Switching and Port Security
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
6 likes•1,743 views
This document discusses port security on switches. It describes switches as devices that forward data from input and output ports to their destinations. It outlines different types of port security including dynamic, static, and sticky MAC address configurations. It also discusses what causes port security violations and the different violation modes of shutdown, protect, and restrict.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Port Security
This document discusses port security on Cisco switches. It explains that by default all switch ports are open, allowing any device to connect. Port security allows restricting a port to only allow specific MAC addresses, preventing unauthorized access. It provides steps to configure port security by defining the port as an access port, enabling port security, and specifying allowed MAC addresses. It also describes optional settings like violation actions and maximum MAC addresses. An example configuration is given to demonstrate learning and blocking additional MACs on a port.
Switch security
The document discusses various switch security concepts and configuration including:
- Defense in depth with multiple layers of security and controlling network access.
- MAC flooding and spoofing attacks and how switches use MAC address tables to forward traffic.
- Port security features like limiting MAC addresses, locking ports based on violations, and aging secure addresses.
- Storm control to limit broadcast traffic and prevent denial of service attacks.
- DHCP snooping to prevent unauthorized DHCP servers and spoofing of client requests.
- Dynamic ARP inspection to validate ARP packets match the DHCP snooping database.
Mitigating Layer2 Attacks
Securing network switches at the layer 2 level is important to prevent various attacks. The document outlines steps to secure administrative access to switches, protect the management port, turn off unused services and interfaces, and use features like DHCP snooping, dynamic ARP inspection (DAI), port security, and VLANs to mitigate attacks like VLAN hopping, STP manipulation, DHCP spoofing, ARP spoofing, CAM table overflows, and MAC address spoofing. Following configuration best practices and securing switches at layer 2 helps strengthen network security.
Ch 19 Network-layer protocols Section 1
The document describes the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). It discusses the IPv4 datagram format including the header fields, fragmentation, and options. It also covers how IPv4 provides an unreliable datagram delivery service and must be paired with TCP for reliability. The document discusses security issues with IPv4 like packet sniffing, modification, and spoofing, and how IPSec can provide protection against these attacks.
Network Security- port security.pptx
This document discusses port security features on Cisco switches. Port security allows controlling which source MAC addresses are allowed on a switch port. If an unauthorized MAC address enters a port, the switch can take actions like shutting down the port or discarding traffic from the unauthorized MAC. Port security modes include shutdown, restrict, and protect. Features like secure MAC address aging and sticky MAC learning are also covered. The document provides an overview of port security configuration and commands.
Spanning tree protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is standardized as IEEE 802.1D.
Is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network.
Cisco ASA Firewalls
Cisco's ASA55xx series are adaptive security appliances that provide firewall, IPSec and SSL VPN capabilities. The appliances range from small office/home office models like the ASA550x to data center models like the ASA558x. All models support stateful packet inspection firewalls and VPN endpoints. Optional modules allow for intrusion prevention, content filtering, and additional network interfaces. Licenses determine the number of supported VPN connections and interfaces/VLANs.
Access control list [1]
Access control lists (ACLs) can be used for filtering and identifying network traffic. ACLs are composed of rules that either permit or deny traffic based on conditions like source/destination addresses, protocols, and port numbers. Numbered ACLs range from 1-99 for standard IP and 100-199 for extended IP. Named ACLs have no number limit. Standard ACLs filter based only on source IP while extended ACLs examine both source and destination addresses, protocol, and port numbers.
Recommended
Port Security
This document discusses port security on Cisco switches. It explains that by default all switch ports are open, allowing any device to connect. Port security allows restricting a port to only allow specific MAC addresses, preventing unauthorized access. It provides steps to configure port security by defining the port as an access port, enabling port security, and specifying allowed MAC addresses. It also describes optional settings like violation actions and maximum MAC addresses. An example configuration is given to demonstrate learning and blocking additional MACs on a port.
Switch security
The document discusses various switch security concepts and configuration including:
- Defense in depth with multiple layers of security and controlling network access.
- MAC flooding and spoofing attacks and how switches use MAC address tables to forward traffic.
- Port security features like limiting MAC addresses, locking ports based on violations, and aging secure addresses.
- Storm control to limit broadcast traffic and prevent denial of service attacks.
- DHCP snooping to prevent unauthorized DHCP servers and spoofing of client requests.
- Dynamic ARP inspection to validate ARP packets match the DHCP snooping database.
Mitigating Layer2 Attacks
Securing network switches at the layer 2 level is important to prevent various attacks. The document outlines steps to secure administrative access to switches, protect the management port, turn off unused services and interfaces, and use features like DHCP snooping, dynamic ARP inspection (DAI), port security, and VLANs to mitigate attacks like VLAN hopping, STP manipulation, DHCP spoofing, ARP spoofing, CAM table overflows, and MAC address spoofing. Following configuration best practices and securing switches at layer 2 helps strengthen network security.
