The presentation casts a brief introduction and contributions of Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn who are known as the "fathers of the modern internet".

1. CONTRIBUTIONS OF TURING AWARD
WINNERS 2004
Muhammad Nauman Shahid
Department of Information Systems and Analytics
School of Computing

2. Introduction
• The IoT will have 1 trillion interconnected devices by 2022 which
would not have been possible without the original Internet which
evolved with the contributions of four IEEE Life Fellows: Paul
Baran, Vinton Cerf, Robert Kahn, and Leonard Kleinrock.
• Paul Baran and Leonard Kleinrock are packet-switching pioneers,
whereas, Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn are protocol partners.
• They were influential in developing parts of the predecessor to the
Internet, known as the ARPANET.
• ARPA is an acronym for “Advanced Research Projects Agency”
(now known as DARPA after “Defense” was added to its name).
• In this presentation, we will discuss the contributions of Vinton
Cerf and Robert Kahn.

3. Turing Award Winners (2004)
Cerf, Vinton (“Vint”) Gray
Kahn, Robert (“Bob”) Elliot
• Fathers of the Internet
• Awarded with a Turing Award in 2004 for their pioneer work in Internet
communications, including the design and implementation of communications
protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking.

4. Background
Motivation while working with DARPA (The Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency) Networking.
• ARPANET
• Developed to share software and computing resources
• Command and Control Using Computers
• Vehicles on Ground>> Packet radio
• Marine & Ships>> Packet Satellite

5. Implementation of Original ARPANET
360
#4
UTAH
#3
UCSB
#2
SRI
#1
UCLA
PDP
10
940
Sigma
7
• Works on NCP (Network Control Program) Protocol for ARPANET
developed by Cerf, Vinton Gray.
• Four nodes.
• The first switch Sigma 7 was connected to UCLA in 1969.

6. Internet Evolution Timeline
• 1969—ARPANET
• 1971—ALOHANET (University of Hawaii)
• 1973 to 1974—Internet (Cerf, Kahn)
• Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• 1975 to 1978—TCP/IP design iterations, Packet
Radio, and Satellite
• 1979 to 1982—Operating System Implementation
• 1983—Commercial Internet and ARPANET
decommissioning.
• 1984—Domain Name Server (DNS) was introduced.
• 1993—Invention of WWW.

7. Typical Packet Switching Network
[1]
[1] Cerf, V. G., and Kahn, R. E. 1974. “A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication,” IEEE Transactions on Communications. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092259).
Key Features
• Distinct addressing.
• Different sizes of data for
each network.
• Different ways to measure
success or failure of
transmission delay and
performance.
• Data mutation and restoration
requiring interaction of both
sides.
• Distant mechanisms of status
information, routing, and fault
detection.
• Lacks interface for
interconnection of networks
with different ownership.

8. Development of Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) [1]
• The gateway communication mechanism.
• Three Individual Networks A, B, and C interconnected by two gateways.
• The Internetwork packet format consists of a local header, internetwork
header, and text.
• TCP identifier
• Satisfies process level communication.
• Satisfies addressing mechanism.
• Retransmission and duplicate detection.
• Flow Control.
• Input/output handling.
[1] Cerf, V. G., and Kahn, R. E. 1974. “A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication,” IEEE Transactions on Communications. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092259).

9. Layered Architecture of the
Internet
Web FTP Mail News Video Audio
Ethernet 802.11
Power
Lines
ATM Optical Satellite
Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
TCP/UDP
IP
• Many applications transports and link protocols.
• All use IP at the network layer, universal protocol.

10. Summary of Contributions
1. Cerf developed Network Control Program protocol
for ARPANET.
2. Cerf and Kahn co-developed TCP/IP which forms the
basis for modern internet and routing systems.
3. Kahn developed the basis of open-architecture
networking, which allows computers and networks
all over the world to communicate with one another,
regardless of the hardware or software the
computers uses.
4. Design and Implementation of TCP/IP.
5. Inspired Leadership.
6. Linked three different networks forming Internet.

11. Impact
• Transition of ARPANET from military/research
network to civilian network.
• Networks can connect to any other networks,
creating a "network of networks", capable of
expanding virtually infinitely.
• Ability to add networks without interruption to
existing networks.
• Platform independence.
• The birth of World Wide Web.
• Wireless networking.
• Dissemination of multiple types of information
across networks.

12. Question & Answer