Cyber warfare is becoming an increasingly common method for nations to engage in conflict without direct military confrontation. As technology advances faster than international laws and regulations, cyber attacks present a new threat landscape. Nations are investing heavily in growing their cyber warfare capabilities due to concerns about vulnerabilities and a desire to gain strategic advantages over rivals. However, this cyber arms race risks escalating conflicts and reducing overall digital security.
This document discusses cyber warfare and strategies related to cyber defense and offense. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Cyber weapons and tools are discussed for various purposes like detection, prevention, targeting identification, and attack. Effective cybersecurity strategies include reactive, planned, and proactive behaviors to respond to known and unknown threats. Building an effective cyber force requires highly skilled experts, intelligence capabilities, and proper training structures and procedures to coordinate offensive and defensive cyber operations for national security.
Cyberwarfare involves politically motivated attacks on computer systems and networks. Many countries are engaging in cyber attacks and developing cyber weapons. A major cyber attack could significantly impact a country's economy and critical infrastructure by disrupting financial systems, communications, and other daily activities that rely on internet connectivity. Protecting against cyber threats will require increased security measures and international cooperation.
The document discusses the history and current state of cyber warfare between several nations including Israel/Palestine, India/Pakistan, the US/Al Qaeda, Cuba/US, and China/US. It outlines the key hackers and groups involved on both sides of these conflicts, their main targets and strategies. It also examines how cyber warfare has influenced military operations and foreign policy, and considers its importance relative to traditional warfare.
What is the difference between a hacking attack and a cyberwar attack? What do current militaries consider an attack vs. exploitation or just «normal operations»? Kevin will present an overview on the cyber warfare topic and the current understanding of Advanced Persistent Threats in the context of cyber defense.
Referent: Kevin Kirst
Facebook helped the FBI shut down the Butterfly botnet which infected over 11 million systems. A cross-site scripting vulnerability in Yahoo mail allowed attackers to steal cookies. A 25-GPU cluster was able to crack every standard Windows password in under 6 hours. Several US banks were targeted in a new series of DDoS attacks. Google's Android app scanner had a low malware detection rate of 15%. Syria suffered a nation-wide communications blackout. A security hole in Samsung Smart TVs allowed hackers to watch users, change channels, and plug in malware. An Internet Explorer flaw allows tracking of mouse movements anywhere on the screen.
Cyber warfare is becoming an increasingly common method for nations to engage in conflict without direct military confrontation. As technology advances faster than international laws and regulations, cyber attacks present a new threat landscape. Nations are investing heavily in growing their cyber warfare capabilities due to concerns about vulnerabilities and a desire to gain strategic advantages over rivals. However, this cyber arms race risks escalating conflicts and reducing overall digital security.
This document discusses cyber warfare and strategies related to cyber defense and offense. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Cyber weapons and tools are discussed for various purposes like detection, prevention, targeting identification, and attack. Effective cybersecurity strategies include reactive, planned, and proactive behaviors to respond to known and unknown threats. Building an effective cyber force requires highly skilled experts, intelligence capabilities, and proper training structures and procedures to coordinate offensive and defensive cyber operations for national security.
Cyberwarfare involves politically motivated attacks on computer systems and networks. Many countries are engaging in cyber attacks and developing cyber weapons. A major cyber attack could significantly impact a country's economy and critical infrastructure by disrupting financial systems, communications, and other daily activities that rely on internet connectivity. Protecting against cyber threats will require increased security measures and international cooperation.
The document discusses the history and current state of cyber warfare between several nations including Israel/Palestine, India/Pakistan, the US/Al Qaeda, Cuba/US, and China/US. It outlines the key hackers and groups involved on both sides of these conflicts, their main targets and strategies. It also examines how cyber warfare has influenced military operations and foreign policy, and considers its importance relative to traditional warfare.
What is the difference between a hacking attack and a cyberwar attack? What do current militaries consider an attack vs. exploitation or just «normal operations»? Kevin will present an overview on the cyber warfare topic and the current understanding of Advanced Persistent Threats in the context of cyber defense.
Referent: Kevin Kirst
Facebook helped the FBI shut down the Butterfly botnet which infected over 11 million systems. A cross-site scripting vulnerability in Yahoo mail allowed attackers to steal cookies. A 25-GPU cluster was able to crack every standard Windows password in under 6 hours. Several US banks were targeted in a new series of DDoS attacks. Google's Android app scanner had a low malware detection rate of 15%. Syria suffered a nation-wide communications blackout. A security hole in Samsung Smart TVs allowed hackers to watch users, change channels, and plug in malware. An Internet Explorer flaw allows tracking of mouse movements anywhere on the screen.
Cyber war a threat to indias homeland security 2015Ajay Serohi
The document discusses cyber warfare as a threat to India's homeland security. It notes India's increasing reliance on digital infrastructure and discusses potential future cyber incidents like power grid failures, financial system paralysis, and satellite or communication system disruptions. The document outlines challenges like attribution of attacks and issues with cyber deterrence. It also examines threats in India's cyber domain from state actors like China and Pakistan as well as non-state groups, and argues for integrating cyber security into India's overall homeland security strategy.
