This document provides an overview of different types of reports and their structures. It discusses technical/business reports, field reports, and scientific reports. Technical/business reports are used in applied fields like engineering and communicate information to help people understand products/services. Field reports are used in social sciences and require analyzing observations of real-world people/events. Scientific reports clearly communicate findings from empirical investigations using a standard format. The document also outlines the typical parts of a research report, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, and others. It provides guidance on how to effectively structure each section.
Language Used in Academic Texts from Various Disciplines.pptxCendz Flores
"Explore the diversity of language used in academic writing across various disciplines! This presentation takes a closer look at the language used in texts from fields such as science, humanities, social sciences, and more. See how each discipline has its own unique linguistic features and conventions that shape the way knowledge is communicated.
Crafting a top-notch reaction, review, or critique paper goes beyond summarizing the content of the material being analyzed. It involves critical thinking and effective writing skills to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the ideas presented. Mastering the art of critical thinking and effective writing is essential to producing a well-structured and articulate response. The process involves identifying the main points, arguments, and evidence presented, assessing their validity and relevance, and organizing thoughts coherently. Using proper grammar and punctuation and incorporating a personal perspective is also crucial to producing an outstanding paper. By following these tips, one can elevate their writing skills and create a piece that showcases their critical thinking ability and understanding of the material.
This file contains an information about reaction paper, review paper, and critique paper. this lesson enables learners to be familiarize about the differences of those writings and apply it to real life-situations. Reaction paper is a type of writing that contains information about one's reaction. Review paper is an assessment tool used by the reviewer. Critique paper contains judgement about something or someone.
Language Used in Academic Texts from Various Disciplines.pptxCendz Flores
"Explore the diversity of language used in academic writing across various disciplines! This presentation takes a closer look at the language used in texts from fields such as science, humanities, social sciences, and more. See how each discipline has its own unique linguistic features and conventions that shape the way knowledge is communicated.
Crafting a top-notch reaction, review, or critique paper goes beyond summarizing the content of the material being analyzed. It involves critical thinking and effective writing skills to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the ideas presented. Mastering the art of critical thinking and effective writing is essential to producing a well-structured and articulate response. The process involves identifying the main points, arguments, and evidence presented, assessing their validity and relevance, and organizing thoughts coherently. Using proper grammar and punctuation and incorporating a personal perspective is also crucial to producing an outstanding paper. By following these tips, one can elevate their writing skills and create a piece that showcases their critical thinking ability and understanding of the material.
This file contains an information about reaction paper, review paper, and critique paper. this lesson enables learners to be familiarize about the differences of those writings and apply it to real life-situations. Reaction paper is a type of writing that contains information about one's reaction. Review paper is an assessment tool used by the reviewer. Critique paper contains judgement about something or someone.
In this ppt viewer will be able to know about how to write the report for the particular research. There are ethics to write means it should be easily understandable to the audience. Need to keep in mind that who is going to be audience.
Portion covered:
1. Characteristics of a Research Report
2. Types of Research Report
3. Importance of a Research Report
4. Guide to Writing a Research Report
5. Structure of a Research Report
6. Tips for Writing a Research Report
7. How to Gather Research Data for Your Report?
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. VOCABULARIES:
•Scholar - a specialist in a particular
branch of study, especially the
humanities; a distinguished academic.
•Essay - a short piece of writing on a
particular subject.
•Hard sciences - any of the natural or
physical sciences, as chemistry, biology,
physics, or astronomy, in which aspects of
the universe are investigated by means of
hypotheses and experiments.
4. Many scholars have defined report
as any informational work made with
an intention to relay information or
recounting certain events in a
presentable manner. These are often
conveyed in writing, speech,
television, or film. Moreover,
considering report as an
administrative necessity, hence, most
official form of information or work
5. Note that report is always written
in a sequential manner in order of
occurrence. A key feature of report
is that it is formally structured in
sections. Hence, the use of sections
makes it easy for the reader to
jump straight to the information
they need.
