PQWT groundwater detector brief note and its applications, working principle, methodology, other water divining methods

1. Mapping with one button water detector
PQWT Hunan Puqi Geologic Exploration Equipment Institute
湖南普奇地质勘探设备研究所

3.  It is a one of the new geophysical instrument , the instrument working
methodology is one of the part in geophysical exploration, it is newly developed
working principle
 The Instrument called as Natural Electric Field Frequency Selection System -
geophysical instrument, shortly known as Frequency System.
 Instrument working on the principle of electrical difference of natural earth
magnetic field (frequency 0 -30 kHz), the several different frequencies of
electromagnetic field changes is the law to study the underground field / material
changes, these changes measurement's help to solve the Geological / Engineering
problems
 The past and present society is depended on the alternating current exploration
method
 It is a one of the method for an alternating current exploration method
INTRODUCTION

4. Use Of This Field In Sciences

5.  The present society is well known and depended on the geophysical prospecting
methods, widely used for solving all geological and engineering problems, ex:
Electrical resistivity, Magnetic, seismic, gravitational, electromagnetic etc..
 At Present (NMR) Natural electric, Magnetic field and high density resistivity is a one
of the method in geophysical exploration and induced polarization is another one
method, these 4 methods are integrated and used for finding subsurface water
resources and ore / rock mass bodies
 The basic principle of the instrument is to measuring the existing natural electric,
magnetic resistance of the fields, Based on this principle the instrument measures the
sources of natural electric magnetic resistance fields, like subsurface rock / ore /
groundwater, minerals, this type of measurement's measuring at different
frequency's and different depths, it is a law for finding the abnormality changes in
the subsurface
 These bodies natural electrical magnetic resistance abnormalities and changes useful
to study and interpretations of the subsurface rock properties, these signs helpful in
the solving of the geological, engineering, environmental and disaster etc. problems

6.  Induced Polarization (IP) is a geophysical method used extensively in
mineral exploration and mine operations. The IP survey is very similar to
electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Resistivity and IP methods are
often applied on the ground surface using multiple four-electrode sites.
In an IP survey, in addition to resistivity measurement, capacitive
properties of the subsurface materials are determined as well. As a
result, IP surveys provide additional information about the spatial
variation in lithology and grain-surface chemistry.
 IP survey can be made in time-domain and frequency-domain mode. In
time domain Induced polarization method, voltage decay is observed as
a function of time after the injected current is switched off. In
frequency-domain Induced polarization mode, an alternating current is
injected into the ground with variable frequencies. Voltage phase-shifts
are measured to evaluate impedance spectrum at different injection
frequencies, which is commonly referred to as spectral IP.
 IP method is one of the most widely used techniques in mineral
exploration and mining industry and it has other applications in
hydrogeophysical surveys, environmental investigations and
geotechnical engineering projects.

7. We Choose These Instruments ?

8.  This is a one of the geophysical instrument and developed and integrated 4 methods,
consisting more & more data filters for analyzing data and filtering errors etc.
 Generally natural electrical field impacts the earths / material electro magnetic field, the
instrument recorded these variations at various frequency's and its various depths.
 It is easy operation, high quality, speed and standard processing with touch screen.
 The instrument profile map given results are very accurate means depth, length , width,
quantity, quality , shape of subsurface waters either the source is continues or perched or
dry fractures and the geological structure's / material's information getting exact changes
and its depths / boundaries / contact zones
 All traditional instruments are big in size, heavy in weight, not comfortable, taken much
time for operation, at the same time there is no guarantee for achieving our target
 In the present market so many water detectors available like GER, WF 303 plus, Aqua, Geo
Seeker, OKM, MWF, BR, Electrical Resistivity and Traditional instruments, but no one is not
given display with profile view , its continues as an 999 lines / points , all the instruments
results given major errors in the drilling time and hitting water
 PQWT instruments given the 100% results and this instrument is working for water
detector and mine detection / mineral exploration (Conditions Apply for getting accurate
results)