The document provides an overview of Peter Wood, an expert in ethical hacking and cybersecurity. It discusses the concept of "consumerisation" where employees want to use their personal devices for work purposes. While this raises security concerns for IT departments, the document argues that tightly controlling devices is ineffective and employee expectations around mobility and flexibility will result in loosened corporate control over tools. It outlines some of the mobile security risks at different layers of devices and examples of malware targeting smartphones.
chapter 3 ethics: computer and internet crimemuhammad awais
This document discusses security risk assessment for a group project. It lists the group members and outlines the 8 steps to perform a security risk assessment. These include identifying assets, threats, likelihood and impacts of threats, and mitigation options. It emphasizes the importance of a complete inventory and using qualified experts. The document also covers defining security policies, prevention methods like firewalls and antivirus software, detection using IDS, and response including documentation, containment and follow up reviews.
Cyber terrorism poses a significant threat to India according to experts. Pakistani cyber criminals deface dozens of Indian websites daily, far more than the number of Pakistani sites defaced in retaliation. While India is an IT leader, it lags behind in cyber security. Cyber terrorism can involve hacking critical infrastructure to harm the public and includes acts that are highly publicized on a large scale. International cooperation and domestic security improvements are needed to address this growing issue.
This document discusses various aspects of cyber warfare and security. It introduces cyber deterrence and its challenges. It then describes components of a reference model for cyber security including surveillance, penetration testing, honey nets, forensics, attribution, monitoring, reconnaissance, scanning, vulnerability analysis and exploitation. For each component, it provides details on the concept and relevant tools. The document aims to provide an overview of the cyber warfare landscape and approaches.
Cyber warfare an architecture for deterrenceBikrant Gautam
This chapter discusses cyber deterrence strategies and architectures. It outlines the objectives of cyber deterrence as preventing attacks, denying enemies freedom in cyberspace, and using cyber space for counterattacks. It discusses challenges like attribution and unpredictability. The chapter summarizes Libicki's cyber deterrence strategy of situational awareness, identification, analysis, attribution assessment, and retaliation considerations. It proposes a solution architecture using military botnets for effective distributed scanning and proposes prototypes and performance benchmarking of threaded and botnet-based scanning.
CYBERWAR: THE NEXT THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITYTalwant Singh
Cyber is a real threat and we can not keep our eyes shut to the same. Most of the countries surrounding us are involved in cyberwar covertly and we need to take steps to counter the same at the earliest.
VMware Carbon Black Connect 2020 - Presentation on Destructive Malware and how the threat landscape is evolving as it relates to Nation State Adversaries and their capabilities.
Malware Every Second outlines how cyberattacks have increased exponentially, with McAfee finding new malware every second by 2013. The Stuxnet case study details a "bloodless" cyberwar operation by the US and Israel against Iran's nuclear program via a targeted worm. It infiltrated systems through flash drives and sabotaged centrifuges while appearing to engineers as equipment defects. Stuxnet highlighted cyberwarfare's potential for precision attacks with no human casualties. However, civilian networks will still suffer collateral damage as combatants use them for attacks. Future trends of cloud, mobile and big data will shape ongoing cybersecurity challenges.
The study found a 400% increase in Android malware and that mobile devices are exposed to a record number of security threats. The greatest source of mobile malware is application downloads, so users should consider antivirus apps. Android and Facebook have seen large increases in malicious campaigns. SMS is also risky, as 17% of infections came from SMS Trojans that incurred charges. The study also noted that 20% of teens admit to sending inappropriate content from mobile devices. Mobile devices are unprotected because they can be easily stolen or lost without precautions, and intruders can sometimes gain access if devices are left unprotected or malware is installed.
Software theft involves illegally copying or distributing copyrighted software. There are four main types of software theft: [1] physically stealing software media or hardware, [2] disgruntled employees deleting programs from company computers, [3] widespread piracy of software manufacturers' products, and [4] obtaining registration codes illegally without purchase. To prevent software theft, owners should secure original materials, users should backup regularly, companies should escort terminated employees, and software companies enforce license agreements limiting legal use.
The IT sector is a key driver of the European economy, with 60% of Europeans using the internet regularly and 87% owning mobile phones. In 2009, Europe had the largest broadband market worldwide. However, cyber attacks have increasingly threatened internet security and the European economy. In 2007, Estonia suffered a massive cyber attack affecting government, banking, media and other services through techniques ranging from simple ping commands to sophisticated distributed denial of service attacks coordinated using botnets of compromised servers around the world.
