Ppt scientific method no variables
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This document outlines the scientific method, which is a step-by-step process scientists use to answer questions. The key steps are: 1) making an observation and asking a question, 2) conducting background research, 3) formulating a hypothesis, 4) designing and conducting an experiment, 5) collecting and analyzing data, 6) drawing conclusions, and 7) communicating results. The overall process allows hypotheses to be tested systematically through observation, experimentation, and data analysis.
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Here are the variables for the experiments:
1) IV: Weight of bowling ball
DV: Speed it travels down the lane
2) IV: Brand of paper towel
DV: Amount of water absorbed per minute
3) IV: Location of the plants
DV: Height of the plants
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The document discusses the scientific method and provides several key points:
1) There is no single scientific method, as scientists use many approaches and reasoning techniques borrowed from other fields.
2) The scientific method is often oversimplified as a set of rigid steps, but science actually progresses through trial and error.
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Ppt scientific method no variables
- 10. • A logical, problem solving technique • A Step-by-step way in which scientists answer questions.
- 11. 1. Observation 2. Ask a Question 3. Background research 5. Design and conduct an experiment 6. Collect data 7. Analyze and Graph Data 8. Draw Conclusions 4. Formulate a hypothesis
- 12. • You observe something in the material world, using your senses or machines which are basically extensions of those senses. AH—Look at this!
- 13. • The problem identifies what you want to find out. State the problem in the form of a question: • Examples: Ex. Do bean seeds grow faster when fed compost or fertilizer? How does __________ affect _______? What is the effect of _______ on ________? Why” and “What would happen if..” are also good beginnings of scientific questions. • They must be testable: For example: Are Canaries prettier than blue birds? Not testable
- 14. Scientists never start from scratch in putting together a plan for answering a question. You should use library and Internet research to help you find the best way to do things and insure that you don't repeat mistakes from the past. • Background research is necessary so that you know how to design and understand your experiment and how to write a hypothesis. • Use a table with the "question words" (why, how, who, what, when, where) to generate research questions from your keywords. For example: When does a plant grow the most, with fertilizer or compost? What plants are most suitable for my experiment? How many plants must I use? • Plan to do background research on the history of similar experiments or inventions. • Ask other people with more experience than yourself: your parents and teachers.
- 15. • A hypothesis is NOT just an educated guess about what you think will happen. It must beTESTABLE!!!! a) Answers the observation and predicts an outcome of the experiment. b) “If… then… because” Statement c) If…..independent variable, then ….dependent variable Ex. If given compost, then bean plants will grow faster than those given fertilizer
- 16. • Experiment: a procedure to test the hypothesis • How are you going to test your hypothesis? • You Design an Experiment! • It must include: materials and a step by step instructions • Must be run multiple times
- 17. • Write all measurements and results of the experiment. They may be quantitative (numbers) or qualitative • Be consistent when you are checking your experiments and recording the results • Use a table to organize your data in a chart with a title. – List your independent variable on the left side – Record your dependent variables on the right side • If you have more than one dependent variable, use a new column for each dependent variable
- 18. Example:
- 19. • Make the data table into a graph • Graphs make it easier to see patterns in the data. Graphs X-axis independent variable Y-axis dependent variable
- 20. Line Graph a. Used to show changes in dependent variable (plant growth) over time. b. Must have title, x-axis title (with units) and y-axis title (with units) c. Compare and look for trends and patterns using graphs example 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Growth of Plant A Over Time Time (Days) PlantHeight(cm)
- 21. Bar Graph a. Use it when a set of measurements can be split into discrete and comparable groups b. To show the relative change between these groups. c. Must have titles and legend 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Average Plant Growth over 50 Days Plant A (Control) Plant B (Fer- tilizer Added) Plant C (Compost Added) Plant A Plant B Plant C AverageGrowthinCentimeters
- 22. Pie Graph a. When showing parts of a whole..i.e. percentages b. Must have a title and a legend
- 23. • Indicate the results. Explain why those results where given. • Answer: – Do your results/data support your hypothesis? Why or why not? – What are ways you can improve your data? – What would you do differently if you were to repeat the experiment?
- 24. Claim a. Restate your hypothesis b. Ex. If given compost, then bean plants will grow taller than those given fertilizer. Evidence a. Accept or reject your hypothesis b. Use the numbers from your chart and graph to explain why. c. Ex. Plant C which was given only compost grew to a maximum height of 5 cm, Plant B which was given fertilizer grew to a maximum height of 4cm and Plant A which was given nothing at all grew to a maximum height of 3cm. Therefore, the hypothesis is accepted. Reasoning a. Scientifically explain WHY what happened occurred. b. Ex. Fertilizer contains only trace elements such as phosphorous, nitrogen and sulphur while compost contains decaying matter which can provide many complex organic nutrients for a bean plant. Therefore, the plant treated with compost grows taller.
- 25. • A lab report MUST be written after every investigation. • A lab report contains the following parts: 1.Title 2. Introduction 3. Materials 4. Procedure 5. Results 6. Conclusions