Ch 19 Network-layer protocols Section 1
The document describes the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). It discusses the IPv4 datagram format including the header fields, fragmentation, and options. It also covers how IPv4 provides an unreliable datagram delivery service and must be paired with TCP for reliability. The document discusses security issues with IPv4 like packet sniffing, modification, and spoofing, and how IPSec can provide protection against these attacks.
Network Security- port security.pptx
This document discusses port security features on Cisco switches. Port security allows controlling which source MAC addresses are allowed on a switch port. If an unauthorized MAC address enters a port, the switch can take actions like shutting down the port or discarding traffic from the unauthorized MAC. Port security modes include shutdown, restrict, and protect. Features like secure MAC address aging and sticky MAC learning are also covered. The document provides an overview of port security configuration and commands.
Spanning tree protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is standardized as IEEE 802.1D.
Is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network.
Cisco ASA Firewalls
Cisco's ASA55xx series are adaptive security appliances that provide firewall, IPSec and SSL VPN capabilities. The appliances range from small office/home office models like the ASA550x to data center models like the ASA558x. All models support stateful packet inspection firewalls and VPN endpoints. Optional modules allow for intrusion prevention, content filtering, and additional network interfaces. Licenses determine the number of supported VPN connections and interfaces/VLANs.
Access control list [1]
Access control lists (ACLs) can be used for filtering and identifying network traffic. ACLs are composed of rules that either permit or deny traffic based on conditions like source/destination addresses, protocols, and port numbers. Numbered ACLs range from 1-99 for standard IP and 100-199 for extended IP. Named ACLs have no number limit. Standard ACLs filter based only on source IP while extended ACLs examine both source and destination addresses, protocol, and port numbers.
Nat pat
NAT is used to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses to allow access to the internet. There are different types of NAT including static NAT for one-to-one mapping, dynamic NAT for mapping multiple private addresses to public addresses from a pool, and NAT overload/PAT which maps multiple private addresses to a single public address using port addressing. The document provides configuration examples for static, dynamic, and overload NAT on a Cisco router.
Common Layer 2 Threats, Attacks & Mitigation
This document discusses common layer 2 security threats and attacks, including MAC layer attacks, VLAN attacks, spoofing attacks, and attacks against switch devices. It describes several specific attacks such as MAC flooding, VLAN hopping, DHCP starvation, and CDP manipulation. The document also provides mitigation strategies for each threat, such as using port security, private VLANs, DHCP snooping, and disabling unused protocols.
What is Firewall?
Firewall is a system that prevents unauthorized access to and from a secure network by examining all incoming and outgoing traffic and blocking packets that do not follow the network's security policies. Firewalls can be software installed on individual devices, dedicated hardware devices, or a combination of both. They detect and block suspicious external activities and allow or deny traffic on a connection-by-connection basis according to configured rules. Cisco routers and switches support integrated firewall capabilities, and Cisco also offers dedicated security appliances like the ASA and its predecessor the PIX.
Pgp
This document discusses email security and the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption software. It describes why email security is important given threats like loss of confidentiality and integrity. It then provides details on PGP, including how it uses public/private key encryption and digital signatures to encrypt messages and authenticate senders. PGP uses symmetric encryption of messages and asymmetric encryption of session keys, storing keys in a local ring. The document discusses PGP key management and its use of a web of trust model without a central authority.
Static Routing
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
Intruders and Viruses in Network Security NS9
The document provides an overview of intruders, intrusion techniques, password protection, viruses, and antivirus approaches. It discusses different types of intruders and how they try to guess passwords. It also describes techniques for detecting intrusions and protecting against viruses, including how viruses spread and different types of malicious programs. The document recommends combining signature scanning, heuristic analysis, activity monitoring, and emulation to provide effective antivirus protection.
Sockets
Socket programming allows processes to communicate over a network. Key aspects include:
- Demultiplexing packets into processes using port numbers
- Converting between host and network byte order
- Sockets representing an endpoint for communication and identified by address/port pairs
- Functions for binding addresses, listening for connections, accepting connections, and sending/receiving data over established sockets.
Network attacks
Basic Network Attacks
The active and passive attacks can be differentiated on the basis of what are they, how they are performed and how much extent of damage they cause to the system resources. But, majorly the active attack modifies the information and causes a lot of damage to the system resources and can affect its operation. Conversely, the passive attack does not make any changes to the system resources and therefore doesn’t causes any damage.
Fortigate Training
This document provides an overview of FortiGate multi-threat security systems and their administration, content inspection, and basic VPN capabilities. It discusses FortiGate devices, FortiGuard subscription services, logging and alerts capabilities, firewall policies, basic VPN configurations, authentication, antivirus, spam filtering, and web filtering. The document includes descriptions of FortiGate portfolio models, FortiGuard dynamic updates, FortiManager and FortiAnalyzer management products, logging levels, and log storage locations.
