Design science research (DSR) has staked its rightful ground as an important and legitimate Information Systems (IS) research paradigm. We contend that DSR has yet to attain its full potential impact on the development and use of information systems due to gaps in the understanding and application of DSR concepts and methods. This essay aims to help researchers (1) appreciate the levels of artifact abstractions that may be DSR contributions, (2) identify appropriate ways of consuming and producing knowledge when they are preparing journal articles or other scholarly works, (3) understand and position the knowledge contributions of their research projects, and (4) structure a DSR article so that it emphasizes significant contributions to the knowledge base. Our focal contribution is the DSR knowledge contribution framework with two dimensions based on the existing state of knowledge in both the problem and solution domains for the research opportunity under study. In addition, we propose a DSR communication schema with similarities to more conventional publication patterns, but which substitutes the description of the DSR artifact in place of a traditional results section. We evaluate the DSR contribution framework and the DSR communication schema via examinations of DSR exemplar publications.It is clear from the preceding that every “art” [technique] has its speculative and its practical side. Its speculation is the theoretical knowledge of the principles of the technique; its practice is but the habitual and instinctive application of these principles. It is difficult if not impossible to make much progress in the application without theory; conversely, it is difficult to understand the theory without knowledge of the technique.

1. POSITIONING AND PRESENTING
DESIGN SCIENCE RESEARCH FOR
MAXIMUM IMPACT
Gregor & Hevner (2013)
Presenters:
1. Muhammad Nauman Shahid
2. Zhu Cungen

2. Objectives
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 What is/are:
Information Systems about?
Design science research (DSR)?
Research process in DSR?
Types of knowledge and contributions made to
DSR
 Publication schema for DSR
 Publication opportunities and reasons for acceptance
 Conclusion

3. What is Information Systems (IS) about?
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• “Information Systems is the study of the understandings people require
so they can create new value, and of the analysis, design,
development, deployment, operation, and management of systems to
inform these understandings.” (Nunamaker & Briggs, 2011, p. 20:3)
• “Information systems are implemented within an organization for the
purpose of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of that
organization.” (Hevner et al., 2004, p. 76)

4. What is design science research (DSR)?
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• Two paradigms in IS research: (Hevner et al., 2004, p. 75)
1. Behavioral science: “Develop and verify theories that explain or predict
human or organizational behavior”
2. Design science: “Extend the boundaries of human and organizational
capabilities by creating new and innovative artifacts”.
• “An IT artifact, implemented in an organizational context, is often the object of
study in IS behavioral-science research.” (ibid., p. 77)
• “Design science creates and evaluates IT artifacts intended to solve identified
organizational problems.” (ibid.)
• “In IS, DSR involves the construction of a wide range of socio-technical artifacts
such as decision support systems, modeling tools, governance strategies, methods
for IS evaluation, and IS change interventions.” (Gregor & Hevner, 2013, p. 337)

5. How does the research process in DSR look
like?
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Peffers et al. (2008), p. 54
Figure 1. DSRM Process Model

6. Types of knowledge in DSR (1/2)
Gregor & Hevner (2013), p. 343 7
 There are two interlinked types of knowledge in DSR, both which form
the knowledge base for DSR
–  - Decriptive Knowledge  behavorial science research
• “is the "what" knowledge about natural phenomena and the
laws and regularities among phenomena”
–  - Prescriptive Knowledge  design science research
• “is the "how" knowledge of human-built artifacts”
 Both knowledge types are used to inform and ground the research
process

7. Types of knowledge in DSR (2/2)
Gregor & Hevner (2013), p. 344
8

8. How do these knowledge types work
together?
Gregor & Hevner (2013), p. 344 9

9. What kinds of DSR contribution types are
there?
9
Gregor & Hevner (2013), p. 342

10. DSR knowledge contribution framework:
maturity of artifacts versus maturity of
problem context
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0
Gregor & Hevner (2013), p. 345

11. For which knowledge contributions are
there publication opportunities?
11
Goes, P. B. (2014), p.v

12. How should a DSR publication be structured?
1
2
Gregor & Hevner (2013), p. 350

13. Wrapping-up: What are overall reasons for
paper acceptance in IS Journals?
1
3
Straub, D. W. (2013), p. v

14. Summary
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 DSR is about knowledge contributions in terms of socio-
technical artifacts
 DSR has a defined research process
 Two interlinked types of knowledge in DSR (descriptive and
prescriptive)
 Knowledge contributions can be of different kinds
(improvement, invention, exaptation, routine)
 Defined publication schema for DSR
 Required and enhancing elements for IS paper acceptance

15. References
 Goes, P. B. (2014): Design Science Research in Top Information Systems
Journals. In: MIS Quarterly, 38 (1), pp. iii-viii
 Gregor, S.; Hevner, A. R. (2013): Positioning and Presenting Design Science
Research for Maximum Impact. In: MIS Quarterly, 37 (2), pp. 337-355
 Hevner, A. R.; March, S. T.; Park, J.; Ram, S. (2004): Design Science in
Information Systems Research. In: MIS Quarterly, 28 (1), pp. 75-105
 Nunamaker & Briggs (2011): Toward a Broader Vision for Information Systems. In: ACM
Transactions on Management Information Systems, 2 (4), pp. 20:1-20:12
 Peffers, K.; Tuunanen, T.; Rothenberger, M. A.; Chatterjee, S. (2008): A Design Science
Research Methodology for Information Systems Research. In: Journal of Management
Information Systems, 24 (3), pp. 45-77
 Straub, D. W. (2009): Editor's Comments: Why Top Journals Accept Your Paper. In:
MIS Quarterly, 33 (3), pp. iii-x
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