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- 1. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 1 (DKM3172) 1 Prepair by Shahriman Abdul Rashid
- 3. 3 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE Heat engine Efficiency of heat engine The energy transfer through out the heat engine process p-v diagram of heat engine
- 4. 4 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE What is heat engine ?
- 5. 5 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE Thermodynamics is the science of energy conversion involving heat and other forms of energy, most notably mechanical work. It studies and interrelates the macroscopic variables, such as temperature, volume and pressure, which describe physical, thermodynamic systems.
- 7. 7 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE The equal sign in the Clausius inequality above applies only to the the ideal or Carnot cycle. Integral represents the net change in entropy in one complete cycle, it attributes a zero entropy change to the most efficient engine cycle, and makes it clear that entropy does not decrease even in an ideal engine cycle. The Clausius Inequality applies to any real engine cycle and implies a negative change in entropy on the cycle. That is, the entropy given to the environment during the cycle is larger than the entropy transferred to the engine by heat from the hot reservoir.
- 8. 8 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE In the simplified heat engine where: i. the heat QH is all added at temperature TH ii. entropy ΔS = QH/TH is added to the system iii. the engine temperature will be less than TH iv. at least part of the time when heat is being added
- 9. 9 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE Heat Engine Concepts
- 11. 11 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE A heat engine typically uses energy provided in the form of heat to do work Thermodynamics is the study of the relationships between heat and work. The first law and second law of thermodynamics constrain the operation of a heat engine. The first law is the application of conservation of energy to the system second laws determines the direction of energy flow.
- 24. 24 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE QUESTION AND ANSWER : What is heat engine ? What efficiency of heat engine
- 29. 29 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE QUESTION AND ANSWER : Referring to the diagram above explain what is happening in: i. AB ii. CD
- 30. 30 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE QUESTION AND ANSWER : Refer to figure describe of process AB line
- 33. 33 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE QUESTION AND ANSWER : refers to p-v diagram of perfect cycle show the difference between ΔT = 0 and Q = 0
- 34. 34 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE Gas turbines use hot gases generated directly from the combustion of fossil fuels. The hot gas expands through the blades on the turbine rotor causing them to move. The gas turbine process is: 3-4 irreversible but approximately adiabatic expansion of combustion gases
- 37. 37 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE Heat engines are designed for the purpose of converting thermal energy to work Their performance is expressed in terms of the thermal efficiency The ideal cycles are internally reversible the thermal efficiency of an ideal cycle
- 38. 38 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE To receive heat energy from external sources of heat and convert the heat energy as much as possible to the form of mechanical work. The theoretical thermal efficiency of the cycle is called the thermal efficiency of an ideal or theoretical thermal efficiency or air standard efficiency air as the working fluid is assumed.
- 40. 40 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE Thermal Efficiency The heat Q1 is transferred from heat source to heat engine. Relative to heat engine, Q1 is positive → Q1>0 Heat engine (HE) rejects heat Q0 to heat sink. Absorbed heat can be completely converted to work. This work can be calculated by balancing the energy transport (Law of energy conservation): ∑W= Q1+ Q0
- 41. 41 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE Thermal efficiency ,
- 42. 42 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE QUESTION AND ANSWER : What is heat engine ? What efficiency of heat engine What the energy transfer through out the heat engine process Draw and label heat engine p-v diagram
- 43. 43 HEAT ENGINE CYCLE QUESTION AND ANSWER : Referring to the diagram above explain the processes occurring.
- 44. Prepair by Shahriman Abdul Rashid THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Biggest Ship