Turbine Stress Control Logic, Calculation & WorkingTahoor Alam Khan
Turbine Stress Control is one of the complex logics of BHEL turbine. This presentation clearly explains the Logic, working, calculations and influence of the same on operation of steam turbine. For further details and understanding, I can be reached on tahoorkhn03@gmail.com.
Turbine Stress Control Logic, Calculation & WorkingTahoor Alam Khan
Turbine Stress Control is one of the complex logics of BHEL turbine. This presentation clearly explains the Logic, working, calculations and influence of the same on operation of steam turbine. For further details and understanding, I can be reached on tahoorkhn03@gmail.com.
In this presentation study on the basic parts of the steam turbine as following turbine casting, turbine rotors, turbine blades, shrouds, turbine bearing device, turbine seals, turbine couplings, governor and lubrication system.
Boiler Follow Mode: The boiler is divorced from the generation control, which means the steam turbine utilizes stored energy in the boiler to provide immediate load response. The boiler must then change firing rate to bring pressure back to setpoint.
Turbine Follow Mode: Turbine control valves maintain a set pressure while the boiler fires to maintain load. Drawback here is a slower generation response. There are variations with this scheme, in that the turbine control valves can be fully opened at higher loads to minimize the energy penalty associated with the DP loss across them. In that case, it has been called sliding-pressure control, or even cascade control.
Coordinated Control: In general, you provide various logic schemes to move the steam turbine valves for quick load response, as well as fire the boiler for the anticipated energy requirements of the boiler (generally via an energy balance equation).
Super Critical Technology-Fundamental Concepts about Super Critical Technolog...Raghab Gorain
Nicely describe everything about super critical technology in thermal power plant.This slide is very useful for the freshers.Anybody can get the basic fundamental idea about super critical technology from this slide. In India now we have to think some new technology for power sources as sub critical power plants are less efficient and emit more pollutant to the environment and the alternative is the 'Super Critical Power Plant'.
This deals with Boiler feed pumps used in power plants .
contains details about the KHI and FK series pumps , technical parameters and maintenance prctices followed for these pumps
In this presentation study on the basic parts of the steam turbine as following turbine casting, turbine rotors, turbine blades, shrouds, turbine bearing device, turbine seals, turbine couplings, governor and lubrication system.
Boiler Follow Mode: The boiler is divorced from the generation control, which means the steam turbine utilizes stored energy in the boiler to provide immediate load response. The boiler must then change firing rate to bring pressure back to setpoint.
Turbine Follow Mode: Turbine control valves maintain a set pressure while the boiler fires to maintain load. Drawback here is a slower generation response. There are variations with this scheme, in that the turbine control valves can be fully opened at higher loads to minimize the energy penalty associated with the DP loss across them. In that case, it has been called sliding-pressure control, or even cascade control.
Coordinated Control: In general, you provide various logic schemes to move the steam turbine valves for quick load response, as well as fire the boiler for the anticipated energy requirements of the boiler (generally via an energy balance equation).
Super Critical Technology-Fundamental Concepts about Super Critical Technolog...Raghab Gorain
Nicely describe everything about super critical technology in thermal power plant.This slide is very useful for the freshers.Anybody can get the basic fundamental idea about super critical technology from this slide. In India now we have to think some new technology for power sources as sub critical power plants are less efficient and emit more pollutant to the environment and the alternative is the 'Super Critical Power Plant'.
This deals with Boiler feed pumps used in power plants .
contains details about the KHI and FK series pumps , technical parameters and maintenance prctices followed for these pumps
I have completed my summer training at BHEL power plant at Bawana. This plant is overhanded by BHEL northern region,It is design to produce the 1500 MW electricity for supply to the DELHI and DELHI -NCR.. plant is combined cycle gas power plant that is integrated to the heat power plant that is work on the Rankine cycle. i have train under experienced senior engineers.✌
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
4. Parameters for Critical State
• Steam Pressure > 221.2 Bar
• Steam Temperature > 374.15 Deg C
Ultra Supercritical Pressure 300 BAR
Increase in steam parameters results in significant improvement in efficiency
With higher cycle efficiency, the supercritical cycle offers lower emission &
lesser pollutants – SOX , NOX & CO2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
500 MW 660 MW
Sub critical
170 ata / 537 °C / 537 °C
Super Critical
247 ata / 565 °C / 593 °C
Improvement
4.3 %
Entropy
Temperature
Supercritical Cycles
5. Details of Super-Critical Units in 10th , 11th , 12th &13th 5 Year Plans
Sub Critical
(MW)
660
MW
(No.)
800
MW
(No.)
Super Critical
(MW)
TOTAL
MW
10th Plan 9620 0 0 0 9620
11th Plan 45470 7 1 5420 50890
12th Plan 18270 25 33 42,900 61,170
13th Plan 4000 36 36 52,560 56,560
Power Projections
Comparison between SubCritical & SuperCritical (MW)
9620
45470
18270
4000
0
5420
42,900
52,560
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan 13th Plan
Total Subcritical (MW) Total Super critical (MW)
20. Section through HP admission with
sealing between HP inner and outer
shell
Section through HP admission
without sealing between HP inner
and outer shell
500 MW 660 MW
HP Turbine
41. Governing System
660 MW steam
turbine equipped
with high pressure
electro-hydraulic
governing system
Advantage:
• Compact design
• Less control fluid piping
• Less erection and commissioning
time
42. Characteristics 500 MW
(Low Pressure Gov.)
660 MW
(High Pressure Gov.)
