1. Fully described BLOCKS of PP750 .
2. What is PPC?
3. Generations and Features
4. Pipelining
5. Fully described Blocks of PPC 750.
6. Slight comparison b/w PPC and Pentium Processor.
This presentation givens an overview of interfacing of a real tie clock IC with 8051. The contents are referred from book of mazidi.
Also an internal architecture of an RTC is given for reference.
Presentation On: "Micro-controller 8051 & Embedded System"surabhii007
The presentation is dealing with majors about 'An Embedded System' along with 'Micro-controller' with it's base peripherals & parameters.
Hope It'll be helpfull!
This presentation givens an overview of interfacing of a real tie clock IC with 8051. The contents are referred from book of mazidi.
Also an internal architecture of an RTC is given for reference.
Presentation On: "Micro-controller 8051 & Embedded System"surabhii007
The presentation is dealing with majors about 'An Embedded System' along with 'Micro-controller' with it's base peripherals & parameters.
Hope It'll be helpfull!
Complete description of AT89xxx (8051 based) microcontrollers with timers, serial communication and assembly language programming. Interfacing of some real time devices like led, sensor, and seven segment display is also covered.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices
Complete description of AT89xxx (8051 based) microcontrollers with timers, serial communication and assembly language programming. Interfacing of some real time devices like led, sensor, and seven segment display is also covered.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices
The technologies and people we are designing experiences for are constantly changing, in most cases they are changing at a rate that is difficult keep up with. When we think about how our teams are structured and the design processes we use in light of this challenge, a new design problem (or problem space) emerges, one that requires us to focus inward. How do we structure our teams and processes to be resilient? What would happen if we looked at our teams and design process as IA’s, Designers, Researchers? What strategies would we put in place to help them be successful? This talk will look at challenges we face leading, supporting, or simply being a part of design teams creating experiences for user groups with changing technological needs.
Each month, join us as we highlight and discuss hot topics ranging from the future of higher education to wearable technology, best productivity hacks and secrets to hiring top talent. Upload your SlideShares, and share your expertise with the world!
Not sure what to share on SlideShare?
SlideShares that inform, inspire and educate attract the most views. Beyond that, ideas for what you can upload are limitless. We’ve selected a few popular examples to get your creative juices flowing.
Performance Characterization of the Pentium Pro ProcessorDileep Bhandarkar
HPCA 3 Paper
In this paper, we characterize the performance of several business and technical benchmarks on a Pentium Pro processor based system. Various architectural data are collected using a performance monitoring counter tool. Results show that the Pentium Pro processor achieves significantly lower cycles per instruction than the Pentium processor due to its out of order and speculative execution, and non-blocking cache and memory system. Its higher clock frequency also contributes to even higher performance.
Architecting a 35 PB distributed parallel file system for scienceSpeck&Tech
ABSTRACT: Perlmutter is the newest supercomputer at Berkeley Lab, California, and features a whopping 35 PB all-flash Lustre file system. Let's dive into its architecture, showing some early performance figures and unique performance considerations, using low-level Lustre tests that achieve over 90% of the theoretical bandwidth of the SSDs, to showcase how Perlmutter achieves the performance of a burst buffer and the resilience of a scratch file system. Lastly, some performance considerations unique to an all-flash Lustre file system, along with tips on how better I/O patterns can make the most of such powerful architectures.
BIO: Alberto Chiusole studied Data Science and Scientific Computing in Trieste when he had the opportunity to spend some months at CERN, in Geneva, benchmarking their Ceph file system against a classic Lustre file system from eXact lab, the HPC consulting company in Trieste he was working for at the time. After Trieste, he worked as a Storage and I/O Software Engineer at Berkeley Lab, California, a national scientific laboratory, where he assisted scientists with improving their I/O and data needs. He now works for Seqera Labs as an HPC DevOps Engineer, focusing on infrastructure support.
This slide explains about the detailed view hardware architecture which includes CPUs, GPUs, Interconnect networks and applications used by the summit supercomputer
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A 32-BIT PIPELINED MIPS RISC PROCESSORVLSICS Design
Pipelining is a technique that exploits parallelism, among the instructions in a sequential instruction stream
to get increased throughput, and it lessens the total time to complete the work. . The major objective of this
architecture is to design a low power high performance structure which fulfils all the requirements of the
design. The critical factors like power, frequency, area, propagation delay are analysed using Spartan 3E
XC3E 1600e device with Xilinx tool.