6. Unlike an essay which is written in a
single narrative style from start to finish,
each section of a report has its own
purpose and will need to be written in an
appropriate style to suit – for example, the
methods and results sections are mainly
descriptive, whereas the discussion section
needs to be analytical
7. Reports communicate information
which has been compiled as a result of
research and analysis of data and of
issues. Please note however that
reports can cover a wide range of
topics, it’s usually focus on
transmitting information with a clear
purpose, to a specific audience.
8. In this sense, you can come up
with your own definition of
report as, “a systematic,
articulate, and orderly
presentation of research work in
a written form”.
10. Good reports are documents that are
accurate, objective and complete. They
should also be well-written, clearly
structured and expressed in a way that
holds the reader's attention and meets
their expectations
12. [1]TECHNICAL AND BUSINESS
disciplines with an applied focus such as
Engineering, Information Technology,
Commerce, Accounting and Finance, will set
report writing assignments that simulate the
process of report writing in industry.
Assignments are set in the form of a problem or
a case study.
13. Technical writing is form of writing technical
communication or documentation in science and
technology or applied science that helps people
understand a product or service. It’s main
purpose is to inform and to trigger the person
into action such as purchasing a product or
service. Its purpose may also be instruct
persuade, but never to entertain.
14. •The content is factual and straightforward.
•It is expressed in formal, standard or academic
language.
•The write-up uses a specialized vocabulary and
follows a set of rules and conventions.
•It is also organized in a sequential or systematic
pattern. It is detail-oriented and require advance
knowledge in the specific field.
15. The tone of technical writing
output is objective and its
audience is specific uses
language to evoke either an
emotional or intellectual
response from the audience or
reader.
16. Examples of technical writing are end
user documentation like user manuals
that accompany cellular phones,
personal computers.
17. [2]FIELD REPORTS
common in disciplines such as Law,
Industrial Relations, Psychology, Nursing,
History and Education. These types of reports
require the student to analyse his or her
observations of phenomena or events in the
real world in light of theories studied in the
course.
18. The purpose of a field report in the social
sciences is to describe the observation of
people, places, and/or events and to analyze
that observation data in order to identify What
are the different types of report writing? What
are its purposes? Who are its target audience?
How is a particular type of report being written?
19. Field reports are assigned with the intention
of improving your understanding of key
theoretical concepts by applying methods
of careful and structured observation of,
and reflection about, people, places, or
phenomena existing in their natural
settings.
20. WHEN WRITING A FIELD REPORT YOU NEED TO:
•Systematically observe and accurately record
the varying aspects of a situation.
•Continuously analyze your observations.
Always look for the meaning underlying the
actions you observe.
21. •Keep the report’s aims in mind while you are
observing. Recording what you observe should
not be done randomly or haphazardly; you
must be focused and pay attention to details.
•Consciously observe, record, and analyze what
you hear and see in the context of a
theoretical framework. This is what separates
data gatherings from reporting.
22. [3]SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
They are common in all the Sciences
and Social Sciences. These reports use a
standard scientific report format in
describing methods, results and
conclusions to report upon an empirical
investigation.
23. The purpose of a science report is to clearly
communicate your key message about why
your scientific findings are meaningful. In
order to do this, you need to explain why you
are testing a hypothesis, what methodology
you used, what you found, and why your
findings are meaningful.
24. The scope and style of reports varies
widely. It depends on three key factors:
the report's intended audience, the
report's purpose and the type of
information/subject to be communicated.
25. THOSE ARE THE
COMMON TYPES OF
REPORT. AMONG THE
THREE, WHICH ONE IS
FAMILIAR AND EASIER
FOR YOU?
26. Now, one good example of report that you
should know which is commonly used in the
field of hard sciences is referred as Research
Report. Here’s why. Writing report is highly
scary to neophytes in the field of research.