9. PQWT TC Series Water Detector Available water in the market Geophysical Resistivity Meter Traditional Methods (Dowsing)
 It is touch screen
 Just one button work
 Easy and efficient
 More accurate
 To see the profile map repeatedly
 Taking 3 minutes time to complete
one point
 Within half an hour scanned 10 points,
within one hour 25 points will be
completed, we will get maximum
good point in the one hour time
 After completion data will be saved
for reference
 After completion of survey, we will
see 2d profile map with one button
press
 In the profile map fracture zone
getting at exact depth in the drilling
of borewell
 This instrument works good in all
weather conditions
 There is no touch screen
 It is traditional like button switch
on /off
 Comparison with PQWT it is not
easy
 There is no option to see the profile
map
 Taking 30 minutes time to
complete one point, taking more
time (No Maximum or Minimum) to
get good Point
 The results of the depth display in
the monitor One time only, there is
no option for reference or data will
not saved
 Its take time to complete each
point is half an hour
 There is not getting exact depth it’s
may be doubt of the fracture zone
 Fresh result system not shown
when high ground is wet/ good
plantation tress/ In Horticulture
crops it shows wrong direction &
Wrong depth of water table
 The sensor system in not work
properly some conditions like
where metals, pipelines, good
growthing tress, wet soil, rocky
soils etc.
 Calcium or other elements
consisting earth crust is in major
quantity in all places, this formula
will effect major error
 Magnetic field given the high
density rock areas, this will be
effect in the well success
 It is basic method and traditional
 Heavy weight & Big in size, not comport
for moving
 It is a traditional like switch on / off,
more than 2 switches, recharging battery
takes more time and more weight than
others
 There is a need paper to write values to
record, after completion of the work
need a computer or calculator for analysis
of the curves and graph papers
 It is accurate work
 Taking most time than other meters, to
complete one point it may be taken of 3
to 4 hours, getting good point in the time
is doubtful, sometimes takes more than
1or 2 days
 Water dowsing using coconut / Y
shaped neem stick / dowsing L
rods / Pendulum / Rock mass / Any
Object / Fresh Result 1 (GER) etc..
 All these traditional methods
works based on the magnetic field
of the subsurface rocks / void
space / high rock density / high in
ferromagnesian minerals / water
flow, in this case above one case is
right, the success of the well
dependent on the subsurface
material’s
 There is not finding deeper water,
finds may be only shallow water
sometimes, sometimes failure in
maximum
 Taking very least time for
searching in major area
 Failure chances is high in these
methods
Comparison of Water detectors between PQWT and other Available Water Detectors

10. Applications of PQWT (TC Series) Water Detector
 To find the subsurface rock resistivity, Type of rock like soft, hard, it is fractured,
continues, length, width, shape, size, it is horizontal and vertical distribution and its
boundary extents
 Finding the aquifers and its types / subsurface groundwater levels and prospect zones, if
the water is available in the subsurface, depth, quality, quantity, either it continues /
perched water /leaky water/ wet /dry and Finding the water bearing rock either it pours
or non pours portions, which area is suitable for sustainable groundwater resources for
recharging and site survey for groundwater conservation and its recharge structures
 To find the bed rock investigation signatures like depth, distribution, shape, fractured/
weathered / joints these properties very useful in the construction of buildings / major
industries / Dams / reservoirs.
 Flow direction of the subsurface water and find the all direction barrier’s in the
controlling of groundwater movement and finding the high magnetic sources
 In the mine survey like strike direction, dip of the mineral deposits / ores like quality,
composition, quantity, extents of the deposits , thickness of the soil/thickness of the
geological formation, this calculations helpful in the estimation of the deposits, either it
is benefit / loss of the economy and for making of mine plane

11. Rechargeable Batteries'Back Strap
Electrode Cable
Copper Electrodes Alloy Electrode Bar
Universal Adopter Plug
HOST MACHINE
Instrument And Its Accessories

12. Mapping with one button water detector
Host machine , Buttons, and Menu

15.  High measuring speed
 High efficiency
 Convenient to carry
 Simple operation
 High accuracy measurement: 0.001 mV
 Strong anti-interference ability
 Screen touch buttons
 Touching with one button can automatically form the curve-graph and profile map
 Data recoding automatically saved when switch-off the instrument
 The maximum lines surveyed recorded 999 and each line maximum 999 points
measuring points recorded
FUNCTINOL CHARCTERISTICS