This document provides a briefing on cyberwarfare. It begins with definitions of cyber, warfare, and cyberwarfare. It then discusses three recent cyberwarfare events: 1) Russia attacking Georgia in 2008 through DDoS and hacking, 2) An unknown agency attacking US military networks in 2008 through an infected USB drive, and 3) An unknown attacker (allegedly Israel) targeting Iran's nuclear facilities in 2010 through the Stuxnet virus. It analyzes the impacts and countermeasures for each event. Finally, it concludes with questions around regulating cyber groups and establishing protocols for cyberweapons.
Are we near the point of cyber-armageddon or are we simply engaged in a new reality of information security priorities? Are the attacks being discovered daily against private sector and public federal systems somehow unique and new, or are they simply the new reality of cyberspace? Organizations are regularly forced to make difficult decisions about how best to protect their information systems. Executives daily open the newspaper to find another example of effective cyber attacks and hacking. How do organizations know when security mechanisms are enough to keep their data safe? In an effort to answer this question and respond to mounting cyber incidents worldwide, the US federal government has been engaging in numerous efforts to secure cyberspace. But what are they and will they be enough? In this presentation James Tarala, a Senior Instructor with the SANS Institute and a Principal Consultant at Enclave Security, will describe current efforts and the tools being offered to help citizens and protect cyberspace.
Mobile devices pose risks to businesses and users due to potential data loss or theft. Malware targeting mobile platforms is increasing and can steal personal data, block device functions, or transmit data without permission. When mobile devices are lost or stolen, they may contain confidential corporate or personal information without encryption or other security measures. Businesses should implement organizational and technical solutions like mobile device management, encryption, and security software to mitigate mobile risks.
Sensational Headlines or Real Threats? What New Attacks Mean For You. Lumension
Well-organized, highly sophisticated cyber attacks continue to make headlines, hitting major U.S. banks and global companies like Adobe to name a few. In support of October as National Cyber Security Awareness Month, Lumension CEO Pat Clawson, Prolexic CEO Scott Hammack, security industry expert and author, Richard Stiennon and industry analyst and webcast moderator Eric Ogren will share their unique insight into these recent news-making attacks and what they mean for enterprises everywhere.
Learn:
•The latest, seemingly extraordinary attacks;
•How these attacks could escalate to the point where they matter to you and;
•What you should be doing to secure against them.
The document provides tips for securing smartphones, including enabling password protection, installing antivirus software, updating the operating system regularly, downloading apps only from official app stores, being cautious on public WiFi networks, turning off Bluetooth when not in use, and backing up data. Following these tips such as using passwords, antivirus software, and updating the OS can help protect smartphones from cyber attacks and data theft. The document emphasizes that as smartphones take on more functions of computers, it is important to treat mobile security like computer security.
Cyber Security in the Manufacturing Industry: New challenges in the informati...Ekonomikas ministrija
This document discusses cyber security challenges in the manufacturing industry. It provides background on the growth of internet connectivity and cyber attacks over time. Key points mentioned include that digitalization is driving industry 4.0 but also increasing security risks. Manufacturing is now one of the most frequently hacked sectors, with nearly half of all cyber attacks targeting small businesses. The document examines past significant cyber attacks like Stuxnet and those targeting Ukraine's power grid. It also notes that the majority of industrial organization's networks remain vulnerable to remote hackers. Finally, it raises important questions manufacturing executives should consider around protecting industrial control systems and networks from internet threats.
This document summarizes a presentation on cybersecurity risks and management practices. It outlines the evolution of cyber threats from less advanced in the past to more sophisticated today. Significant risks to businesses are identified as data theft, malware that destroys systems, denial of service attacks, and reputational attacks. Case studies show how even large companies can be vulnerable to attacks through a single weak point. The document then covers different types of security threats like hacking, phishing, man-in-the-middle attacks, and botnets. It emphasizes the need for senior management leadership on cybersecurity and outlines best practices for managing risks and measuring return on investment in security.
This document discusses port security on Cisco switches. It explains that by default all switch ports are open, allowing any device to connect. Port security allows restricting a port to only allow specific MAC addresses, preventing unauthorized access. It provides steps to configure port security by defining the port as an access port, enabling port security, and specifying allowed MAC addresses. It also describes optional settings like violation actions and maximum MAC addresses. An example configuration is given to demonstrate learning and blocking additional MACs on a port.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
Cyber war a threat to indias homeland security 2015Ajay Serohi
The document discusses cyber warfare as a threat to India's homeland security. It notes India's increasing reliance on digital infrastructure and discusses potential future cyber incidents like power grid failures, financial system paralysis, and satellite or communication system disruptions. The document outlines challenges like attribution of attacks and issues with cyber deterrence. It also examines threats in India's cyber domain from state actors like China and Pakistan as well as non-state groups, and argues for integrating cyber security into India's overall homeland security strategy.
