A brief explanation of one of the important topic of thermodynamics involves the concept of carnot cycle. Carnot Cycle describes the working of engines. this presentation involves an introduction of carnot cycle its working and applications in daily life. Efficiency factor is also being meintioned in it.

2. Content
• History Of Carnot Cycle
• Mechanism of Carnot engine
• Efficiency factors
• Applications of Carnot Cycle
• Summary
• References

3. • Discoverer :- Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot
• Officer of engineers in the French army
• Year of discovery :- 1824
• Conceived a theoretical engine
• It is an ideal engine
• Maximum efficiency

4. Carnot Ideal Heat Engine

6. Carnot Cycle
Cyclic stepwise Process
Step1 :- Isothermal Reversible Expansion
Step 2 :- Adiabatic Reversible Expansion
Step 3 :- Isothermal Reversible Compression
Step 4 :- Adiabatic Reversible Compression

7. Step I –Isothermal expansion ( T = constant)
a
b Insulated pistonP2 V 2T1
P1 V 1 T1
T1 = TH
+ QH
a
b
c
d
P :- ↓ V :- ↑ T :- const.
w1 = - R T1 ln (V2 / V1)
QH = R T1 ln (V2 / V1)
∆E = 0
+ QH

8. b
c Insulated pistonP3 V 3T2
P2 V 2 T1
+ QH
Step II –Adiabatic Expansion (Q = 0 )
a
b
c
d
P :- ↓ V :- ↑ T :- ↓
w2 = Cv (T2 - T1)
∆E = Cv (T2 - T1)
q = 0

9. Step III –Isothermal Compression ( T = constant)
d
c Insulated pistonP3 V 3T2
P4 V 4 T2
T2 = TC
- Qc
a
b
c
d
P :- ↑ V :- ↓ T :- const.
w3 = - R T2 ln (V4 /
V3)
QC = R T2 ln (V4 / V3)
∆E = 0

10. Step IV –Adiabatic Compression
a
d Insulated pistonP4 V 4T2
P1 V 1 T1
( Q = 0 )
a
b
c
d
w4 = Cv (T1 - T2)
∆E = Cv (T1 - T2)
q = 0
P :- ↑ V :- ↓ T
:- ↑

11. • Efficiency means the ratio of net work done obtained in a
cycle and total heat absorbed .
• It is denoted by η
η = Net work done / Input
= Wnet/ QH
= ( QH – QC ) / QH
= ( T1 – T2 ) / T1
= 1 – T2 / T1
Efficiency(η) < 1

12. η = 1 – T2 / T1
• Heat source constant at T1 and lowering sink
temperature
• Sink constant at T2 and increasing source
temperature

14. • Diesel engine

15. • Heat
engine

16. • Carnot Cycle is a cyclic Process
• It is a ideal cycle
• It has Maximum Efficiency (η)
given as :- η = 1 – T2 / T1
• It works on temperature difference

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