The document discusses the historical foundations of education during the Renaissance and Reformation periods. It describes Humanism as a movement that began in the 14th-16th centuries marked by a revival of classical Roman and Greek influences. Italian or individual Humanism stressed personal culture and development of elites, while Northern Humanism aimed to reform society through education accessible to all. The Reformation sought religious and moral reform through returning to biblical beliefs and promoting family values.

1. Historical Foundations of Education:Historical Foundations of Education:
HUMANISMHUMANISM
Foundations of Education
BBSI 1st
Semester 2015-2016
Prepared by: Jonathan Arroyo
Instructor: Pastor Manching

2. Topic OutlineTopic Outline
Humanism during the
Renaissance and Reformation
Period

3. Renaissance Period
Monalisa by Leonardo
Da Vinci
Pieta by Michelangelo

4. Renaissance Period
Columbus discovered
America
Columbus discovers
the earth revolved
around the sun

5. Reformation Period
Martin Luther started the
Reformation period Gutenburg Perfect Printing

6. HUMANISMHUMANISM
Derived from the Latin word humanitas which
means “culture”.
This movement started in the early part of the
14th
even up to the 16th
century.
This period was marked by a revival of the
classical influences of the Romans and Greeks,
expressed in the flowering of the arts and
literature as well as the beginning of modern
science.

7. The Renaissance PeriodThe Renaissance Period
 RENAISSANCE came from the French word “renaitre” .
 It was a general re-awakening, a revival or rebirth of learning.
 The renaissance upheld the dignity of the human being, renewed the
spirit of nationalism.
 It is also the time for increased trade among countries, and a period
of exploration.
 This lead to scientific research which was used to solve problems.
 Books were printed and thus were made more widely available.

8. Different movements that ariseDifferent movements that arise
during the Renaissance Periodduring the Renaissance Period
Humanism
The Reformation
Protestant Reformation
Catholic-Counter Reformation
Realism
Disciplinism
Rationalism
Naturalism
Nationalism
Developmentalism

9. Humanistic Education was theHumanistic Education was the
outgrowth of the renaissance.outgrowth of the renaissance.
It identified two phases:It identified two phases:
1. Italian Humanism or individual
humanism
2. Humanism North of the Alps or the
Social humanism

12. Italian or
individual
humanism
This stressed
personal culture,
individual
freedom and
the
development
of the elite
group.

13. Aims of Italian HumanismAims of Italian Humanism
1. Academic Freedom
2. Abundant Living
3. Liberal Education

14. Types of EducationTypes of Education
1. Literary and Aesthetic
Education
2. Physical Education
3. Moral and Religious Training
4. Intellectual Training

15. Agencies of Humanistic EducationAgencies of Humanistic Education
1. Lower or elementary schools
2. Secondary or Court schools
3. Universities
Organization of Grade LevelsOrganization of Grade Levels
1. Girls were taught by tutors at home
2. The boys had to go through school step
by step: elementary, high school and
university.

16. Methods of InstructionMethods of Instruction
1. Lecture
2. Writing Themes
3. Development of Self-expression
4. Development of interest and
power of thinking
5. Balanced mental and physical
activity.

17. Methods of InstructionMethods of Instruction (cont.)(cont.)
6. Curriculum was varied and
there was alteration of
subjects.
7. Discipline was mild and
motivation was emphasized.
8. Punishment – not used as
motivation for learning

18. FinancingFinancing
Rich children paid fees but poor
children did not.
Bright but poor children
received aid.
The court (secondary) schools
were founded and supported by
the princes and dukes of the
Italian city-states.

19. Italian Humanism contributed theItalian Humanism contributed the
following to education:following to education:
1. Secondary schools served as models in other
countries.
2.Academic freedom was founded: freedom of
thought, self-expression, and creative
activity.
3.Revival of Roman and Greek classics.
4.Used of texts and less of lectures and written
themes instead of oral recitation.

21. Humanism North of the AlpsHumanism North of the Alps
This Social Humanism started by the work
of the Hieronymians or Brothers of the
Common Life, a nonmonastic order
founded in Holland 1376.
Characteristics of the Northern
Humanism
1.The piety of the brethren – Kempis
2.Their broad literary spirit - Erasmus

22. Popular Humanist during this time:
Erasmus
1466-1536
- a Dutch scholar
- Known for his
educational works
“Liberal Education
of children” & “On
the Order of Study”

23. Popular Humanist during this time:
Thomas à Kempis
1380-1471
- a German writer
- Known for his works
in volumes and one
volume is entitled
“The Imitation of
Christ”

24. Aims of Northern HumanismAims of Northern Humanism
1. Social – to reform society from greed,
selfishness and exploitation by Church
and political leaders.
2. Religious and moral – morality ahead of
manners.
3. Literacy – to wipe out the ignorance of
the people.
4. Literary
5. Democratic – to make education
accessible to all classes of society.

25. Types of EducationTypes of Education
1. Social education
2. Religious and moral education
3. Literacy education
4. Literary education
5. Democratic education

26. Agencies of EducationAgencies of Education
1. Lower or elementary schools
2. Secondary schools
Famous secondary schools
◦St. Paul School in London by John Colet
◦Gymnasium in Germany by Johann Sturm
1. Universities
Famous Universities
◦Cambridge – Erasmus was the first teacher
◦Oxford
◦University of Wittenburg – by Melanchthon

27. Methods of InstructionMethods of Instruction
1. Individualized instruction
2. Ciceronianism
3. Double translation – Roger Ascham
◦ Praise was used instead of punishment
4.Educational Psychology
5.Imitation and Memorization
6.A class-a-year practice.

28. Outstanding Contributions of theOutstanding Contributions of the
Northern Humanism to EducationNorthern Humanism to Education
1. The class-a-year practice
2. The emphasis on social
purposes of Education

29. Different movements that ariseDifferent movements that arise
during the Renaissance Periodduring the Renaissance Period
THE REFORMATIONTHE REFORMATION

31. The aim of Protestant Reformers was not just
religious moralism but also the return to
biblical belief and practice.
Education must provide adequate training in
the duties at home.
It also promoted parental discipline and a
sound family life as a foundations of a good
government.
Different movements that arise during the Renaissance Period
– THE REFORMATION – Protestant Reformation