The document provides an overview of Peter Wood, an expert in ethical hacking and cybersecurity. It discusses the concept of "consumerisation" where employees want to use their personal devices for work purposes. While this raises security concerns for IT departments, the document argues that tightly controlling devices is ineffective and employee expectations around mobility and flexibility will result in loosened corporate control over tools. It outlines some of the mobile security risks at different layers of devices and examples of malware targeting smartphones.
chapter 3 ethics: computer and internet crimemuhammad awais
This document discusses security risk assessment for a group project. It lists the group members and outlines the 8 steps to perform a security risk assessment. These include identifying assets, threats, likelihood and impacts of threats, and mitigation options. It emphasizes the importance of a complete inventory and using qualified experts. The document also covers defining security policies, prevention methods like firewalls and antivirus software, detection using IDS, and response including documentation, containment and follow up reviews.
Cyber terrorism poses a significant threat to India according to experts. Pakistani cyber criminals deface dozens of Indian websites daily, far more than the number of Pakistani sites defaced in retaliation. While India is an IT leader, it lags behind in cyber security. Cyber terrorism can involve hacking critical infrastructure to harm the public and includes acts that are highly publicized on a large scale. International cooperation and domestic security improvements are needed to address this growing issue.
This document discusses various aspects of cyber warfare and security. It introduces cyber deterrence and its challenges. It then describes components of a reference model for cyber security including surveillance, penetration testing, honey nets, forensics, attribution, monitoring, reconnaissance, scanning, vulnerability analysis and exploitation. For each component, it provides details on the concept and relevant tools. The document aims to provide an overview of the cyber warfare landscape and approaches.
Cyber warfare an architecture for deterrenceBikrant Gautam
This chapter discusses cyber deterrence strategies and architectures. It outlines the objectives of cyber deterrence as preventing attacks, denying enemies freedom in cyberspace, and using cyber space for counterattacks. It discusses challenges like attribution and unpredictability. The chapter summarizes Libicki's cyber deterrence strategy of situational awareness, identification, analysis, attribution assessment, and retaliation considerations. It proposes a solution architecture using military botnets for effective distributed scanning and proposes prototypes and performance benchmarking of threaded and botnet-based scanning.
CYBERWAR: THE NEXT THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITYTalwant Singh
Cyber is a real threat and we can not keep our eyes shut to the same. Most of the countries surrounding us are involved in cyberwar covertly and we need to take steps to counter the same at the earliest.
VMware Carbon Black Connect 2020 - Presentation on Destructive Malware and how the threat landscape is evolving as it relates to Nation State Adversaries and their capabilities.
Malware Every Second outlines how cyberattacks have increased exponentially, with McAfee finding new malware every second by 2013. The Stuxnet case study details a "bloodless" cyberwar operation by the US and Israel against Iran's nuclear program via a targeted worm. It infiltrated systems through flash drives and sabotaged centrifuges while appearing to engineers as equipment defects. Stuxnet highlighted cyberwarfare's potential for precision attacks with no human casualties. However, civilian networks will still suffer collateral damage as combatants use them for attacks. Future trends of cloud, mobile and big data will shape ongoing cybersecurity challenges.
The study found a 400% increase in Android malware and that mobile devices are exposed to a record number of security threats. The greatest source of mobile malware is application downloads, so users should consider antivirus apps. Android and Facebook have seen large increases in malicious campaigns. SMS is also risky, as 17% of infections came from SMS Trojans that incurred charges. The study also noted that 20% of teens admit to sending inappropriate content from mobile devices. Mobile devices are unprotected because they can be easily stolen or lost without precautions, and intruders can sometimes gain access if devices are left unprotected or malware is installed.
Software theft involves illegally copying or distributing copyrighted software. There are four main types of software theft: [1] physically stealing software media or hardware, [2] disgruntled employees deleting programs from company computers, [3] widespread piracy of software manufacturers' products, and [4] obtaining registration codes illegally without purchase. To prevent software theft, owners should secure original materials, users should backup regularly, companies should escort terminated employees, and software companies enforce license agreements limiting legal use.
The IT sector is a key driver of the European economy, with 60% of Europeans using the internet regularly and 87% owning mobile phones. In 2009, Europe had the largest broadband market worldwide. However, cyber attacks have increasingly threatened internet security and the European economy. In 2007, Estonia suffered a massive cyber attack affecting government, banking, media and other services through techniques ranging from simple ping commands to sophisticated distributed denial of service attacks coordinated using botnets of compromised servers around the world.
This document provides a briefing on cyberwarfare. It begins with definitions of cyber, warfare, and cyberwarfare. It then discusses three recent cyberwarfare events: 1) Russia attacking Georgia in 2008 through DDoS and hacking, 2) An unknown agency attacking US military networks in 2008 through an infected USB drive, and 3) An unknown attacker (allegedly Israel) targeting Iran's nuclear facilities in 2010 through the Stuxnet virus. It analyzes the impacts and countermeasures for each event. Finally, it concludes with questions around regulating cyber groups and establishing protocols for cyberweapons.