Ethernet
THIS IS AN EFFORT TO TELL SOME INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORIGIN AND MEANING OF THE TERM ETHERNET. MANY COLLEGE STUDENTS LIKE THIS PPT.
Firewalls
Firewalls can effectively protect networks from external threats while allowing access to outside networks. There are different types of firewalls that use packet filtering, application gateways, or circuit gateways. More complex firewall configurations provide multiple layers of defense by using screened subnets or dual-homed bastion hosts. Trusted systems aim to enhance security through mandatory access control and multilevel security models enforced by a reference monitor.
Dynamic routing protocols (CCNA)
Dynamic routing protocols are used to automatically discover remote networks, maintain up-to-date routing information, and choose the best path to destination networks. There are two main types - interior gateway protocols (IGPs) like RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP that are used within an autonomous system, and exterior protocols like BGP that route between autonomous systems. IGPs use metrics like hop count or bandwidth to determine the best path. OSPF is a link-state protocol that floods link information, while EIGRP uses DUAL algorithm and maintains topology tables for fast convergence.
Subnetting made simple
This document discusses subnetting and IP addressing. It introduces subnet masks and how they are used to divide networks into subnets. Specific examples are provided on subnetting Class A, B, and C networks using subnet masks like /28, 255.255.255.192, and 255.255.240.0. The document also discusses calculating the number of subnets and valid hosts for different subnet masks. Multiple practice questions are provided at the end to help understand subnetting.
Multiple Access Protocal
Fast Ethernet increased the bandwidth of standard Ethernet from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps. It used the same CSMA/CD access method and frame format as standard Ethernet but with some changes to address the higher speed. Fast Ethernet was implemented over twisted pair cables using 100BASE-TX or over fiber optic cables using 100BASE-FX. The increased speed enabled Fast Ethernet to compete with other high-speed LAN technologies of the time like FDDI.
Switchport port security explained with examples
This document explains switchport port security features including modes (protect, restrict, shutdown), sticky addresses, maximum hosts, and violations. It provides examples of configuring port security on a switch port to secure access and detect unauthorized devices. Key steps include enabling port security on an interface, setting the maximum hosts, selecting the violation mode, and using sticky learning to automatically secure learned MAC addresses.
Multicasting and multicast routing protocols
This document discusses multicasting and multicast routing protocols. It defines unicast, multicast, and broadcast messages and describes applications of multicasting like accessing distributed databases and teleconferencing. It also explains different multicast routing protocols including MOSPF, DVMRP, CBT, and PIM, covering concepts like shortest path trees, flooding, and pruning. Finally, it describes MBONE which connects isolated multicast routers using tunneling.
CCNA-2 SRWE Mod-11 Switch Security Configuration
This ppt discusses about Switch Security Configuration including Port Security configuration, Mitigating DHCP attacks, APR attacks, STP attacks and usage of DHCP Snooping and Portfast & BPDUGuard.
Basic ip traffic management with access control lists
The document discusses basic concepts of access control lists (ACLs) including the types of ACLs, how they are configured and used, and how traffic is processed when ACLs are applied. It provides details on standard and extended ACLs, how they can be used to filter traffic by source/destination IP addresses, protocols, ports and ICMP message types. The document also covers best practices for verifying, monitoring and placing ACLs on network interfaces.
Ch 5: Port Scanning
Slides for a college course at City College San Francisco. Based on "Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Third Edition" by Michael T. Simpson, Kent Backman, and James Corley -- ISBN: 9781285454610.
Instructor: Sam Bowne
Class website: https://samsclass.info/123/123_S17.shtml
Unicasting , Broadcasting And Multicasting New
This document summarizes three different types of network transmission methods: unicasting, multicasting, and broadcasting. Unicasting involves sending messages to a single destination host and requires a direct connection between client and server. Multicasting allows sending of data to multiple clients simultaneously by registering interest in the data stream. Broadcasting sends information from one source to all connected sources on a network segment.
Port security
How do you stop the US 3rd Infantry Division? Could a computer worm attack the shipping port automation systems to disrupt supplies for the miliatry?
Cisco Switch Security
The document discusses various methods for attacking network switches, including MAC flooding attacks, MAC spoofing attacks, and attacks against the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). It describes how MAC flooding can overwhelm a switch's bridging table and cause frames to flood across all ports. It also outlines several countermeasures switches can implement, such as port security, BPDU guard, and root guard, to prevent MAC flooding and spoofing attacks as well as STP attacks.
