This document discusses and compares quantitative and qualitative research methods. It provides definitions and characteristics of each type of research. Quantitative research uses statistical tools and measurements to test hypotheses, while qualitative research explores phenomena through interviews, observations and narratives to develop theories. Both approaches can be useful depending on the goals and nature of the research being conducted.

1. PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
Lesson 3:
Quantitative and Qualitative Research

2. Directions: Read and analyze each item. Write
QL if it is a characteristic of Qualitative
Research and QN for Quantitative. Write your
answers on your notebook.

3. _____ 1. This design seeks to confirm a hypothesis
about some phenomena – What? and How many?
_____ 2. It is a systematic subjective approach to
describe life experiences and give them meaning.
_____ 3. This research is highly structured and
uses statistical tools to gather and interpret data.
_____ 4. It seeks to explore, explain and
understand some phenomena – What? and Why?
_____ 5. This design asks close ended questions
and examine cause and effect relationships.

4. Quantitative
and
Qualitative
Research

5. Quantitative & Qualitative Research
There are two broad categories of
research methodology: qualitative
and quantitative research. The
research method determines the
approach the researcher takes in
identifying relevant data for the
research and collecting and
analyzing the information gathered
in the research. Choosing either a
quantitative or qualitative approach
will affect the components of the
research.

6. Quantitative & Qualitative Research
For instance, a researcher may
choose to undertake a scientific
research. If he or she takes a
qualitative approach, the goal of the
study will be to discuss and analyze
the underlying concepts and
theories related to the research
topic. If the researcher chooses a
quantitative approach, he or she will
use statistical data to provide an
explanation of the phenomenon.

7. Different perspectives
on the subject have
been adopted that
resulted in the
following definitions:
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Objectives It aims to create new
theory based on the
gathered data.
A fact-finding
research used to gain
understanding of
individual differences
in terms of feelings
and experiences.
The purpose is to test
a hypothesis or theory.
Measures problem
using rating scale and
other research
parameters of group
similarities.

8. Different perspectives
on the subject have
been adopted that
resulted in the
following definitions:
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Data
Description
• natural setting
• making stories out
of a certain
phenomenon.
• Uses pictures,
words, sentences,
paragraphs,
compositions,
narrations and
short stories
• measurement
setting
• performs measures
out of a certain
phenomenon.
• Uses numbers,
scales, hypotheses,
calculations,
computations and
statistics tools.

9. Different perspectives
on the subject have
been adopted that
resulted in the
following definitions:
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Sample (size) • Small judgment (by
decision) sampling
• Large sample
representatives of
population

10. Different perspectives
on the subject have
been adopted that
resulted in the
following definitions:
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Data
Gathering
• Unstructured or semi
structured (flexible
processes)
• Uses interviews,
participant observation,
group discussions.
• Uses open ended
questions. It is a freeform
survey questions allow a
participant to answer in
open-text format,
responses are unlimited to
a set of options.
• Standardized /Structured
• Uses census, survey
questionnaire, checklist,
paper-pencil test and
experimentation.
• Uses closed ended
questions. This questions
can only be answered by
selecting from a limited
number of options, usually
“multiple-choice”, “yes or
no”, or a rating scale

11. Different perspectives
on the subject have
been adopted that
resulted in the
following definitions:
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Activities • Inductive
• The researcher starts
with the observations,
an open mind without
biases, gathering all
exact details of the
topic and
generalization or new
theory is given
towards the end of the
research process.
• Deductive
• Starts from a
hypothesis or already
created theory
emphasizing the
previously researched
phenomenon from
different views (tested
against observations).

12. Different perspectives
on the subject have
been adopted that
resulted in the
following definitions:
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Data
discussions
and
Presentation
• Uses both inductive and deductive They are not
mutually exclusive with each other in research.
Inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the
researcher starts discussions from the lowest and
highest means then explains the overall mean.
Deductive or “top-down “if discussion is from the
overall mean going to the lowest and highest means,
deductive.
• Opinions are based on
experience or
observation.
• There are no criteria
used in data discussions.
• Opinions are based on
laws, rules, or other
recognized principles.

13. Different perspectives
on the subject have
been adopted that
resulted in the
following definitions:
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Data
Analysis
• Synthesize data,
interpret,
thematic.
• Subjective
• Data analysis is
influenced by the
personal
experiences and
views.
• Statistical
• Objective
• The researcher
employs
standard criteria
in analyzing data

14. Different perspectives
on the subject have
been adopted that
resulted in the
following definitions:
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Outcome • Cultivates
understanding
with high validity.
There are no
conclusions
formulated.
• Endorse a
development. Has
high output
replicability.
Conclusion is
formulated
towards the end of
the research
process.

15. Different perspectives
on the subject have
been adopted that
resulted in the
following definitions:
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Types • Ethnography
• Grounded Theory
• Case Study
• Discourse Analysis
• Phenomenology
• Historical Research
• Experimental
1. Pre-Experimental
2. True Experimental
3. Quasi-Experimental
• Non Experimental
(Survey Research)
1. Descriptive Research
2. Comparative Research
3. Correlational Research
• Action Research

16. Similarities:
Qualitative
Research and
Quantitative
Research

17. 1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation.
2. Both improve life and help us in understanding various
issues of life and in giving solutions to our problems
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new problem.
4. Both use textual forms in analyzing and interpretation of
data.
5. Both use inductive and deductive methods of
presenting data.

18. Decide whether the following topics or research
questions is qualitative or quantitative. Explain
why and what is your basis.
1. Culinary Arts: Then and Now
2. How do the TVL students feel about their
chosen strand?
3. What is the degree of satisfaction of students
taking the different SHS? Tracks?
4. The Why and How of Social Networking Use
5. The Level of Social Media Addiction among
the Youth.

19. Directions: Read the following
examples and decide whether
the statement can be studied
using Quantitative or Qualitative
research.
Write QN for Quantitative and QL
for Qualitative.

20. _____ 1. Maria wanted to find out why some children
frequently misbehaves.
_____ 2. Drinking two tablets of paracetamol is more
effective than one.
_____ 3. A business owner wants to know if his
company is performing well compared to his
competitors.
_____ 4. Coping mechanisms when losing a loved
one
_____ 5. How much water is absorbed by different
brands of tissue?