Gastro-retentive delivery is one of the site specific delivery of the drugs at stomach. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and drug is being released at sustained manner to specific site either in stomach or intestine.
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Shweta Nehate
Oral route is the most acceptable route for drug administration. Apart from conventional dosage forms several other forms were developed in order to enhance the drug delivery for prolonged time period and for delivering drug to a particular target site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gainned immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. it is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. different innovative approaches are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drugs release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing the in controlled manner.
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System or GRDDSAkshayPatane
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System
Includes:
Floating and Non-Floating drug delivery system with their subtypes
Like Non-effervescent system, Effervescent system, Raft forming system,
High Density system, Expandable system, Muco-adhesive system,
Super porous hydrogel system and Magnetic Systems, etc.
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Shweta Nehate
Oral route is the most acceptable route for drug administration. Apart from conventional dosage forms several other forms were developed in order to enhance the drug delivery for prolonged time period and for delivering drug to a particular target site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gainned immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. it is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. different innovative approaches are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drugs release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing the in controlled manner.
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System or GRDDSAkshayPatane
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System
Includes:
Floating and Non-Floating drug delivery system with their subtypes
Like Non-effervescent system, Effervescent system, Raft forming system,
High Density system, Expandable system, Muco-adhesive system,
Super porous hydrogel system and Magnetic Systems, etc.
Floating Drug Delivery System(FDDS).pptxAkiBur Akash
The purpose of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to compile the recent literature with special focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention. Drug delivery systems are those that float immediately upon contact with gastric fluids present promising approaches for increasing the bioavailability of drugs with absorption windows in stomach or upper small intestine, unstable in the intestinal or colonic environment, and exhibit low solubility at high pH values. It is new drug delivery system maximize effectiveness and compliance.
This presentation includes introduction, physiology of GIT, factors affecting GRDDS, Advantages and disadvantages, approaches to GRDDS and their mechanism, some of the marketed products using GRDDS mechanism.
Liposomes-Classification, methods of preparation and application Vijay Hemmadi
liposome preparation and application
A liposome is a tiny bubble (vesicle), made out of the same material as a cell membrane. Liposomes can be filled with drugs, and used to deliver drugs for cancer and other diseases. Membranes are usually made of phospholipids, which are molecules that have a head group and a tail group
it provide a brief note on the drug excipient interaction and various technique to find it which is a part of preformulation studies. it gives help to mpharm(pharmaceutics) students. i.
Physics of Tablet compression is very useful during study of the tablet. It contains the mechanism of tablet compression. It also contains the process of tablet compression.
Floating Drug Delivery System(FDDS).pptxAkiBur Akash
The purpose of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to compile the recent literature with special focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention. Drug delivery systems are those that float immediately upon contact with gastric fluids present promising approaches for increasing the bioavailability of drugs with absorption windows in stomach or upper small intestine, unstable in the intestinal or colonic environment, and exhibit low solubility at high pH values. It is new drug delivery system maximize effectiveness and compliance.
This presentation includes introduction, physiology of GIT, factors affecting GRDDS, Advantages and disadvantages, approaches to GRDDS and their mechanism, some of the marketed products using GRDDS mechanism.
Liposomes-Classification, methods of preparation and application Vijay Hemmadi
liposome preparation and application
A liposome is a tiny bubble (vesicle), made out of the same material as a cell membrane. Liposomes can be filled with drugs, and used to deliver drugs for cancer and other diseases. Membranes are usually made of phospholipids, which are molecules that have a head group and a tail group
it provide a brief note on the drug excipient interaction and various technique to find it which is a part of preformulation studies. it gives help to mpharm(pharmaceutics) students. i.
Physics of Tablet compression is very useful during study of the tablet. It contains the mechanism of tablet compression. It also contains the process of tablet compression.
GRDDS is most widely used system for controlled delivery of drugs. various approaches for GRDDS is available including
floating ,gastroadhesive,high density ,unflatable system
Niosomes are novel drug delivery system, in which the hydrophilic drug is entrapped in the core cavity and hydrophobic drug present within the bilayer of niosomes in the non-polar region.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System SG.pptxSneha Gaurkar
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), are dosage forms designed to deliver a
therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patient’s skin.
