Introduction to microcontrollers,embedded systems and applications.Features of Microcontrollers

1. Introduction To MSP 430
Dr.Renu Madhavi.ch
Associate Professor

2. Introduction
 Historical background of the invention
and evolution of microprocessors and
microcontrollers
 Moores law
 Key features of mps
 Distiction between mp and mc
 Application

3. Historical background
 1947 invention of transistor
 1959 IC technology
 1965 birth of moores law
 1971development of first
microprocessor-cpu on a chip
 1978 development of first
microcontroller-computer on a chip

4. Moores law
 1965moore predicted that the
complexity of Ics for minimum cost
would double every year
 1975 complexity of Ics for minimum
cost would double every 18 months

5. Evolution of mps
 Main branch comprises
microprocessors starting from 4bit
4004 to 64 bit itanium.these are
typically used to realise general
purpose computers
 Second branch comprises
microcontrollers like8048,8051,8096
etc..these are typically used to realise
embedded systems

6.  Third branch comprises special
purpose processors like dsp and
network processors used in
specialised applications.

7. Fearures of mcs
 Smaller size
 Low cost
 Higher reliability
 Higher flexibility
 Functionally more powerful
 Lower power consumption

8. Applications
 General purpose
 Use in
pcs,laptops,workstations,supercompu
ters
 Embedded applications
 Consumer
electronics,instrumentation,process
control,communication,office,emergin
g multimedia,process control

9. Embedded System
 Definition: Any sort of device which
includes a programmable computer
but itself is not intended to be a
general-purpose computer”
Marilyn Wolf

10. Short list of Embedded systems
 Anti-lock brakes
 Automatic teller machines
 Automatic toll systems
 Avionic systems
 Battery chargers
 Camcorders
 Cell phones
 Cordless phones

11.  Teleconferencing systems
 Televisions
 Theft tracking systems
 TV set-top boxes
 VCR’s, DVD players
 Video game consoles
 Video phones
 Washers and dryers

12. Approaches to Embedded
Systems
 Timer for an Electric Toothbrush
 Small-Scale Integration: The 555
 Medium-Scale Integration: 4000
Series CMOS
 A suitable device for this application is the
4060. It contains a 14-bit ripple counter and an
 internal oscillator circuit to provide a clock,
which needs either a crystal or two
resistorsand a capacitor.(non electrolyte)

13.  The snag is that the 4060 comes in a 16-pin
package, so
 the overall circuit might take up more space
than with the 555.
 Large-Scale Integration: Small
Microcontroller
 They have complete internal oscillators, so no
external components are needed (except
perhapsa decoupling capacitor). Even these
tiny components can do far more than timing
30 s intervals

14.  Larger Systems
 Large embedded systems might
contain fairly standard personal
computers inside them.
 Many automatic teller machines
(ATMs) are built like this

15.  Application-specific integrated
circuits (ASICs):
 Field-programmable gate arrays
(FPGAs) and programmable logic
devices
 Microcontrollers:

16. Anatomy of a Typical Small
Microcontroller
 Central processing unit
 Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs
computation.
 Registers needed for the basic operation of the
CPU, such as the program
 counter (PC), stack pointer (SP), and status
register (SR). Further registers to hold
temporary results.
 Instruction decoder and other logic to control
the CPU, handle resets, andinterrupts, and so
on.

17.  Memory for the program
 Memory for data
 Input and output ports
 Address and data buses
 Clock
 Timers
 Watchdog timer

18.  Communication interfaces:
 Nonvolatile memory for data
 Analog-to-digital converter
 Digital-to-analog converter
 Real-time clock
 Monitor, background debugger,
and embedded emulator

19. Harvard architecture

20. Von Neuman Architecture

21. Essential components of a
microcontroller

22. Course need
 Course outline
Texas Instruments MSP430(Mixed
Signal Processor), which is a
straightforward, modern 16-bit
processor designed specially for low-
power applications

23. Features of MSP430
 Mixed-signal microcontroller family
 16-bit CPU
 Low cost, low power consumption
 Metering, wireless radio frequency
engineering (RF), battery-powered
applications
 MSP430x1xx - MSP430x5xx Series

24. References
John Davies”MSP 430 Microcontrollers
basics”