A _HEAT_ENGINE_CYCLE Engineering project pdf

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 1
(DKM3172)
1
Prepair by Shahriman Abdul Rashid

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 Heat engine
 Efficiency of heat engine
 The energy transfer through out the heat
engine process
 p-v diagram of heat engine

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 What is heat engine ?

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 Thermodynamics is the science of energy
conversion involving heat and other forms of
energy, most notably mechanical work.
 It studies and interrelates the macroscopic
variables, such as temperature, volume and
pressure, which describe physical,
thermodynamic systems.

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 The equal sign in the Clausius inequality above applies
only to the the ideal or Carnot cycle.
 Integral represents the net change in entropy in one
complete cycle, it attributes a zero entropy change to the
most efficient engine cycle, and makes it clear that
entropy does not decrease even in an ideal engine cycle.
 The Clausius Inequality applies to any real engine cycle
and implies a negative change in entropy on the cycle.
That is, the entropy given to the environment during the
cycle is larger than the entropy transferred to the engine
by heat from the hot reservoir.

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 In the simplified heat engine where:
i. the heat QH is all added at temperature TH
ii. entropy ΔS = QH/TH is added to the system
iii. the engine temperature will be less than TH
iv. at least part of the time when heat is being added

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
Heat Engine Concepts

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 A heat engine typically uses energy
provided in the form of heat to do work
 Thermodynamics is the study of the
relationships between heat and work.
 The first law and second law of
thermodynamics constrain the operation
of a heat engine.
 The first law is the application of
conservation of energy to the system
 second laws determines the direction of
energy flow.

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
QUESTION AND ANSWER :
 What efficiency of heat engine

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 Referring to the diagram above explain what is happening in:
i. AB
ii. CD

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
Refer to figure describe of process AB line

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 refers to p-v diagram of perfect cycle show
the difference between ΔT = 0 and Q = 0

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
Gas turbines use hot gases generated directly from the combustion of fossil
fuels. The hot gas expands through the blades on the turbine rotor causing
them to move. The gas turbine process is:
3-4 irreversible but approximately
adiabatic expansion of combustion
gases

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 Heat engines are designed for the purpose of
converting thermal energy to work
 Their performance is expressed in terms of the thermal
efficiency
 The ideal cycles are internally reversible
 the thermal efficiency of an ideal cycle

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 To receive heat energy from external sources of heat and convert the
heat energy as much as possible to the form of mechanical work.
 The theoretical thermal efficiency of the cycle is called the thermal
efficiency of an ideal
 or theoretical thermal efficiency
 or air standard efficiency air as the working fluid is assumed.

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
Thermal Efficiency
 The heat Q1 is transferred from heat
source to heat engine.
 Relative to heat engine, Q1 is
positive → Q1>0
 Heat engine (HE) rejects heat Q0 to
heat sink.
 Absorbed heat can be completely
converted to work.
 This work can be calculated by
balancing the energy transport
 (Law of energy conservation):
∑W= Q1+ Q0

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
Thermal efficiency ,

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 What efficiency of heat engine
 What the energy transfer through out the
heat engine process
 Draw and label heat engine p-v diagram

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HEAT ENGINE CYCLE
 Referring to the diagram above explain the processes occurring.

Prepair by Shahriman Abdul Rashid
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FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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A _HEAT_ENGINE_CYCLE Engineering project pdf

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