It delivers a drug through intact skin at a controlled rate into the systemic circulation.
Delivery rate is controlled by the skin or membrane in the delivery system.
A biologic drug (biologics) is a product that is produced from living organisms or contain components of living organisms.
Biologic drugs are used for treatment of numerous diseases and conditions, and are the most advanced therapies available. Some biologic drugs are used for the treatment of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases.
National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) was started in 1982 with the objectives to ensure availability and accessibility of minimum mental health care for all, to encourage mental health knowledge and skills and to promote community participate in mental health service development and to stimulate self-help in the community
Pulse Polio is an immunisation campaign established by the government of India to eliminate poliomyelitis (polio) in India by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against the polio virus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. P A G E 0 2
Approaches to GRDDS help
in delivering the medicament
in a sustained and
restrained way through the
gastrointestinal tract.
3. P A G E 0 3
CLASSIFICATION OF GRDDS
Gastroretentive Drug
Delivery System
Floating System
Effervescent system
Non-effervescent
system
Non-Floating System
Bioadhesive System
Swelling System
High Density System
Expandable System
4. P A G E 0 4
CLASSIFICATION OF GRDDS
Floating System
Effervescent System
Volatile Liquid System
Gas Generating System
Matrix Tablet
Non-Effervescent
System
Hydrodynamically
Balance System
Microballons/
Microspheres
Alginate Beads
Layered Tablets
5. P A G E 0 5
(A) EFFERVESCENT SYSTEM
• This system uses carbonates (e.g. sodium bicarbonate) to generate in situ carbon
dioxide (CO2).
• Organic acids (e.g. citric and tartaric acids) are added to speed up the reaction,
thus reducing the density of dosage form and remaining buoyant in the stomach.
6. P A G E 0 6
(a) Volatile Liquid/Vacuum Type System
• These are further classified into three types.
i) Inflatable system
It consists of a pullout system having a space filled with volatile liquids that evaporate at
body temperature
The inflatable chamber comprises a bioerodible polymer filament that is made from
polymers like polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene.
7. P A G E 0 7
ii) Intragastric floating system
It contains a chamber filled with a vacuum and includes a microporous
compartment serving as a drug reservoir.
(a) Volatile Liquid/Vacuum Type System
8. P A G E 0 8
iii) Intragastric-osmotically controlled system
Osmotic control can be achieved using a biodegradable capsule comprising inflatable
floating support congestion with an osmotic pressure-controlled drug delivery device.
(a) Volatile Liquid/Vacuum Type System
9. P A G E 0 9
(B) Matrix Tablets
• They are of two types, i.e. single-layer and bilayer matrix tablets.
• The single-layer matrix tablets are prepared using a drug and a hydrocolloid forming gel,
while the bilayer matrix tablet contains one immediate-release layer and another sustained
release layer.
Single-layer Matrix Tablets Bilayer Matrix Tablet
10. P A G E 1 0
(C) Gas Generating Systems
• Gas-generating systems are prepared using effervescent compounds along with hydrophilic
polymers.
• These are further classified into three types.
I) Floating Capsules
• These dosage forms involve encapsulation of drugs in hydrophilic polymers like ethyl cellulose
and eudragit RS-100 with effervescent agents such as sodium bicarbonate, calcium
carbonate, etc.
• Upon contact with gastric fluid, the capsule shell dissolves with subsequent swelling, forming a
gelatinous barrier, which remains buoyant in the gastric juice for an extended period.
11. P A G E 1 1
II) Floating Pills
• Multiple unit types of oral floating dosage forms have been developed using a
hydrophilic polymer in the outer layer and an effervescent agent in the inner layer.
• When it comes in contact with the gastric fluid, the outer layer of hydrophilic
polymer starts to swell and then sinks, but as the effervescent agent meets
gastric content, it releases CO2, and the system starts to float.
(C) Gas Generating Systems
12. P A G E 1 2
III) Floating Systems With Ion Exchange Resins
• These floating systems are mainly developed to prolong the GRT of dosage forms using ion
exchange resin.
• They consist of drug resin complex beads loaded with bicarbonate ions, and they are coated
with hydrophilic polymers.