16.  Measuring Depth : TC-150 meters like.. 300m, 500 m, 700 m, 900 m and 1200 meters
 Measurement data unit : the electric field component measure at different
frequency's at different depths of the earth magnetic field
 Measuring range : 0 mV – 1000 mV, the instrument changes automatically changes the
range
 Measurement channel : four Channel (depends on model)
 Channel gain : 1 – 20 million times (depends on model)
 Measurement frequency : single , three and 33 etc.. (Depending on model)
 Weight of the machine 0.65 kg, gross weight 6.9 kg (depends on model)
 Power : the instrument uses 26650 * 2 lithium ion rechargeable battery 4000 mA
 Display: industrial 7-inch high definition touch screen
 A/D conversion : 16 or 8 bit, 1 Msps (depends on the model)
 Input impendence : >10 M
 Relative humidity : ≤85oC
 Power Consumption : about 4W (depends on model)
 Working environment temperature : -20oC to +50oC
Technical Parameters of the Instrument

17. Menu of the Instrument

19. The single frequency (one line) is only for machine testing
Uses
Its circuit is working or not one end to another .
Methodology
Insert the both MN electrodes into the soil / cross one to one copper electrodes /
put them together, click on the " Line Test " on 2-3seconds , see on the instrument
indicator light is it green / other
Results
click on the " Line Test " on 2-3seconds , if the detection light green indicator, The
entire circuit of the machine is working in proper way /
The green indicator light not shown, It is a cable fault, need to check connecting /
repair / replace the cable.
1, Single Frequency: ?

21. Methodology
Select the three frequency menu – plug
the electrode's in the soil, select options-
select the no-after that go to record
option once we have done record option
work will be done with beep, like this will
continue, when got good abnormalities to
stop and see the curves on the screen
After recorded the three frequency, the values plated a curve like above (Fig: ), we are
seen on the screen abnormal point of higher values / lower values; Choose the lower
values of point to higher values of point, like 19 to 10, it is a direction for make the profile
survey measurement.
Scan the subsurface earth layers like shallow depth at 25Hz, Medium depth at 67Hz
and Deeper depth at 170Hz (It is based on the maximum depth of the instrument)
Uses
Short out the area large area to small area it means which portion of the area for
feasible / not feasible for groundwater occurrence's
Finding the direction for profile survey like North-south / East-West etc..
Results
2 Three Frequency: ?

22. Low value rock portion
High Value
Rock Portion
Mixed Value Gradient rock portion
Direction to make
profile measurement

26. Wiring direction & Location
Tap 10 meters distance and mark the start place of 0 meter. The M N two
electrode bar equidistance is 10meters, both M N will move 5emter after
finished measure the point1 like M N Electrode equidistance wiring as below:
Maintain a distance between point to point 1 meter / 5 meters?
A short form of subsurface rock mass / material outline sketch like a graph, table or
list of values representing the extent of the material and exhibits various
characteristics
Take 10 meters cable distance and mark the place of 0 meter. The MN two
electrodes bars move equidistance is 10 meters, both MN will move 1 meter or 5
meters, after finishing the measurement
MN Electrode Equidistance wiring direction as below
Profile Survey:

27. Methodology
Connected All Host Machine Accessories
Single frequency / Line test
Three Frequency / For Profile direction Profile Measurement
Results Profile Display with one Button Touch

28. blue stand for low-value ,
high probability for water
Yellow stand for middle-value,
high probability for rock
Contact zone between High Density
Rock to Low density Rock
In the profile map, point 3 flatted under abnormal values (High
Values to fall down Low Values ) it is Vertical Fracture of the Rock
Mass) in this fracture having good yield of subsurface water.
Rock
High density Rock
Red stand for high-value high
probability for high Density of Rock.
Contact zone between Rock mass to
Low values like wet rock portion /dry
some times

36. THANK YOU