Are we near the point of cyber-armageddon or are we simply engaged in a new reality of information security priorities? Are the attacks being discovered daily against private sector and public federal systems somehow unique and new, or are they simply the new reality of cyberspace? Organizations are regularly forced to make difficult decisions about how best to protect their information systems. Executives daily open the newspaper to find another example of effective cyber attacks and hacking. How do organizations know when security mechanisms are enough to keep their data safe? In an effort to answer this question and respond to mounting cyber incidents worldwide, the US federal government has been engaging in numerous efforts to secure cyberspace. But what are they and will they be enough? In this presentation James Tarala, a Senior Instructor with the SANS Institute and a Principal Consultant at Enclave Security, will describe current efforts and the tools being offered to help citizens and protect cyberspace.
Mobile devices pose risks to businesses and users due to potential data loss or theft. Malware targeting mobile platforms is increasing and can steal personal data, block device functions, or transmit data without permission. When mobile devices are lost or stolen, they may contain confidential corporate or personal information without encryption or other security measures. Businesses should implement organizational and technical solutions like mobile device management, encryption, and security software to mitigate mobile risks.
Sensational Headlines or Real Threats? What New Attacks Mean For You. Lumension
Well-organized, highly sophisticated cyber attacks continue to make headlines, hitting major U.S. banks and global companies like Adobe to name a few. In support of October as National Cyber Security Awareness Month, Lumension CEO Pat Clawson, Prolexic CEO Scott Hammack, security industry expert and author, Richard Stiennon and industry analyst and webcast moderator Eric Ogren will share their unique insight into these recent news-making attacks and what they mean for enterprises everywhere.
Learn:
•The latest, seemingly extraordinary attacks;
•How these attacks could escalate to the point where they matter to you and;
•What you should be doing to secure against them.
The document provides tips for securing smartphones, including enabling password protection, installing antivirus software, updating the operating system regularly, downloading apps only from official app stores, being cautious on public WiFi networks, turning off Bluetooth when not in use, and backing up data. Following these tips such as using passwords, antivirus software, and updating the OS can help protect smartphones from cyber attacks and data theft. The document emphasizes that as smartphones take on more functions of computers, it is important to treat mobile security like computer security.
Cyber Security in the Manufacturing Industry: New challenges in the informati...Ekonomikas ministrija
This document discusses cyber security challenges in the manufacturing industry. It provides background on the growth of internet connectivity and cyber attacks over time. Key points mentioned include that digitalization is driving industry 4.0 but also increasing security risks. Manufacturing is now one of the most frequently hacked sectors, with nearly half of all cyber attacks targeting small businesses. The document examines past significant cyber attacks like Stuxnet and those targeting Ukraine's power grid. It also notes that the majority of industrial organization's networks remain vulnerable to remote hackers. Finally, it raises important questions manufacturing executives should consider around protecting industrial control systems and networks from internet threats.
This document summarizes a presentation on cybersecurity risks and management practices. It outlines the evolution of cyber threats from less advanced in the past to more sophisticated today. Significant risks to businesses are identified as data theft, malware that destroys systems, denial of service attacks, and reputational attacks. Case studies show how even large companies can be vulnerable to attacks through a single weak point. The document then covers different types of security threats like hacking, phishing, man-in-the-middle attacks, and botnets. It emphasizes the need for senior management leadership on cybersecurity and outlines best practices for managing risks and measuring return on investment in security.
This document discusses port security on Cisco switches. It explains that by default all switch ports are open, allowing any device to connect. Port security allows restricting a port to only allow specific MAC addresses, preventing unauthorized access. It provides steps to configure port security by defining the port as an access port, enabling port security, and specifying allowed MAC addresses. It also describes optional settings like violation actions and maximum MAC addresses. An example configuration is given to demonstrate learning and blocking additional MACs on a port.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
This document discusses port security on switches. It describes switches as devices that forward data from input and output ports to their destinations. It outlines different types of port security including dynamic, static, and sticky MAC address configurations. It also discusses what causes port security violations and the different violation modes of shutdown, protect, and restrict.
How to configure port security in cisco switchIT Tech
This document provides instructions for configuring several security and management features on a Cisco switch, including:
1) Configuring the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway to enable remote access via telnet or SSH.
2) Enabling telnet and setting login passwords to restrict access.
3) Enabling port security to restrict which devices can connect to a port and shut down ports with unauthorized MAC addresses.
4) Configuring EtherChannel to combine switch ports to increase bandwidth while preventing loops.
The Container Security Initiative (CSI) is a program launched by U.S. Customs and Border Protection after 9/11 to screen cargo containers for nuclear and radiological materials before they are shipped to U.S. ports. CSI places customs officials in foreign ports to target and prescreen high-risk cargo, working with host country officials. The goal is to prevent weapons of mass destruction from being smuggled in cargo containers and protect global trade while facilitating the flow of legitimate commerce. CSI currently operates in over 58 foreign ports.