• It results in the generation of CO2 gas when it comes in contact with the gastric fluid and
causes the beads to float.
(C) Gas Generating Systems
13. P A G E 1 3
(B) NON-EFFERVESCENT SYSTEMS
• In non-effervescent floating systems, the drug comes in contact with gastric fluid and it
swells.
• It maintains its shape, and its density remains less than one, hence it floats in gastric juice.
• Matrix forming polymer, gel-forming, or swellable type hydrocolloids are used for these types
of floating systems.
They are further classified as follows:
i. Hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS)
ii. Microballoons
iii.Alginate beads
iv.Layered tablets
14. P A G E 1 4
I. Hydrodynamically Balanced Systems (HBS)
• These systems mainly consist of a mixture of drugs and hydrocolloids that forms a
gelatinous barrier, when it comes in contact with gastric fluid due to swelling of
the combination.
• It remains buoyant in the stomach for an extended period as its bulk density is
less than one in gastric fluid.
15. P A G E 1 5
II. Microballoons
• Microballoons are described by the gradual addition of drug-containing emulsion into a volatile
solvent.
• On evaporation of the solvent, gas is generated in a dispersed polymer droplet, which results
in the formation of an interior orifice in the microsphere of the drug with polymer.
• It is also called emulsion solvent diffusion method.
• The floating time of microspheres depends upon the type and amount of polymer used in the
formulation.
16. P A G E 1 6
III. Alginate Beads
• These systems are prepared using a hydrocolloid gel-forming agent and sodium alginate as the
interlocking agents.
• In the presence of gastric fluid, the hydrocolloid absorbs water and forms a barrier that
results in entrapment of air in the polymer, which causes swelling of the polymer, and hence
the dosage form starts to float, and results in releasing the drug for a prolonged period.
17. P A G E 1 7
IV. Layered Tablets
• Layered tablets are more popular due to ease of their preparation, low cost, and
high stability.
• a. Single-layered floating tablets: These tablets were developed by mixing drug
and gas generating agents within the matrix tablet. These formulations have
lower bulk density than gastric fluid, and thus they remain buoyant in the
stomach by increasing GRT.
• b. Double-layered floating tablets: It comprises of two formulations separated by
layering, one on top of the other, having two different release profiles.
18. P A G E 1 8
(C)- MUCOADHESIVE AND BIOADHESIVE SYSTEMS
• A mucoadhesive and bioadhesive system uses its adhesive properties to target a drug to a
specific region of the body for an extended period.
• For this, bioadhesive or mucoadhesive polymers are mainly used.
• Natural polymers such as sodium alginate, gelatin, guar gum, etc., and semisynthetic polymers
such as HPMC, lectins, carbopol, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are widely used for
mucoadhesion. The adhesion is mediated by hydration, bonding, or receptor interactions
19. P A G E 1 9
(D)- SWELLING SYSTEM
• These systems, when come in contact with gastric fluid, their size increases significantly than
that of the pyloric sphincter and thus, after swelling, remain logged in the stomach.
• These are also called a “plug type system”.
• Controlled and sustained drug release is achieved using an appropriate excipient.
• The swelling ability of polymer mainly depends upon the degree of cross-linking of hydrophilic
polymer network.
• The high degree of cross-linking maintains the integrity of the system, while a low degree of
cross-linking causes extensive swelling resulting in rapid dissolution of the polymer.
20. P A G E 2 0
(E)- SUPERPOROUS HYDROGELS
• Superporous hydrogels are a three-dimensional network of hydrophilic polymers that have
numerous super-size pores inside them.
• The swelling of superporous hydrogels occurs by the mechanism of capillary wetting through
interconnected open pores.
• To develop superporous hydrogels, certain ingredients like initiators and cross-linkers are
used to initiate the cross-linking.
• Other ingredients were foam stabilizers, foaming aids, and foaming agents.
21. P A G E 2 1
(F)- MAGNETIC SYSTEM
• In this system, by using a strong magnet with a powerful magnetic field onto the body surface,
the movement of gastroretentive formulation with a small internal magnet is controlled.
• Several reports tell about the positive results of this system, but the success of this system
depends upon the selection of the magnet position with very high precision.