The document discusses different heat engines and their application of the second law of thermodynamics. [1] It describes how heat engines like internal combustion engines absorb heat from a high temperature source, convert some of the energy to mechanical work, and reject the remaining energy to a low temperature sink. [2] Cooler engines, like refrigerators and air conditioners, operate in the opposite way by transferring heat from a low temperature reservoir to a high temperature reservoir using external work. [3] The performance of heat engines is measured by efficiency while cooler engines are measured by coefficient of performance.
this is my presentation about 2nd law of thermodynamic. this is part of engineering thermodynamic in mechanical engineering. here discussed about heat transfer, heat engines, thermal efficiency of heat pumps and refrigerator and its equation for perfect work done with best figure and table wise discription, entropy and change in entropy, isentropic process for turbines and compressor and many more.
Engineering Thermodynamics-second law of thermodynamics Mani Vannan M
This file consists of content which covers the basics of second law of thermodynamics,heat reservoir,heat source ,heat sink,refrigerator, heat pump,heat engine,carnot theorem,carnot cycle and reversed carnot cycle
A brief explanation of one of the important topic of thermodynamics involves the concept of carnot cycle. Carnot Cycle describes the working of engines. this presentation involves an introduction of carnot cycle its working and applications in daily life. Efficiency factor is also being meintioned in it.
i hope, it will helpful to the students and peoples in the search of topics mentioned
it is informative to study to even get passing marks or for revision
the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the relationships between all forms of energy.
this is my presentation about 2nd law of thermodynamic. this is part of engineering thermodynamic in mechanical engineering. here discussed about heat transfer, heat engines, thermal efficiency of heat pumps and refrigerator and its equation for perfect work done with best figure and table wise discription, entropy and change in entropy, isentropic process for turbines and compressor and many more.
Engineering Thermodynamics-second law of thermodynamics Mani Vannan M
This file consists of content which covers the basics of second law of thermodynamics,heat reservoir,heat source ,heat sink,refrigerator, heat pump,heat engine,carnot theorem,carnot cycle and reversed carnot cycle
A brief explanation of one of the important topic of thermodynamics involves the concept of carnot cycle. Carnot Cycle describes the working of engines. this presentation involves an introduction of carnot cycle its working and applications in daily life. Efficiency factor is also being meintioned in it.
i hope, it will helpful to the students and peoples in the search of topics mentioned
it is informative to study to even get passing marks or for revision
the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the relationships between all forms of energy.
A Proposal on Heat Engines, a topic in Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics.
This work aim at studying the process involved in the conversion of heat energy to mechanical work and in effect the principles which engine operate.
Heat engines are systems that convert heat or thermal energy to mechanical energy which can then be used to do mechanical work. This is done basically by bringing a working substance from a higher state temperature to a lower state temperature. The working substance is brought to a high temperature by a heat source which generates thermal energy. This energy is converted to work by exploiting the proportion of the working substance during which the heat is transferred to the colder destination until it reaches a lower temperature state.
The conversion of this heat to mechanical work follow certain routes which ends at the start point and hence are called cycles. This work will in essence focus on these cycles. Otto cycle, Atkinson cycle and brayton cycle are some of the cycle that represent models for heat engine operations. The condition to which the working fluid is subjected in the process, is what distinguishes one cycle from the other.
Air refrigeration systems, Carnot refrigeration cycle, Brayton refrigeration or the Bell-Coleman air refrigeration cycle, Aircraft refrigeration system, Simple air cooling system, Simple air evaporative cooling system, Bootstrap air cooling, Bootstrap air evaporative air cooling, Regenerative air cooling, Reduced ambient air cooling, Comparison of different systems
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
Ppt application of second law thermodynamic
1. Presented by
Group 8th
Rully Efriadi
Mariatul Kibtiah
Suryaman
2. HEAT
ENGINE
Application of Second Law
Thermodynamic
3. The concept of the
second law of
thermodynamics
applied to heat engine
is equally applicable on
the internal combustion
engines used in our
cars, motorcycles,
ships, airplanes, etc.
Heat Engine
4. A heat engine takes in some works fluid
accros a cycle process where abouts (1) the
heat is absorbed of one high temperature
sources, increasing energy in machine; (2 )
change partly energies in this goes to
mechanical effort; and (3) discarding
residuary energy as a heat goes to low
temperature source.
Q Q1 Q2 W Q1 Q2
Heat Engine
5. The basic principle of
a cooler engine is
flowing heat from the
cool reservoir T2 to
the hot reservoir T1
by exerting external
effort on the system.
This principle is
opposite to that of in
aheat engine.
Cooler Engine
6. The magnitude of external work needed in a cooler
engine is formulated as follows
W = Q1 – Q2
Q1 = heat absorbed from low temperature
Q2 = heat given at high temperature
If the process happening in the color engine is
reversible, then it is called a carnot cooler (ideal
cooler) where the following equation applies
Q2 T2
Q1 T1
Cooler Engine
7. The example of cooler engine are refrigerator and air
conditioner
In refrigerator, what function as the cool reservoir is
the refrigerator’s interior (place to store foods) and
what function as the hot reservoir is the external air
around the refrigerator. The external work used to
transfer heat from the refrigerator’s interior to the
external air is obtained from the electric current
running in the system.
In an air condition, what functions as the cool reservoir
is the inside of the air conditioner, while what function
as the hot reservoir is the air outside the air conditioner
magchine.
Cooler Engine
8. If the performance of a heat engine is shown
by the efficiency of the engine, the
performance of a cooler engine is shown by its
coefficient of performance. Coefficient of
performance is defined as the ratio of values of
the heat in the cool reservoir to the work
applied in the system. In equation form,
coefficient of performanceis written as follow.
Q2 Q2 T2
CP
W Q1 Q2 T1 T2
Cooler Engine
9. The other application of thermodynamic
second law is steam engine in the train.
Heat produced through the coal
combustion is changed into mechanical
energy that can moves the train wheel.
The principle of Steam engine is same
with heat engine.
Steam Engine
11. Mention the application of 2nd law of
thermodynamic!
Explain the difference of basic
principple among the heat engine and
the cooler engine!
Which is object that the functions as
the cool reservoir and the hot
reservoir in the refrigerator and in
the air conditioner?
Exercise