Technological advancements can help heighten port security in Africa by detecting potential nuclear threats. Radioactive materials could be smuggled in shipping containers and used to create dirty bombs. Port perimeters need sensors and video detection systems to monitor for radioactive contamination in vehicles and cargo. Biometrics and RFID tracking of employees and containers can also help enforce access controls and regulate the flow of goods and people. Together, modern security systems and vigilant screening processes can safeguard ports from nuclear dangers and criminal plans.
Cyberwarfare poses serious challenges for security experts in detecting, preventing, and attributing cyber intrusions, as demonstrated by successful attacks on systems like the FAA and Pentagon networks. People, organizations, and technology all contribute to the problem. Individuals and nations can conduct cyberwarfare for a fraction of the cost of other forms of warfare. The US lacks clear cybersecurity policies and leadership. While technical solutions are being developed, such as Cybercom and new standards, effective prevention will remain difficult given the ability of adversaries to develop more advanced techniques and denial of responsibility in cyberspace.
The document discusses the emerging threat of hardware trojans - malicious code implanted directly into computer chips during the manufacturing process. This could allow attackers to manipulate data, shut down systems, or turn devices into bugs. While difficult to do, it could be done by intelligence agencies or well-funded criminals. Experts are developing techniques like hardware modeling to detect trojans in chip designs before manufacturing. Government agencies are also releasing best practices for organizations to evaluate supplier trustworthiness and mitigate these risks.
A technological disaster is caused by issues with technology or human error in operating technology. Examples include industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic waste spills, dam failures, transportation accidents, fires, and chemical spills. In 1983, there was nearly a global catastrophe when a faulty early warning system in the Soviet Union almost caused the start of World War III by mistake. Additionally, in 2022 a software problem grounded over 17,000 flights at Los Angeles International Airport for eight hours due to incorrect data being sent across the network from a faulty network card.
54 Chapter 1 • The Threat EnvironmentFIGURE 1-18 Cyberwar .docxalinainglis
54 Chapter 1 • The Threat Environment
FIGURE 1-18 Cyberwar and Cyberterror (Study Figure)
Nightmare Threats
Potential for far greater attacks than those caused by criminal attackers
Cyberwar
Computer-based attacks by national governments
Espionage
Cyber-only attacks to damage financial and communication infrastructure
To augment conventional physical attacks
Attack IT infrastructure along with physical attacks (or in place of physical attacks)
Paralyze enemy command and control
Engage in propaganda attacks
Cyberterror
Attacks by terrorists or terrorist groups
May attack IT resources directly
Use the Internet for recruitment and coordination
Use the Internet to augment physical attacks
Disrupt communication among first responders
Use cyberattacks to increase terror in physical attacks
Turn to computer crime to fund their attacks
espionage.87 Cyber espionage from China has been a serious problem since 1999.88
The Chinese government has been involved in, or sponsored, attacks aimed at the State
Department, Commerce Department, Senators, Congressmen, and US military labs.89
Cyberwar attacks can be launched without engaging in physical hostilities and still do
tremendous damage. Countries can use cyberwar attacks to do massive damage to one
another’s financial infrastructures, to disrupt one another’s communication infrastructures,
and to damage the country’s IT infrastructure all as precursors to actual physical hostilities.
Cyberterror
Another nightmare scenario is cyberterror, in which the attacker is a terrorist or group of
terrorists.90 Of course, cyberterrorists can attack information technology resources directly.
They can damage a country’s financial, communication, and utilities infrastructure.91
87 Dawn S. Onley and Patience Wait, “Red Storm Rising,” GCN.com, August 21, 2006. Keith Epstein, “China
Stealing U.S. Computer Data, Says Commission,” Business Week, November 21, 2008. http://www.businessweek.
com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/nov2008/db20081121_440892.htm.
88 Daniel Verton and L. Scott Tillett, “DOD Confirms Cyberattack ‘Something New’,” Cnn.com, March 6, 1999.
89 Josh Rogin, “The Top 10 Chinese Cyber Attacks (that we know of),” ForeignPolicy.com, January 22, 2010.
90 Although organized terrorist groups are very serious threats, a related group of attackers is somewhat dan-
gerous. These are hacktivists, who attack based on political beliefs. During tense periods between the United
States and China, for instance, hacktivists on both sides have attacked the IT resources of the other country.
91 In 2008, the CIA revealed that attacks over the Internet had cut off electrical power in several cities. Robert
McMillan, PC World, January 19, 2008. http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,141564/article.htm?tk=nl_dnxnws.
Chapter 1 • The Threat Environment 55
Most commonly, cyberterrorists use the Internet as a recruitment tool through
websites and to coordinate their activities.92 They can also use cyberterror in conjunc-
tion with .
The document discusses China's growing cyber warfare capabilities and cyber attacks originating from China. It notes China's military modernization over the past decade, including developments in cyber warfare. The document then provides examples of cyber intrusions and cyber espionage attacks against the US and India originating from China. These include hacking, cyber reconnaissance, use of malware like Trojan horses, and denial of service attacks. The document discusses challenges in tracing the origin of such attacks and China's development of these capabilities according to PLA writings.
