When a collision occurs using CSMA/CD, hosts return to listen-before-transmit mode after the backoff period expires. No collisions will occur on a link administratively configured for full-duplex. With an empty MAC table, SW1 will flood the frame from PC_A to PC_C on all ports except the originating port. When receiving a frame with an unknown source MAC, the switch will map the source to the receiving port. With default configurations, workstations B and C will capture the frame from workstation A.
The document discusses various switch security concepts and configuration including:
- Defense in depth with multiple layers of security and controlling network access.
- MAC flooding and spoofing attacks and how switches use MAC address tables to forward traffic.
- Port security features like limiting MAC addresses, locking ports based on violations, and aging secure addresses.
- Storm control to limit broadcast traffic and prevent denial of service attacks.
- DHCP snooping to prevent unauthorized DHCP servers and spoofing of client requests.
- Dynamic ARP inspection to validate ARP packets match the DHCP snooping database.
The document discusses various methods for attacking network switches, including MAC flooding attacks, MAC spoofing attacks, and attacks against the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). It describes how MAC flooding can overwhelm a switch's bridging table and cause frames to flood across all ports. It also outlines several countermeasures switches can implement, such as port security, BPDU guard, and root guard, to prevent MAC flooding and spoofing attacks as well as STP attacks.
Ch3 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wirelesskratos2424
This document contains a CCNA exam with multiple choice questions about VLANs and trunking. Some key points:
- VLANs improve network security by isolating users and reducing broadcast storms. Trunking allows multiple VLANs to cross a link.
- In a default switch configuration, all ports are members of VLAN1.
- For trunking to occur, both switch ports must be configured consistently (e.g. with trunk mode on).
- VLAN tags are only added on trunk links that carry multiple VLANs between switches.
- Non-default VLANs must use extended range numbers like 20-30. VLANs can be configured in VLAN database or global config mode.
Final exam ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wirelesskratos2424
The document is a practice exam for the CCNA Exploration 3 LAN Switching and Wireless final exam. It contains 25 multiple choice questions covering topics such as IP addressing, switch configuration, VLANs, trunking, STP, and inter-VLAN routing.
This document discusses key concepts of Ethernet and switch configuration. It describes Ethernet frame formats, MAC addresses, switch port settings including auto-negotiation and auto-MDIX. It explains how switches use MAC address tables to forward traffic, providing examples of entries being added to the table. Design considerations for Ethernet like bandwidth and collisions are also covered.
Securing network switches at the layer 2 level is important to prevent various attacks. The document outlines steps to secure administrative access to switches, protect the management port, turn off unused services and interfaces, and use features like DHCP snooping, dynamic ARP inspection (DAI), port security, and VLANs to mitigate attacks like VLAN hopping, STP manipulation, DHCP spoofing, ARP spoofing, CAM table overflows, and MAC address spoofing. Following configuration best practices and securing switches at layer 2 helps strengthen network security.
CCNA 4 Answers, CCNA 1 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 2 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 3 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 4 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 1 Final Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 2 Final Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 3 Final Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 4 Final Version 4.0 Answers
The following summarizes the key points from the document:
1. The document contains questions and answers related to networking concepts such as VLANs, trunking, routing, and wireless networking.
2. It covers topics like spanning tree protocol, router-on-a-stick, inter-VLAN routing, trunking, wireless authentication, and access point configuration.
3. The questions are multiple choice designed to test knowledge of networking fundamentals and best practices.
The document discusses various switch security concepts and configuration including:
- Defense in depth with multiple layers of security and controlling network access.
- MAC flooding and spoofing attacks and how switches use MAC address tables to forward traffic.
- Port security features like limiting MAC addresses, locking ports based on violations, and aging secure addresses.
- Storm control to limit broadcast traffic and prevent denial of service attacks.
- DHCP snooping to prevent unauthorized DHCP servers and spoofing of client requests.
- Dynamic ARP inspection to validate ARP packets match the DHCP snooping database.