Design and Analysis of A 32-bit Pipelined MIPS Risc ProcessorVLSICS Design
Pipelining is a technique that exploits parallelism, among the instructions in a sequential instruction stream to get increased throughput, and it lessens the total time to complete the work. . The major objective of this architecture is to design a low power high performance structure which fulfils all the requirements of the
design. The critical factors like power, frequency, area, propagation delay are analysed using Spartan 3E XC3E 1600e device with Xilinx tool. In this paper, the 32-bit MIPS RISC processor is used in 6-stage pipelining to optimize the critical performance factors. The fundamental functional blocks of the processor include Input/Output blocks, configurable logic blocks, Block RAM, and Digital clock Manager and each block permits to connect to multiple sources for the routing. The Auxiliary units enhance the performance of the processor. The comparative study elevates the designed model in terms of Area, Power and Frequency. MATLAB2D/3D graphs represents the relationship among various parameters of this pipelining. In this pipeline model, it consumes very less power (0.129 W),path delay (11.180 ns) and low LUT utilization (421). Similarly, the proposed model achieves better frequency increase (285.583 Mhz.), which obtained better results compared to other models.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A 32-BIT PIPELINED MIPS RISC PROCESSORVLSICS Design
Pipelining is a technique that exploits parallelism, among the instructions in a sequential instruction stream to get increased throughput, and it lessens the total time to complete the work. . The major objective of this architecture is to design a low power high performance structure which fulfils all the requirements of the design. The critical factors like power, frequency, area, propagation delay are analysed using Spartan 3E XC3E 1600e device with Xilinx tool. In this paper, the 32-bit MIPS RISC processor is used in 6-stage pipelining to optimize the critical performance factors. The fundamental functional blocks of the processor include Input/Output blocks, configurable logic blocks, Block RAM, and Digital clock Manager and each block permits to connect to multiple sources for the routing. The Auxiliary units enhance the performance of the processor. The comparative study elevates the designed model in terms of Area, Power and Frequency. MATLAB2D/3D graphs represents the relationship among various parameters of this pipelining. In this pipeline model, it consumes very less power (0.129 W),path delay (11.180 ns) and low LUT utilization (421). Similarly, the proposed model achieves better frequency increase (285.583 Mhz.), which obtained better results compared to other models.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
2. INDEX
Question?
What is PPC?
POWER Architecture
PPC
PPC Generations
Features
Pipelining
Block Diagram and description
PPC Vs. Pentium
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3. QUESTION???
What do the world’s fastest supercomputer, network
and communication equipments such as Internet
routers and switches, the Mars Rover, consumer
electronics such as set top boxes, and the game
consoles all have in common?
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ANSWER
They are powered by microprocessors based on
IBM’s POWER Architecture Instruction Set.
4. What is POWER??
POWER is an old RISC instruction set architecture
designed by IBM. The name is a backronym for :
Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC
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5. POWER ARCHITECTURE
Designed by IBM in the late 1980s when that company wanted a
high-performance RISC architecture for their mid-range
workstations and servers.
First implementation featured in the RS/6000 computers.
This was the 10-chip RIOS-1 processor, later called POWER1.
The RISC Single Chip (RSC) processor was developed from
RIOS-1.
The First RISC Chip Design was 801 CPU.
Two problems of 801 CPU design :
No floating point instructions.
No superscalar architecture used
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6. POWERPC
Based on IBM's POWER architecture.
Acronym of POWER Performance Computing.
Designed by AIM alliance i.e.. Apple, IBM and
Motorola.
A 32/64-bit instruction set of microprocessors derived
from POWER ISA, including some new elements.
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7. POWERPC GENERATIONS
G1 - The 601, 500 and 800 family processors.
G2 - The 602, 603, 604, 620, 8200 and 5000 families.
G3 - The 750 and 8300 families.
G4 - The 7400 and 8400* families.
G5 - The 7500* and 8500 families.
G6- The 7600*.
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8. FEATURES OF POWERPC
Superscalar processor.
Support for operation in both big-endian and little-
endian modes.
Can switch from one mode to the other at run-time.
Paged memory management architecture.
Simple processor design and multiprocessor features.
64-bit architecture.
Separate set of FPRs for floating-point instructions.
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9. TOUR TO PPC 750
Modified version of the POWER architecture.
High-performance and superscalar microprocessor.
As many as four instructions can be fetched from the instruction
cache per clock cycle.
As many as two instructions can be dispatched per clock.
As many as six instructions can be executed per clock (including
two integer instructions).
Single-clock-cycle execution for most instructions.
Six independent execution units and two register files.
Two integer units (IUs) that share thirty-two GPRs for integer
operands.
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10. Contd…
Three-stage FPU.
Two-stage LSU.
Rename buffers.
Six GPR rename buffers.
Six FPR rename buffers.
Condition register buffering supports two CR writes per
clock.
Completion unit.
Guarantees sequential programming model and a
precise exception model.
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11. Contd…
Power and thermal management :
Three static modes :
Doze : All the functional units are disabled except for the time
base/decrementer registers and the bus snooping logic.