Operating Pressure 8/32 Bar 160 Bar
IP valves Suspended Casing mounted
Control signal to
Actuator
Hydraulic Electronic
Size of Actuators Bulky Compact
Control & Protection
Elements
Hydraulic / Electro-
hydraulic
Electronic
Governing System
43. Advantages of high pressure EHA based governing system
• Bulky servomotors replaced with compact
actuators leading to compact layout in TG hall
• Governing & protection racks replaced by
electronic systems
• Faster response due to state of art electronic
control and protection systems
• Reduced manufacturing time at shop
• Turbine driven MOP replaced with motor driven
pump
• Mechanical Emergency governor replaced by
electronic protection system, eliminating actual
over speeding at site
44. Additional features
• Less noise because of latest features hence no
cleading up to 85 db
• Hydraulic turning wheel for barring replaced by
Hydraulic turning motor at front bearing pedestal
similar to 250 MW
• Steam strainer elements built in the valves resulting
in elimination of strainer housings
45. LP Bypass valve
Advantages:
1. Considerable reduction in overall space
2. Use of just one actuator, lower control fluid
consumption and simplified C&I. Small
sized HPSU
3. Overall weight of valve assembly will be
less
4. Less number of O&M Spares needed
5. Procurement and O&M cost will be much
less
In 500 MW LP Bypass, combined
stop & control valve is used
For 660 MW, single stem LP
Bypass valve having both stop
& control function will be used
46. Lub oil system in 500 MW set consists of
• Main Oil Tank
• Main Oil Pump (Turbine Driven)
• Auxiliary Oil Pump (2X100%)
• Emergency Oil Pump
• Jacking Oil Pump (2X100%)
• Oil Vapour Exhausters (2X100%)
• Oil Coolers (2X100%)
• Duplex Oil Filters (Lub Oil & Jacking Oil)
• Seal Oil Storage Tank
• Temp control valve, butterfly, pressure limit
valves
47. LUB OIL MODULE
el. temperature
control valve,
Toil=50°C
2x100%
lube oil pumps,
centrifugal pumps, 6 bar
Emergency oil pump,
220V battery voltage
2x100%
lifting oil pumps,
vane pumps,
max. 175bar,
switch off at 9s-1
oil vapor
demister,
acc. to german
regulations
(TA-Luft)
main throttle,
min. flow
lube oil
double filter
(2x100%, 25µm)
return line
2x100%
plate heat exchanger,
controlled by oil side
2x100%
lifting oil filter 25µm,
pressure control valve
tank
module design exemplary
Off-line-filter
OLF60, 3µm
Lub Oil Module in 660 MW
49. • Turbine driven main oil pump in 500
MW set is replaced by motor driven
lub oil pump in 660 MW
Advantage:
1. Injectors in system are avoided
2. Interconnecting pipe between injectors &
MOP is no more required
3. Smaller main oil tank
Main Oil Pump
50. • Electric actuators of angle drain
valves replaced by pneumatic
actuators
Advantage:
In case of loss of control air, valves
move immediately in the defined fail
safe position.
A motorised valve remains in the actual
position in case of power loss and need
to be operated manually
Drain Valves
51. Steam Strainers
Steam strainers in 660
MW unit are located
inside turbine valves
(ESV & IV) and hence
separate strainer
housings in MS & HRH
lines are eliminated.
53. STEAM TURBINE Unit 1 Unit 2
1 H. P. Turbine SAG SAG
2 I. P. Turbine SAG BHEL
3 L. P. Rotor SAG BHEL
4 L. P. Inner casing SAG BHEL
5 L. P. Outer casing BHEL BHEL
6 Cross Around Piping SAG BHEL
7 FB Pedestal SAG BHEL
8 HP Pedestal SAG BHEL
9 IP Pedestal SAG BHEL
10 LP Pedestal SAG BHEL
11 ESV & CV SAG BHEL
12 IVCV SAG BHEL
13 LPBP Valve BHEL BHEL
14 Governing Control Rack NA NA
15 LPBP Control Rack NA NA
16 Valves (CRH NRV, EXTRACTION NRVS,
OVERLOAD VALVES)
SAG BHEL
17 Instruments & Rack SAG SAG
18 Tools & Tackles SAG NA
19 TG Dec Embedments BHEL BHEL
20 Oil Module BHEL BHEL
21 Piping and Mounting Accessories (Turbine
Integral Piping System)
BHEL BHEL
25 Base Plate Assembly BHEL BHEL
800 MW TG SETS
660 MW BARH TG SETS
Division of Work
54. 660 MW TG SETS
AVAILABILITY OF DOCUMENTS:
-The schedule given by Siemens indicates documents flow starting
Oct’ 2009 up to end of 2010.
-This does not suit BHEL
e.g. – LP outer casing is to be supplied by BHEL by February 2011
while Siemens’ date of supply of document is Oct’ 2010. Similar case
exists for other assemblies for set no.-2 (in BHEL scope).
- Preponment of 6-12 months required.
- Detailed letter being sent to Siemens by 10th July 2009.
- Documents for HP module shall be available from Siemens after
signing of TCAE3.
55. 660 MW TG SETS
MANUFACTURING FACILITIES FOR TURBINES:
• Facility planned for weld overlay for HP / IP rotors.
• No other special facility is required for manufacture of these
turbines.
• Machining facilities had been evaluated on the basis of 660 MW
documentation received for Swarzpumpe project.
• Documentation for Barh project is yet to be received. It is envisaged
that being a modular design, major changes necessitating new
machines are not expected.