The document discusses various methods for attacking network switches, including MAC flooding attacks, MAC spoofing attacks, and attacks against the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). It describes how MAC flooding can overwhelm a switch's bridging table and cause frames to flood across all ports. It also outlines several countermeasures switches can implement, such as port security, BPDU guard, and root guard, to prevent MAC flooding and spoofing attacks as well as STP attacks.
Ch3 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wirelesskratos2424
This document contains a CCNA exam with multiple choice questions about VLANs and trunking. Some key points:
- VLANs improve network security by isolating users and reducing broadcast storms. Trunking allows multiple VLANs to cross a link.
- In a default switch configuration, all ports are members of VLAN1.
- For trunking to occur, both switch ports must be configured consistently (e.g. with trunk mode on).
- VLAN tags are only added on trunk links that carry multiple VLANs between switches.
- Non-default VLANs must use extended range numbers like 20-30. VLANs can be configured in VLAN database or global config mode.
Final exam ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wirelesskratos2424
The document is a practice exam for the CCNA Exploration 3 LAN Switching and Wireless final exam. It contains 25 multiple choice questions covering topics such as IP addressing, switch configuration, VLANs, trunking, STP, and inter-VLAN routing.
This document discusses key concepts of Ethernet and switch configuration. It describes Ethernet frame formats, MAC addresses, switch port settings including auto-negotiation and auto-MDIX. It explains how switches use MAC address tables to forward traffic, providing examples of entries being added to the table. Design considerations for Ethernet like bandwidth and collisions are also covered.
Securing network switches at the layer 2 level is important to prevent various attacks. The document outlines steps to secure administrative access to switches, protect the management port, turn off unused services and interfaces, and use features like DHCP snooping, dynamic ARP inspection (DAI), port security, and VLANs to mitigate attacks like VLAN hopping, STP manipulation, DHCP spoofing, ARP spoofing, CAM table overflows, and MAC address spoofing. Following configuration best practices and securing switches at layer 2 helps strengthen network security.
CCNA 4 Answers, CCNA 1 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 2 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 3 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 4 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 1 Final Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 2 Final Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 3 Final Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 4 Final Version 4.0 Answers
The following summarizes the key points from the document:
1. The document contains questions and answers related to networking concepts such as VLANs, trunking, routing, and wireless networking.
2. It covers topics like spanning tree protocol, router-on-a-stick, inter-VLAN routing, trunking, wireless authentication, and access point configuration.
3. The questions are multiple choice designed to test knowledge of networking fundamentals and best practices.
This document discusses port security on switches. It describes switches as devices that forward data from input and output ports to their destinations. It outlines different types of port security including dynamic, static, and sticky MAC address configurations. It also discusses what causes port security violations and the different violation modes of shutdown, protect, and restrict.
The document contains information about CCNA 3 Chapter 3 exam answers and questions regarding VLAN configuration and trunking. It provides example questions and exhibits related to VLAN implementation on Cisco switches. Specifically:
- It asks questions about VLAN configuration, trunking configuration and native VLAN mismatches that could cause communication issues between hosts on different VLANs.
- Examples show how switches must be configured for trunking with matching native VLANs to allow inter-VLAN communication. Access ports must be configured properly for the correct VLAN as well.
- Questions cover benefits of VLANs like network segmentation, security and reduced broadcast domains. They also address default characteristics of VLAN 1 and proper configuration of trunk and access ports.
CCNA DC ,CCNP DC ,CCIE DC ,CCIE DC RACK RENTALS ,CCIE DC LEARNING PPT ,CCIE DC ONLINE TRAINING.
UCS RACK RENTALS ,MDS RACK RENTALS ,NEXUS 7000 RACK RENALS
BKK16-504 Running Linux in EL2 VirtualizationLinaro
Running Linux in EL2 offers potentially important performance benefits for running VMs at the cost of more complicated low-level code paths in the kernel and worse performance for userspace applications. This talk explores the required actions taken so far, an analysis of the benefits, and discusses challenges with upstreaming this approach.