28. INTRODUCTORY PHASE
• Introduction is as important as the main
parts of a research report. It contextualizes
and sets the tone and direction of research
writing. It is like a road map that guides
you in your research journey.
29. According to Reidman (2001), it answers the
following questions:
• What was I was studying?
•What did we know about this topic before we
study?
•And, how this study advance new knowledge
or new ways of understanding?
30. Moreover, the introduction encapsulates
background information about the topic as it
provides discussion on the purpose of the study,
research problem with hypothesis and research
questions and briefly touches on the methods to
be applied in investigating the research problem,
and outcomes of the study. It also covers
discussion on how paper is organized.
31. As suggested by Silverman (2006),
research report starts with four elements
including: title; abstract; list of contents,
and introduction. Below is a brief
description of each element.
32. RESEARCH TITLE
•A research title has to get the attention of the
readers. In other words, it must be “catchy.”
Being catchy does not mean sacrificing the
main message or idea of your report. Hence,
according to Silverman (2006, 339) choose “a
title that catches the reader’s attention while
properly informing them about the main
focus on your research.”
33. •Silverman (2006, 206) is suggesting a “two-part
title” containing a stimulating title applying a
present participle signifying action and a
subtitle which is more descriptive. Example:
Stimulating title: Have you ever experience
being bullied? Descriptive title: A study on the
perception of the victims of bullying in the
primary schools.
34. RESEARCH ABSTRACT
• It is a vital component of a report as it
provides the readers with a snap view of what
you will expect from it. The abstract gives a
synopsis of the objectives and results of the
report to be described in detailed from in the
body of the report.
35. SILVERMAN (2006) IDENTIFIED WHAT AN ABSTRACT
SHOULD CONTAIN:
1. Research problem.
2. Significance and value of the problem.
3. Data and methods utilized.
4. Main findings.
5. Implication in the light of other research A
research abstract has a word limit. The most
common word limit is 100.
36. INTRODUCTION
•The introduction acquaints the readers with
the what, why and how of the report.
According to Murcott (1997, p. 1) as cited in
Silverman (2006), answering the questions
below would lead you to the development of
the introduction.
37. 1. What is the research all about?
2. Why have you chosen this topic rather than the
other topics?
3. Why are you interested in this topic?
4. How will you undertake the research?
5. What kind of research approach will you
utilize?
6. What are your research questions or problems?
38. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
•The Review of Related Literature (RRL) provides
study background and environment. The intention
of the RRL is to locate the study in its area of
discipline and reveal its relevance and significance
in the environment. The RRL would indicate if your
topic is building on previous researchers or if it is a
new area of inquiry. The RRL should make one
realize that a study is worth pursuing or not.
39. •According to Silverman (2006), RRL is not a
“litany” of all studies done related to the
topic. It is also not an inventory of the
accomplishments of other authors on the
same topic nor it is a map of projects similar
to the area of study. Rather, it is an
environmental or disciplinal context that
leads one to locate one’s study.
40. Hence, Silverman (2008) recommends the
following points:
•Focus only on studies that are vital and
relevant in defining your research problem.
•Organize what you say in the form of an
argument rather than a simple description of
other studies.
41. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
•In research, the research process is as
important as the research content. Thus, a
research report must also contain a
description of the research strategy. The
readers will be interested in finding how you
arrived at a particular study result.
42. Silverman (2008) pointed out that the readers would be
interested to know the following:
1. Research topic
2.Case (s) you have studied
3.Research methods you have chosen to use
4.How you have analyzed the data
This part of the research report is sensitive hence must be
dealt with caution.
43. Silverman suggested that to be able to answer
methodological questions, you have to be familiar
with and knowledgeable about the following:
• Data you have studied
•How you obtained those data
•What claims you are making about the data
•Methods you have used to gather the data
•Why you have chosen this methods
•How you have analyzed your data