Power Plant Simulator, Unloading and shutting the Turbogenerator
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The Presentation describes the steps for gradual unloading of the machine/turbogenerator for a planned shutdown. The steps are described in the presentation.
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- Air in the feed water system - presence of air can cause inconsistent flow. Need to bleed air from the system.
- Restriction in the feed water line - build up of scale or debris inside the line can restrict flow. Need to inspect and clean the line if required.
- Incorrect setting of water level controllers - level controllers may be set too sensitively causing them to hunt. Need to adjust settings.
- Blowdown valve partially open -
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Cost accounting, cost control and cost reduction in TPS
The subject matter discuss in details about the cost accounting being practiced in a thermal power station for calculating the actual cost of generation of electricity. The cost centres and the cost affecting factors alongwith steps to reduce the cost of generation are described in the presentation. The PPMS system adopted can be further be well designed by any power plant engineer.
Environmental and pollution control in Thermal Power Stations
The presentation gives the basic idea as to the environment, pollutions and laws, the governing bodies and the limits of the emmissions. Also specifically about the solid waste, liquid waste and the gas emmissions from the Thermal Power Plants.
Energy Audit & Energy Conservation Opportunities in Electrical Equipments ...
The discussion is for the Energy Conservation drive in the thermal power plants in the Auxilliary Consumption of the Electrical Auxilliaries in the Plant and thereby identify the steps to be taken for the reduction in Auxilliary Consumption
Fuels and Combustion Equations
The presentation details the process of combustion in a 500 MW Coal based Thermal Power Plant where the main fuel is Pulverised coal. It details about the combustion of coal partical in the furnace and also the combustion equations related to the process, the excess air that is supplied.
Basics of thermal power stations
The presentation gives an idea about the primary requirements for the establishment of a coal based THERMAL POWER STATION. The estimates are quite fair.
Effect of Coal Quality and Performance of Coal pulverisers / Mills
The presentation discusses about the change in performance parameters of a pulveriser due to change in coal quality and the measurement of performance and troubleshooting of coal firing system as a whole.
Thermal power plant efficiency
The Presentation describes the basics about the Efficiency and performance of a steam based power plant. It also describes how the heat rate of the power plant is important from the point of view of fuel savings.
210 mw turbine cycle heat rate
The Presentation describes and calculates the LMW 210 MW Steam Turbine with actual parameters of steam, condensate and feed water
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This document outlines the methodology for conducting an energy audit of a turbine cycle. It discusses collecting operational data on the steam turbine and associated equipment. Key measurements of steam and water parameters throughout the cycle are described. The document explains evaluating the turbine's heat rate and efficiency using enthalpy calculations. Factors that could impact the heat rate such as equipment performance, operating conditions and maintenance issues are identified. Methods to analyze the performance of feedwater heaters and determine deviations are also provided.
THERMAL POWER PLANT EFFICIENCY AND HEAT RATE
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Biomass Power Plants
This document discusses biomass power plants and provides calculations to determine the amount of biomass needed to generate 1 megawatt hour (MWh) of electricity. It explains that biomass is considered carbon neutral, as long as it is replanted and harvested sustainably. Common sources of biomass for fuel are then outlined, along with their composition and heating values. A simple calculation is presented that determines about 0.72 kilograms of biomass on a moisture-and-ash-free basis is needed to generate 1 MWh, with adjustments made depending on the biomass moisture content and ash percentage. Annual biomass requirements are estimated for a sample 5 megawatt biomass power plant.
Swot Analysis
This document discusses various strategic planning tools including SWOT analysis, Porter's five forces analysis, competitor analysis, and resource gap analysis. SWOT analysis involves analyzing internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats. Porter's five forces model examines the competitive environment through analyzing the threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, threat of substitutes, and rivalry among existing competitors. Competitor analysis assesses a competitor's objectives, strategies, assumptions, capabilities, and potential responses. Resource gap analysis identifies performance gaps between business requirements and current capabilities to determine investment needs.
Boiler Drum level measurement in Thermal Power Stations
The paper describes the basics of Boiler Drum water Level measurement in a Thermal Power Station. The Single element and three element control has been described in a very simple manner. Useful for the Thermal Engineers
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### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
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1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
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- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
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- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
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Power Plant Simulator, Unloading and shutting the Turbogenerator
- 1. THERMAL POWER PLANT OPERATIONS Simulator Part 9- Day 5 MANOHAR TATWAWADI Director, tops A2-806, PALLADION, BALEWADI, PUNE 411045 Mob: 9372167165, Email:-mtatwawadi@gmail.com 01-Nov-19 total output power solutions 1
- 2. Planned Shutdown of Unit • A Planned shutdown involves a gradual load reduction. • If gradual load reduction is not followed may result in thermal stresses, distortions, and misalignment of turbine flow path elements.
- 3. PLANNED SHUTDOWN GRADUAL UNLOADING PROCEDURE • The unloading should be carried out @ 3MW per Minute at rated parameters. The rate of unloading mainly depends on the differential contraction of HP Rotor. • After reducing load to 160 MW, switch off HP Heaters from steam side first and then drain side. • Switch off one of the Boiler feed pumps at 90-100 MW load. • At about 70 MW check that Drip Pump gets switched off under automatic controller action. • At 50 MW load, changeover supply from UAT to Station Transformer. • At 20-30 MW trip the turbine from control desk. • Check ESVs, IVs, Control valves of IPT and HPT, MS1 and MS2 are closed. • At speed 2800 RPM start the Starting Oil Pump.
- 4. GRADUAL UNLOADING PROCEDURE • When rotor comes to standstill, start barring gear and keep it running till the temp of lower part of HP casing drops to 170 Deg C. • Stop the SOP and Keep the AC LOP and AC Seal Oil Pump running. • Break Vacuum now by opening the Vacuum Breaker and stop steam supply to glands and gland steam ejector. Also close all air valves and steam valves of the main/standby ejector. • Stop the condensate pumps and stop the condensate supply to ESV and IV servomotors. • After the turbine is shutdown the drains and blowdowns on steam admission pipes and cylinders should not be opened till the metal temp falls below 200 Deg C.
- 5. PLANNED SHUTDOWN • If the turbine is to be restarted before the metal temp reaches 200 Deg C, then the drains and blowndown cocks are only opened during preparation for restarting. • Drains may remain closed if the turbine has been stopped for a period not exceeding 6 Hours. • Circulating water pumps should be stopped only when the temp of LPT falls below 55 Deg C. • Boiler may be banked by stopping the ID and FD fans for short shutdowns.