The document outlines an information security workshop presentation on the scope and importance of information security. It discusses 10 key domains of information security knowledge including access control, application security, risk management, cryptography, operations security, physical security, security architecture, telecommunications, and networks. The presenter has 10 years of IT consulting experience and various security certifications. The goals are to raise awareness of information security and the need for regional cooperation such as a Pacific Computer Emergency Response Team.
December ISSA Meeting Executive Security Presentationwhmillerjr
The document summarizes a presentation given by William H. Miller Jr. on enterprise security from a C-level perspective to the Information Systems Security Association Space Coast Florida Chapter. Some key points discussed include the inevitability of cyber attacks, the need for public-private partnerships in cybersecurity, guidelines for effective security policies, and components of a comprehensive security framework for organizations.
Stuxnet was a sophisticated cyber attack targeting Iran's nuclear facilities that changed perceptions of threats to critical infrastructure systems like SCADA. It exploited vulnerabilities in both Windows and Siemens control software to sabotage centrifuges without detection for nearly a year. This highlighted that SCADA/ICS are vulnerable targets due to their use of outdated protocols and legacy systems not originally designed with security in mind. Common security issues with SCADA include lack of access controls, unpatched systems, integration with corporate networks, and human/contractor oversight. Best practices like the NERC standards and updates to protocols like DNP3 can help mitigate risks if properly implemented throughout the SCADA lifecycle.
A1 - Cibersegurança - Raising the Bar for CybersecuritySpark Security
The document discusses cybersecurity and how simple it is for hackers to breach corporate networks. It finds that over 90% of successful breaches only require basic hacking techniques that use tools freely available online. The document recommends that companies implement four risk reduction measures - whitelisting authorized software, rapidly patching systems, minimizing administrator privileges, and continuous monitoring - to significantly reduce their risks of being hacked as these measures address the most common vulnerabilities exploited. It argues companies need to better secure their networks to meet their fiduciary responsibilities and due diligence in protecting shareholder value from the persistent cyber threats faced.
IT Security for the Physical Security Professionalciso_insights
This document provides an overview of an IT security presentation for physical security professionals. The agenda includes introductions, an overview of IT security concepts and terminology, technical topics, and ways physical security professionals can help with IT security. Some key points covered include changing threats like identity theft and phishing, common attacks like man-in-the-middle and denial of service, and risks from things like laptop theft, wireless networks, and spyware. The presentation aims to help physical security professionals understand basic IT security principles and how they can support efforts to protect electronic information and networks.
Topic #17 IT Security ITSecurityIncidentsA.docxjuliennehar
Topic #17
IT Security
IT Security Incidents: A Worsening Problem
Security of informa:on technology is cri:cal
§ protect confiden+al business data, including customer and
employee data
§ protect against malicious acts of the5 or disrup6on
Security concerns must be balanced against other business needs
(ethical decision regarding IT security):
§ Pursue prosecu6on at all costs or maintain low profile : to avoid
nega6ve publicity!!
§ how much effort and money should be devoted to security?
§ if firm produces SW with security flaws, what ac6ons should it
take?
§ what if security safeguards make life more difficult for
customers and employees: will it result in lost sales and
increased costs?
2
Number of IT Security Incidents Are Increasing
Computer Emergency Response Team Coordina6on Center
(CERT/CC)
§ Established in 1988 at the So5ware Engineering Ins6tute (SEI)
§ SEI: federally funded R&D center at CMU
§ Charged with
§ coordina6ng communica6on among experts during
computer security emergencies
§ helping to prevent future incidents
§ study Internet security vulnerabili6es
§ publish security alerts
§ develop informa6on and training for organiza6ons
3
Increasing Complexity Increases Vulnerability
Compu6ng environment is enormously complex
Con6nues to increase in complexity:
§ networks, computers, OSes
§ apps, Web sites
§ switches, routers, gateways
§ all interconnected and driven by 100s of millions of LoC
(Lines of Code).
Number of possible entry points to a network expands
con6nuously as more devices added,
§ This increases possibility of security breaches
4
Increased Reliance on Commercial SoDware with
Known Vulnerabili:es
Exploit: An a\ack on an informa6on system that takes advantage of a
par6cular system vulnerability. Typically due to poor system design or
implementa6on SW developers quickly create and issue patch:
§ a “fix” to eliminate the problem
§ users are responsible for obtaining and installing patches
-which they can download from the Web
§ delays in installing patches expose users to security breaches
Zero-day aIack: Takes place before a vulnerability is discovered or fixed
U.S. companies rely on commercial so5ware with known vulnerabili6es.
IT orgs con6nue to use installed So5ware “as is” (e.g. IE, RealPlayer, JRE)
§ Since security fixes could make SW harder to use or eliminate
“nice to have features.”