CCNA DC ,CCNP DC ,CCIE DC ,CCIE DC RACK RENTALS ,CCIE DC LEARNING PPT ,CCIE DC ONLINE TRAINING.
UCS RACK RENTALS ,MDS RACK RENTALS ,NEXUS 7000 RACK RENALS
1. Ethernet switches build MAC-address tables through a dynamic learning process to forward frames based on MAC addresses.
2. Switches maintain CAM, TCAM, and ARP tables to perform layer 2 switching functions like address learning, forwarding, and loop avoidance.
3. VLANs create multiple broadcast domains on a switch to control broadcast traffic and improve security and flexibility.
The document discusses configuring basic security features on a network switch, including password protection, login banners, and port security to restrict access by MAC address. It describes how to configure port security options like maximum MAC addresses, static vs. dynamic addressing, violation modes, and how to verify the port security configuration using show commands. The goal is to secure the switch ports and prevent common attacks like MAC flooding.
Private VLANs allow splitting a regular VLAN into multiple "subdomains" to provide isolation between hosts at layer 2. The domains are isolated broadcast domains that require layer 3 forwarding to communicate. Primary, isolated, and community ports are defined for the sub-VLANs. Primary VLANs deliver frames downstream, isolated VLANs carry frames upstream, and community VLANs allow communication within the same group and to promiscuous ports. The configuration binds VLANs into a private VLAN domain, maps host ports to secondary VLANs, and maps a promiscuous port to all secondary VLANs to allow inter-subnet communication.
This document provides an overview of Overlay Transport Virtualization (OTV) including:
OTV allows extending VLANs across multiple sites to provide same IP subnet reachability without needing routing protocols between sites. It uses MAC routing and encapsulates frames with multicast or unicast to remote sites.
OTV edge devices run IS-IS to exchange MAC addresses and build adjacencies. Frames are encapsulated at ingress edge device and decapsulated at egress, caching ARP entries for remote MACs.
Considerations for OTV include using M-Series cards, IGMPv3 on join interfaces, defining multiple data groups, and localizing FHRP protocols to avoid suboptimal routing. OTV
1. Frame tagging adds the VLAN ID to each frame to allow delivery across a switched trunk.
2. Switch1 is not participating in VTP management with the other switches because it is in a different management domain than Switch2.
3. When a packet is received on a router trunk port from VLAN 10 with a destination of 192.168.1.120, the router will forward it out the trunk tagged for VLAN 60.
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts such as VLANs, trunking, VTP, STP, wireless networking, and inter-VLAN routing. Based on the provided exhibit and configuration snippets, it tests the reader's understanding of switch and router configuration as well as common network design implementations.
The document provides sample exam questions for CCNA Exploration 4.0 related to LAN switching and wireless networking. Specifically:
- The questions cover topics such as VLAN configuration, trunking, switch port security, the OSI model, hierarchical network design, and Ethernet switching functions.
- Multiple choice answers are provided for each question to test understanding of networking concepts and configuration.
So in summary, the document appears to be practice exam questions for a CCNA certification focusing on layer 2 switching and wireless LAN technologies.
This document provides the questions and answers for the CCNA Exploration 3 - FINAL Exam Version 4.0. There are 26 multiple choice questions that cover topics related to LAN switching and wireless networking. The questions test knowledge of VLANs, trunking, STP, VTP, wireless networking concepts, and inter-VLAN routing configurations.
This document discusses common layer 2 security threats and attacks, including MAC layer attacks, VLAN attacks, spoofing attacks, and attacks against switch devices. It describes several specific attacks such as MAC flooding, VLAN hopping, DHCP starvation, and CDP manipulation. The document also provides mitigation strategies for each threat, such as using port security, private VLANs, DHCP snooping, and disabling unused protocols.
How to configure port security in cisco switchIT Tech
This document provides instructions for configuring several security and management features on a Cisco switch, including:
1) Configuring the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway to enable remote access via telnet or SSH.
2) Enabling telnet and setting login passwords to restrict access.