More Related Content
What's hot
Nat pat
NAT is used to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses to allow access to the internet. There are different types of NAT including static NAT for one-to-one mapping, dynamic NAT for mapping multiple private addresses to public addresses from a pool, and NAT overload/PAT which maps multiple private addresses to a single public address using port addressing. The document provides configuration examples for static, dynamic, and overload NAT on a Cisco router.
Common Layer 2 Threats, Attacks & Mitigation
This document discusses common layer 2 security threats and attacks, including MAC layer attacks, VLAN attacks, spoofing attacks, and attacks against switch devices. It describes several specific attacks such as MAC flooding, VLAN hopping, DHCP starvation, and CDP manipulation. The document also provides mitigation strategies for each threat, such as using port security, private VLANs, DHCP snooping, and disabling unused protocols.
What is Firewall?
Firewall is a system that prevents unauthorized access to and from a secure network by examining all incoming and outgoing traffic and blocking packets that do not follow the network's security policies. Firewalls can be software installed on individual devices, dedicated hardware devices, or a combination of both. They detect and block suspicious external activities and allow or deny traffic on a connection-by-connection basis according to configured rules. Cisco routers and switches support integrated firewall capabilities, and Cisco also offers dedicated security appliances like the ASA and its predecessor the PIX.
Pgp
This document discusses email security and the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption software. It describes why email security is important given threats like loss of confidentiality and integrity. It then provides details on PGP, including how it uses public/private key encryption and digital signatures to encrypt messages and authenticate senders. PGP uses symmetric encryption of messages and asymmetric encryption of session keys, storing keys in a local ring. The document discusses PGP key management and its use of a web of trust model without a central authority.
Static Routing
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
Intruders and Viruses in Network Security NS9
The document provides an overview of intruders, intrusion techniques, password protection, viruses, and antivirus approaches. It discusses different types of intruders and how they try to guess passwords. It also describes techniques for detecting intrusions and protecting against viruses, including how viruses spread and different types of malicious programs. The document recommends combining signature scanning, heuristic analysis, activity monitoring, and emulation to provide effective antivirus protection.
Sockets
Socket programming allows processes to communicate over a network. Key aspects include:
- Demultiplexing packets into processes using port numbers
- Converting between host and network byte order
- Sockets representing an endpoint for communication and identified by address/port pairs
- Functions for binding addresses, listening for connections, accepting connections, and sending/receiving data over established sockets.
Network attacks
Basic Network Attacks
The active and passive attacks can be differentiated on the basis of what are they, how they are performed and how much extent of damage they cause to the system resources. But, majorly the active attack modifies the information and causes a lot of damage to the system resources and can affect its operation. Conversely, the passive attack does not make any changes to the system resources and therefore doesn’t causes any damage.
Fortigate Training
This document provides an overview of FortiGate multi-threat security systems and their administration, content inspection, and basic VPN capabilities. It discusses FortiGate devices, FortiGuard subscription services, logging and alerts capabilities, firewall policies, basic VPN configurations, authentication, antivirus, spam filtering, and web filtering. The document includes descriptions of FortiGate portfolio models, FortiGuard dynamic updates, FortiManager and FortiAnalyzer management products, logging levels, and log storage locations.
Ethernet
THIS IS AN EFFORT TO TELL SOME INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORIGIN AND MEANING OF THE TERM ETHERNET. MANY COLLEGE STUDENTS LIKE THIS PPT.
Firewalls
Firewalls can effectively protect networks from external threats while allowing access to outside networks. There are different types of firewalls that use packet filtering, application gateways, or circuit gateways. More complex firewall configurations provide multiple layers of defense by using screened subnets or dual-homed bastion hosts. Trusted systems aim to enhance security through mandatory access control and multilevel security models enforced by a reference monitor.
Dynamic routing protocols (CCNA)
Dynamic routing protocols are used to automatically discover remote networks, maintain up-to-date routing information, and choose the best path to destination networks. There are two main types - interior gateway protocols (IGPs) like RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP that are used within an autonomous system, and exterior protocols like BGP that route between autonomous systems. IGPs use metrics like hop count or bandwidth to determine the best path. OSPF is a link-state protocol that floods link information, while EIGRP uses DUAL algorithm and maintains topology tables for fast convergence.
Subnetting made simple
This document discusses subnetting and IP addressing. It introduces subnet masks and how they are used to divide networks into subnets. Specific examples are provided on subnetting Class A, B, and C networks using subnet masks like /28, 255.255.255.192, and 255.255.240.0. The document also discusses calculating the number of subnets and valid hosts for different subnet masks. Multiple practice questions are provided at the end to help understand subnetting.
Multiple Access Protocal
Fast Ethernet increased the bandwidth of standard Ethernet from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps. It used the same CSMA/CD access method and frame format as standard Ethernet but with some changes to address the higher speed. Fast Ethernet was implemented over twisted pair cables using 100BASE-TX or over fiber optic cables using 100BASE-FX. The increased speed enabled Fast Ethernet to compete with other high-speed LAN technologies of the time like FDDI.