Nap : The nap mode further reduces power consumption by
disabling bus snooping, leaving only the time base register and
the PLL in a powered state.
Sleep: All internal functional units are disabled, after which
external system logic may disable the PLL and SYSCLK.
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12. PIPELINING
PowerPC 750 is a pipelined, superscalar processor.
The FPU and LSU are also multiple-stage pipelines.
Execution units operate independently and in parallel :
Branch processing unit (BPU).
Integer unit 1 (IU1)—executes all integer instructions
Integer unit 2 (IU2)—executes all integer instructions except
multiplies and divides.
64-bit floating-point unit (FPU).
Load/store unit (LSU).
System register unit (SRU).
PowerPC 750 can execute two instructions on every
clock cycle.
Sunday, March 12, 2017
Thapar University, Patiala 12
13. Sunday, March 12, 2017 Thapar University, Patiala 13
FIG 1. Pipelining in PowerPC 750
14. Contd…
In general, it processes instructions in four stages: fetch,
decode/dispatch, execute, and complete.
PowerPC 750 has six independent execution units, two
for integer instructions, and one each for floating-point
instructions, branch instructions, load/store instructions,
and system register instructions.
Having separate GPRs and FPRs allows integer,
floating-point calculations, and load and store
operations to occur simultaneously without interference.
Sunday, March 12, 2017 Thapar University, Patiala 14
16. DESCRIPTION OF BLOCKS
Branch processing unit:
Four instructions fetched per clock.
One branch processed per cycle.
Up to 1 speculative stream in execution, 1 additional
speculative stream in fetch.
512-entry Branch History Table (BHT) for dynamic
prediction.
64-entry, 4-way set associative Branch Target Instruction
Cache (BTIC) for eliminating branch delay slots.
Sunday, March 12, 2017 Thapar University, Patiala 16
17. Contd…
Dispatch unit:
Holds as many as six instructions and dispatch two
instructions to six independent units (system, branch,
load/store, fixed-point unit 1, fixed-point unit 2, or floating-
point).
It continuously attempts to load as many instructions as there
were vacancies created in IQ.
All instructions except branches are dispatched to their
respective EUs.
Checks for source and destination register dependencies,
allocates rename buffers, determines whether a position is
available in the completion queue, and inhibits subsequent
instruction dispatching if these resources are not available.
Sunday, March 12, 2017 Thapar University, Patiala 17
18. Contd…
Load/store unit :
One cycle load or store cache access.
Effective address generation.
Alignment, zero padding, sign extend for integer register file.
Floating-point internal format conversion.
Sequencing for load/store multiples and string operations.
Store gathering.
Cache and TLB instructions.
System unit :
Logical instructions and miscellaneous system instructions.
Special register transfer instructions.
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19. Contd…
Fixed-point units :
Fixed-point unit 1 (FXU1) : multiply, divide, shift, rotate,
arithmetic, logical.
Fixed-point unit 2 (FXU2) : shift, rotate, arithmetic, logical.
Single-cycle arithmetic, shift, rotate, logical.
Multiply and divide support (multi-cycle).
Early out multiply.
Floating-point unit :
Support single- and double-precision floating-point arithmetic.
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20. Contd…
Integrated power management :
Low-power 2.0/3.3V design.
Three static power saving modes: doze, nap, and sleep.
Automatic dynamic power reduction when internal functional units
are idle.
Cache structure :
32K, 32-byte line, 8-way set associative instruction and data cache.
Single-cycle cache access.
Pseudo-LRU replacement.
Copy-back or write-through data cache.
Supports all PowerPC memory coherency modes.
Non-blocking instruction and data cache.
Sunday, March 12, 2017 Thapar University, Patiala
20
21. Contd…
Bus interface Unit :
Compatible with 60x processor interface.
32-bit address bus with parity checking.
64-bit data bus with parity checking.
Bus-to-core frequency multipliers from 2x to 10x.
Integrated Thermal Management Assist Unit :
On-chip thermal sensor and control logic.
Thermal Management Interrupts for software regulation of
junction temperature.
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22. Contd…
Level 2 (L2) cache interface :
Internal L2 cache controller and 4K-entry tags.
External data SRAMs.
256K, 512K, and 1 MB 2-way set associative L2 cache support.
Copy-back or write-through data cache.
Supports register-buffer and register-register pipelining.
Supports Core-to-L2 frequency divisors of ÷1, ÷1.5, ÷2, ÷2.5
and ÷3.
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23. POWERPC Vs. PENTIUM
Pentium PowerPC 601
Frequency 66 MHz 66 MHz
Die Size 264 mm² 120 mm²
Cache 16K 32K
Power 14 Watts 9 Watts
SPECInt92 64 60
SPECfp92 57 80
Price $950.00 $450.00
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