpose%20of%20life%20is,key%20to%20a%20su
ccessful%20life.
https://www.quora.com/How-important-is-a-human-life
Glossary of Biological Terms & Definitions
https://biologywise.com/biology-glossary-of-terms-definitions