Switchport port security explained with examples
This document explains switchport port security features including modes (protect, restrict, shutdown), sticky addresses, maximum hosts, and violations. It provides examples of configuring port security on a switch port to secure access and detect unauthorized devices. Key steps include enabling port security on an interface, setting the maximum hosts, selecting the violation mode, and using sticky learning to automatically secure learned MAC addresses.
Multicasting and multicast routing protocols
This document discusses multicasting and multicast routing protocols. It defines unicast, multicast, and broadcast messages and describes applications of multicasting like accessing distributed databases and teleconferencing. It also explains different multicast routing protocols including MOSPF, DVMRP, CBT, and PIM, covering concepts like shortest path trees, flooding, and pruning. Finally, it describes MBONE which connects isolated multicast routers using tunneling.
CCNA-2 SRWE Mod-11 Switch Security Configuration
This ppt discusses about Switch Security Configuration including Port Security configuration, Mitigating DHCP attacks, APR attacks, STP attacks and usage of DHCP Snooping and Portfast & BPDUGuard.
Basic ip traffic management with access control lists
The document discusses basic concepts of access control lists (ACLs) including the types of ACLs, how they are configured and used, and how traffic is processed when ACLs are applied. It provides details on standard and extended ACLs, how they can be used to filter traffic by source/destination IP addresses, protocols, ports and ICMP message types. The document also covers best practices for verifying, monitoring and placing ACLs on network interfaces.
Ch 5: Port Scanning
Slides for a college course at City College San Francisco. Based on "Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Third Edition" by Michael T. Simpson, Kent Backman, and James Corley -- ISBN: 9781285454610.
Instructor: Sam Bowne
Class website: https://samsclass.info/123/123_S17.shtml
Unicasting , Broadcasting And Multicasting New
This document summarizes three different types of network transmission methods: unicasting, multicasting, and broadcasting. Unicasting involves sending messages to a single destination host and requires a direct connection between client and server. Multicasting allows sending of data to multiple clients simultaneously by registering interest in the data stream. Broadcasting sends information from one source to all connected sources on a network segment.
What's hot (20)
Basic ip traffic management with access control lists
Basic ip traffic management with access control lists
Viewers also liked
Port security
How do you stop the US 3rd Infantry Division? Could a computer worm attack the shipping port automation systems to disrupt supplies for the miliatry?
Cisco Switch Security
The document discusses various methods for attacking network switches, including MAC flooding attacks, MAC spoofing attacks, and attacks against the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). It describes how MAC flooding can overwhelm a switch's bridging table and cause frames to flood across all ports. It also outlines several countermeasures switches can implement, such as port security, BPDU guard, and root guard, to prevent MAC flooding and spoofing attacks as well as STP attacks.
Mac addresses(media access control)
MAC addresses are 48- or 64-bit identifiers linked to the hardware of network adapters. They are expressed as hexadecimal strings like 01-23-45-67-89-AB. There are two types: universally administered addresses, which are assigned at manufacture with the first three octets identifying the manufacturer, and locally administered addresses, which can be manually changed but must be unique on the local subnet. MAC addresses can be useful for security and troubleshooting network issues.
Cisco Router and Switch Security Hardening Guide
10 important steps to secure and harden Cisco IOS network devices. Security checklist and configuration guide.
Switching
This document discusses different methods for allowing one-to-one communication between nodes in large networks, including direct connections, central controllers, and common buses. It focuses on switching networks, which consist of interlinked switches that can create temporary connections between devices. There are three main types of switching networks: circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Packet switching breaks messages into small packets that contain user data and control information and are briefly stored at nodes before being passed to the next node.
Switching Techniques
There are two main switching techniques used in communications networks: circuit switching and packet switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated communication path between two stations for the duration of the connection. Packet switching transmits data in small packets that are routed individually through the network on a non-dedicated basis, allowing for more efficient use of bandwidth. The telephone system uses circuit switching while the internet uses packet switching, which is more suitable for data traffic since it allows for variable bandwidth and priority routing.
Computer network switching
This document discusses different types of computer network switching, including circuit switching, packet switching, and virtual circuit switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection between nodes for the duration of a call. Packet switching divides messages into packets that are routed independently through a network on a first-come, first-served basis without dedicated connections. Virtual circuit switching combines aspects of circuit switching and packet switching by establishing paths for packets through a three-phase process of setup, data transfer using local addressing, and teardown.
Medium Access Control
This document discusses different medium access control protocols. It covers random access protocols like ALOHA and slotted ALOHA, carrier sensing protocols like CSMA and CSMA/CD, and scheduling protocols like polling and token passing. It provides analysis of the throughput and efficiency of these different MAC protocols. It also compares the approaches and discusses factors in selecting a MAC protocol.