5
Number of Vulnerabili:es Reported to CERT/CC
6
Rate of
discovering
So5ware
vulnerabili6es
Exceeds 10/day
AIack of the Giant Worm
• On November 2, 1988, a worm began to thread its way
through the Internet. Once installed, it mul6plied, clogging
available space, un6l computers ground to a halt. The worm
exploited UNIX holes in sendmail and fingerd. Around 2500
computers were infected.
Within 12 hours, the Computer Systems Research Group at
Berkeley developed ...
1) The document discusses the evolving nature of cyber security threats and how both nations and individuals are vulnerable due to increased connectivity and interdependence on internet-connected systems and infrastructure.
2) It notes that as critical systems like elections and power grids become networked and accessible online, national security will require addressing potential cyber attacks.
3) The document examines different types of cyber attacks and challenges like attribution, and argues that governments need to take cyber security seriously and invest appropriately in defenses given their growing reliance on digital technologies.
This document discusses how to make an Asterisk system more secure. It begins by explaining that PBX systems are targets for hackers and how they can find unsecured systems. It then provides recommendations for securing the physical device, operating system, network, Asterisk configuration, SIP, and dialplan. Resources discussed include taking Asterisk security courses, reviewing the Asterisk wiki for security articles, keeping systems updated, and using dedicated VoIP security products to monitor for attacks.
The presentation discusses the increasing risk of cyber attacks against the maritime sector. It notes that ships now rely heavily on computerized systems for navigation, cargo handling, and operations that may be vulnerable to attack. A successful cyber attack could endanger lives, damage ships or infrastructure, and cause significant economic losses by disrupting operations or cargo. While previous attacks were often financially motivated, modern threats increasingly aim to cause physical damage by hacking industrial control systems. The maritime sector is at high risk due to its reliance on computer networks and accessibility of critical onboard systems and infrastructure.
Cyber Security Matters a book by Hama David Bundohdbundo
This document provides an introduction to cyber security. It defines cyber security and lists some common cyber security threats such as social engineering, malware, phishing, SQL injection, man-in-the-middle attacks, and denial-of-service attacks. It then discusses key cyber security terminology and concepts including access authorization, anti-virus software, authentication techniques, backups, encryption, firewalls, hackers, honeypots, intrusion detection systems, and port scanning. The document aims to educate readers on cyber security risks and mitigation strategies.
Firewalls have proved to be ineffective for cyber-security. Instead, a new category of security applications has emerged which learn from the criminal behavior of intruders and use data in combination with deception to trap hackers.
Presentation to OECD project group on Global Risk. Expanded version presented to British Computer Society, Deutsche Bank and University of Southern Denmark.
Cyber(in)security: systemic risks and responsesblogzilla
Presented at National Security 2008 in Brussels. Updated for British Computer Society, Deutsche Bank, Oxford University, and University of Southern Denmark.
The document discusses cybersecurity challenges and opportunities for hardware-based solutions. It notes that the US is engaged in a "low-intensity" cyber conflict and cannot solely rely on military approaches. Hardware assurance technologies can help address issues like detecting counterfeit chips, ensuring device authenticity, and establishing secure communication channels. Combining on-chip instrumentation, encryption, and GPS could provide next-generation cybersecurity capabilities.
Future-proofing maritime ports against emerging cyber-physical threatsSteven SIM Kok Leong
First presented at Cybersecurity for Maritime Summit 2017 in Oct 2017. Subsequently presented at Temasek Polytechnic ISACA Day in Nov 2017. Audience comprises of cybersecurity professionals in the maritime sector and also cybersecurity students who are keen to learn more about cybersecurity considerations in a shipping port environment.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
1. Implications of the Stuxnet Worm to US Shipping Ports When talk turns to war, amateurs discuss strategy. Professionals discuss logistics. - Anonymous Musings by Borepatch http://borepatch.blogspot.com
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6. Port of Wilmington Two Port of Wilmington top-lifts rigged with slings work in tandem to lower a damaged vehicle onto a flatbed truck for delivery to Camp Lejeune, Sunday, April 10 [2005]. The Port is handling two ships in four days loaded with several hundred vehicles and other equipment returning from service in Operation Iraqi Freedom.
7. Top 10 Ports in the US Rank Port name Total Tons 1 South Louisiana 224,187,320 2 Houston, TX 202,047,327 3 Newark, NJ 152,377,503 4 Beaumont, TX 91,697,948 5 Long Beach, CA 80,066,130 6 Corpus Christi, TX 78,924,757 7 New Orleans, LA 78,085,209 8 Huntington, WV 77,307,514 9 Port City of Texas 68,282,902 10 Baton Rouge, LA 57,082,823
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10. Advice from the UK's Information Security Chief GCHQ's director has said that 80 per cent of the government's cyber security vulnerabilities can be solved through good information assurance. Iain Lobban, the director of the signals intelligence and information security organisation, said if government departments observed basic network security disciplines, such as "keeping patches up to date", combined with the necessary attention to personnel security, their online networks would be much safer. Source: The Register, 13 October 2010