Viewers also liked (8)
Similar to Switching and Port Security
Attack.pptx
MAC Flooding Attack, Port Security, DHCP Starvation attacks and DHCP spoofing attacks, DHCP Snooping, ARP Spoofing attack, Dynamic ARP inspection (DAI)
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration
This chapter starts with discussing the key elements of ethernet/802.3 networks such as CSMA/CD, communication using unicast, multicast, and broadcast, the ethernet frame, MAC address, duplex settings, half-duplex and full-duplex, switch port settings, auto-MDIX, and the switch MAC table.
After that, there is a discussion about the design considerations for Ethernet networks such as bandwidth, throughput, goodput, collision domains, broadcast domains, LAN segmentation, and network latency.
Switch forwarding modes: store and forward and cut-through and the difference between symmetric and asymmetric switching.
Memory Buffering: port-based memory and shared memory.
The difference between layer 3 switches and routers.
Cisco switch CLI commands, accessing the history, switch boot sequence and recovering from system crash.
Managing the MAC address table, dynamic MAC addresses and static MAC addresses and backing configuration files to a TFTP server.
Configuring switch passwords and password recovery, configuring telnet and SSH.
Common Security Attacks such as MAC address flooding, spoofing attacks, CDP attacks and telnet attacks.
Switch port security, sticky port security and security violation modes: protect, restrict and shutdown and verifying poert security
Switched networks (LAN Switching – Switches)
Information Technology
Rrjeta Kompjuterike. Computer Networks.
Vetëm për qëllime edukative. For Educational Purposes Only.
NOTE: Some text does not display correctly (behind image) because SlideShare deformed it during upload.
Disa nga tekstet nuk duket mire apo duken mas fotove ketu ka faj SlideShare.
Addressing in networking (IP,MAC,Port addressing)
This document discusses IP addressing, MAC addressing, and port addressing. IP addressing assigns logical addresses to devices using a hierarchical numbering scheme. Addresses can be static, assigned manually, or dynamic, assigned automatically by a DHCP server. MAC addresses are unique hardware addresses that identify each node on a network. Port addressing refers to the logical port numbers applications use to share network resources simultaneously on the same computer.
Network Programming Assignment Help
Stuck with your Network Programming Assignment Help. Get 24/7 help from tutors with Phd in the subject. Email us at support@helpwithassignment.com
Reach us at http://www.HelpWithAssignment.com
CCNA- part 8 switch
The document discusses the differences between hubs, switches, bridges and routers. Hubs operate at the physical layer using broadcasting, while switches are intelligent devices that operate at the data link layer using MAC addresses to reduce broadcasting. Spanning tree protocol is used to prevent loops when there are redundant links between switches by blocking certain ports.
Switching Concepts presentation
This document discusses different networking devices and concepts for connecting devices in a local area network (LAN). It describes bridges, switches, routers, hubs, and repeaters. Bridges segment networks at layer 2, switches create virtual circuits to maximize bandwidth, and routers route traffic between layer 3 networks. The document also covers half and full duplex transmissions, collision domains, broadcast domains, and how devices such as hubs, switches, and routers handle sending and receiving Ethernet frames. It discusses using VLANs to create separate broadcast domains within a switch and needing routers to pass traffic between VLANs.
Ch2 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
When a collision occurs using CSMA/CD, hosts return to listen-before-transmit mode after the backoff period expires. No collisions will occur on a link administratively configured for full-duplex. With an empty MAC table, SW1 will flood the frame from PC_A to PC_C on all ports except the originating port. When receiving a frame with an unknown source MAC, the switch will map the source to the receiving port. With default configurations, workstations B and C will capture the frame from workstation A.
Ccna day4
Here are the key tasks for initial configuration of a Cisco switch:
- Set the enable and console passwords to secure access to privileged modes. The passwords must be between 4-8 characters.
- Configure the hostname to identify the switch.
- Configure the IP address and subnet mask on VLAN 1 for management access.
- Verify port status and configure basic settings like speed and duplex.
- Configure SNMP, syslog servers for remote monitoring if needed.
- Configure spanning tree protocol for redundancy.
- Save the running configuration to startup for automation on reboot.
- Test connectivity to verify the base configuration is functioning properly.
Ccna day4
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It begins by explaining how switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating individual collision domains per switch port. It then discusses how VLANs allow further segmentation of the network by logically grouping ports regardless of their physical location. VLANs create separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic to specific groups of users. The document provides examples of creating, assigning ports to, and deleting VLANs on a switch to segmented the network.
Ccna day4
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It provides information on:
- How layer 2 switches break up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating separate collision domains for each switch port. This improves network performance over hub-based networks.
- The two main types of VLAN membership - static VLANs where ports are manually assigned to VLANs, and dynamic VLANs where VLAN assignments are determined automatically based on device MAC addresses.
- How VLANs simplify network management by allowing logical segmentation of broadcast domains independent of physical port locations, and improve network security by restricting communication between VLANs.
CCNA PPT
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It begins by explaining how switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating individual collision domains per switch port. It then discusses how VLANs allow further segmentation of the network by logically grouping ports regardless of their physical location. VLANs create separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic to specific groups of users. The document provides examples of creating, assigning ports to, and deleting VLANs on a switch to segmented the network.
Ccna day4-140715152437-phpapp01
Here are the key tasks for initial configuration of a Cisco switch:
- Setting the enable and console passwords to secure access to privileged modes (Password must be between 4 and 8 characters)
- Setting the hostname to identify the switch
- Configuring the IP address and subnet mask on VLAN 1 to allow remote management via SSH/Telnet
- Configuring basic security settings like disabling unused ports, protocols, and services
- Configuring spanning tree protocol (STP) for redundancy and loop prevention in switched networks
- Verifying port status and connectivity using show commands
Embedded networking
This document discusses various communication buses and protocols used for embedded networking. It describes serial communication protocols like RS-232, RS-485, CAN, I2C, SPI and parallel communication interfaces like parallel port, PCI, and SCSI. It provides details on the specifications, features, and applications of each protocol.
L3-L4 Data Transfer - 8085.pptx
There are two main types of data transfer: programmed and direct memory access (DMA). Programmed transfer uses the CPU to control data movement between CPU and I/O devices. DMA bypassses the CPU and transfers data directly between memory and I/O devices. DMA modes include blocked and cycle stealing. DMA controllers interface between the CPU bus and I/O devices, generating requests and controlling addressing during transfers. I/O ports connect devices to the processor and contain logic and buffers to handle differing device speeds. Serial communication transfers data bit by bit to reduce cabling complexity and cost.
Computer Interfaces
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard interface that allows devices to be connected using a single standardized port. It replaced multiple previous standards with a single connection type. RS-232 is an older serial communication standard that defines the signals and connectors used between data terminal equipment and data communication equipment for asynchronous transmission of data. Firewire (IEEE 1394) is a serial bus interface standard that allows for high-speed communications and has features like hot pluggability and power delivery through the cable. It has higher maximum speeds than USB but shorter cable lengths.
UNIT 2.pptx
The document discusses the system bus structure of the 8086 microprocessor. It has three parts - the data bus for data exchange, address bus for memory and I/O addressing, and control bus for coordination. It describes the minimum and maximum mode of operation, with minimum using internal 8086 signals and maximum using external bus controller. It also summarizes programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and DMA transfer for communication with peripheral devices.
Microcontroller.pptx
This document provides an overview of ARM microcontroller architecture. It begins by defining ARM as a RISC microprocessor and the market leader for low-power embedded applications. It then contrasts RISC and CISC architectures. The document discusses ARM powered products and key features of ARM including architectural simplicity, reduced instruction set, and low power consumption. It details the ARM architecture including the register file, load/store design, instruction fields, and addressing modes. Pipeline organization is explained for 3, 5, and 6 stage versions. The document also covers interfacing concepts such as buses, ports, timing diagrams, and communication protocols. Examples of serial protocols I2C and CAN are provided at the end.
Similar to Switching and Port Security (20)
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration
More from usman19
: Configuration of Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM) for Monitoring Software Defi...
Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new approach to designing, building, and managing
networks that separate the network’s control (brains) and forwarding (muscle) planes to better
optimize each.
In this project we have implemented SDN architecture on Linux platform using KVM. After
configuring SDN we have created a monitoring system that will take out information from
Packet like time, date, IP address(source and destination),MAC address(source and
destination),protocols(TCP,UDP,ICMP),packet size, port(source and destination). We have
created database for our Monitoring system that will store above described information. Apart
from Network Monitoring we have created a firewall that will drop TCP packet having all flags
high .In Addition with that we have also created an access control that will able to stop children
from accessing adult content apart from that we have set time limits in which children can’t
access internet so there studies won’t be affected.
And the mountains echoed
Khaled Hosseini's novel "And the Mountains Echoed" tells interweaving stories of families and relationships across multiple countries and decades. It explores themes of selfless love, pain, and the many ways families support and sacrifice for one another. The story begins with the separation of siblings Abdullah and Pari in Afghanistan and expands to follow their lives and those connected to them, including a girl named Roshi who is adopted after becoming orphaned, and Pari's adoption by a wealthy couple in Paris. Though ambitious in its global scope, the novel is praised for its beautiful writing and deeply affecting characters.
Usman
Technology has greatly impacted social lives. While it allows easy communication over distances, some negative effects have emerged. Statistics show many are addicted to mobile phones and social media. While technology provides connections, it can also isolate people and reduce real-life interactions. Families interact less face-to-face now, and outdoor activities are declining as digital options increase. Too much technology use can replace interpersonal relationships and an active social life with a confined, solitary digital experience. It is important to use technology in moderation instead of becoming addicted.
probability in telecom switching
This document discusses key concepts in telecommunication switching including:
- Statistical parameters and how they are used to summarize data from populations or samples.
- Random/stochastic processes and how they represent evolving systems over time, including discrete-time and discrete-state processes commonly used in telecommunications.
- Concepts of ergodicity, stationarity, and pure chance traffic in modeling telephone call patterns.
- Markov processes and how they model systems that change states based only on the previous state, including continuous-time vs discrete-time Markov chains and birth-and-death processes.
Sociology-Challenge of Family Institution
Challenge of Family Institution
Divorce
Living relationships/ Cohabitation
Busyness
Same Sex marriages
Absent father figure
Lack of discipline
Financial pressures
Lack of communication
Negative media influences
Balance of work and family
Materialism
The unwed mothers
Domestic violence
transport layer
The document discusses the transport layer of the OSI model. It describes how the transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication over a network by managing error correction and reliability. The two main protocols of the transport layer are UDP and TCP. UDP provides unreliable data transmission while TCP establishes connections and provides reliable in-order delivery through mechanisms like acknowledgments and flow control.
Child abuse
Child abuse
types of child abuse
Physical Abuse
Effects of physical abuse
Sexual Abuse
Effects of Sexual abuse
Psychological abuse
Effects of psychological abuse
Neglect
Effects of Neglect
More from usman19 (7)
: Configuration of Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM) for Monitoring Software Defi...
: Configuration of Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM) for Monitoring Software Defi...
Recently uploaded
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
“I’m still / I’m still / Chaining from the Block”
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Consult the full report at https://www.oecd.org/digital/oecd-artificial-intelligence-review-of-germany-609808d6-en.htm
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Revolutionizing Application Development
with AI-powered low-code, presentation by George Aspiotis, Sr. Partner Development Manager, Microsoft
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Recently uploaded (20)
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
Switching and Port Security
- 3. Port Security in Switching
- 4. • Device that forwards data from input/output ports towards it’s destination . • network hubs, home routers and network bridges are called switches . • It donot need to be configured. • Plug and pay devices.
- 5. • Nodes connected through links and differenciated by mac addresses • Maintain forwarding table that contain link number and mac addresses. • Clear table when switch is off.
- 6. Switch
- 7. Switch
- 8. Ports • Location on switch where devices are connected. • Devices maybe computers , printers , games etc. • Number of ports vary to devices.
- 9. • rectangular openings a bit bigger than phone cord. • have a single port called an uplink or (WAN) port, but the rest are switch ports • switch port allows connected devices to talk to each other in parallel
- 12. Switch port Security • Feature in switches to secure nework • Limit the number of devices on switch ports • Uses mac addresses for limitations
- 13. Types of port security • Port Security With Dynamic Mac Addresses • Port Security With Static Mac Addresses • Port Security With Sticky Mac Addresses
- 14. Port Security With Dynamic Mac Addresses • Dynamically configure secure mac addresses of devices connected to port. • Addresses will be stored in address table. • Doesn’t forward traffic of unspecified devices • Addresses will be lost when the switchport goes down or switch reboots.
- 15. Port Security With Static Mac Addresses • Secure MAC addresses are statically configured on each switchport. • Stored in the address table. • Static configuration is stored by default in port Security. • Addresses table can be made permanent by saving them to the startup configuration.
- 16. Port Security with Sticky MAC Addresses • Sticky secure MAC addresses are a hybrid • Dynamically learned from the devices connected to the switchport • Addresses are put into the address table AND are entered into the running configuration as a static secure MAC address • MAC addresses will be lost until and unless saved to the startup configuration
- 17. violation • Violation happens when a person breaks a law or do some thing that isn’t allowed. TYPES • Shutdown • Protect • Restrict
- 18. Shutdown • Default switch port security mode • Port will be taken out of service • errDisable mode will be activated • Manually removed from the state
- 19. Protect • switchport will permit traffic from known MAC addresses • Drop traffic of unknown mac. • No notification msgs for violation
- 20. Restrict • the switchport will permit traffic from known MAC addresses • drop traffic of unknown MAC addresses. • Send notification msgs of violation occured.
- 21. Causes of a Switchport Violation Two situation that causes Switch Port Violation • Whe maximum number of secure MAC addresses has added in address table and traffic from unknown MAC address is received on the switchport. • When an address that has been seen on a secure switchport has already been seen on another secure switchport in the same VLAN.