3) Enabling port security to restrict which devices can connect to a port and shut down ports with unauthorized MAC addresses.
4) Configuring EtherChannel to combine switch ports to increase bandwidth while preventing loops.
Lab view the switch mac address table lab - view the switchADDY50
This document describes a lab to view network device MAC addresses. It provides a topology with two devices: a switch (S1) and PC (PC-A). The objectives are to configure the devices and verify connectivity, then display, describe, and analyze the Ethernet MAC addresses of the devices. The document provides instructions to configure the IP addresses of the devices, verify connectivity through ping tests, and use commands like ipconfig and show interfaces on the devices to view and analyze their MAC addresses, including identifying the organizationally unique identifier (OUI) and serial number portions of each address.
This document summarizes port channels, virtual port channels (vPC), and multi-chassis etherchannel (MCEC) technologies. It discusses the basic design of vPC including components, initialization stages, best practices, and failure scenarios. Key points covered include vPC domains, roles, peer links, consistency checks, and configuration examples on Nexus 5000/7000/FEX platforms. Enhanced vPC (EvPC) and interactions with first hop redundancy protocols are also summarized.
The document contains configuration commands and questions related to securing access to a switch through passwords and login authentication. Setting the login command on remote router vty lines would resolve the "Password required but none set" error by configuring login passwords for telnet sessions. The enable secret command provides a more secure alternative to the enable password for privileged mode access. Disabling unnecessary services like telnet helps secure the switch against attacks.
The document provides the questions and answers for CCNA 1 Chapter 5 exam. It tests knowledge of ARP, MAC addresses, switching, Ethernet, and other networking concepts. Some key points covered include how a host obtains a destination MAC address using ARP, potential problems with ARP operation like ARP spoofing, and the purpose of the preamble in an Ethernet frame for timing synchronization.
This document discusses Cisco OTV (Overlay Transport Virtualization) and how it separates STP domains between sites, allows different STP technologies per site, handles multi-homing between sites using an Authoritative Edge Device (AED) to prevent loops, and optimizes the forwarding of different traffic types including unicast, multicast, broadcast, and ARP packets between sites while supporting MAC mobility. It also discusses how OTV isolates FHRP protocols between sites.
This document provides the answers to a CCNA 1 v6.0 Final Exam with 100 questions. Some key points:
- It addresses topics related to networking fundamentals, including network models, protocols, network configuration and troubleshooting.
- The questions test knowledge of networking concepts and Cisco IOS commands across the OSI model layers, from physical layer addressing to application layer protocols.
- Answers are provided for multiple choice questions about LANs, WANs, routing, switching, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, TCP/IP protocols and network client-server models.
This document discusses port security on switches. It describes switches as devices that forward data from input and output ports to their destinations. It outlines different types of port security including dynamic, static, and sticky MAC address configurations. It also discusses what causes port security violations and the different violation modes of shutdown, protect, and restrict.
The document contains information about CCNA 3 Chapter 3 exam answers and questions regarding VLAN configuration and trunking. It provides example questions and exhibits related to VLAN implementation on Cisco switches. Specifically:
- It asks questions about VLAN configuration, trunking configuration and native VLAN mismatches that could cause communication issues between hosts on different VLANs.
- Examples show how switches must be configured for trunking with matching native VLANs to allow inter-VLAN communication. Access ports must be configured properly for the correct VLAN as well.
- Questions cover benefits of VLANs like network segmentation, security and reduced broadcast domains. They also address default characteristics of VLAN 1 and proper configuration of trunk and access ports.
CCNA DC ,CCNP DC ,CCIE DC ,CCIE DC RACK RENTALS ,CCIE DC LEARNING PPT ,CCIE DC ONLINE TRAINING.
UCS RACK RENTALS ,MDS RACK RENTALS ,NEXUS 7000 RACK RENALS
BKK16-504 Running Linux in EL2 VirtualizationLinaro
Running Linux in EL2 offers potentially important performance benefits for running VMs at the cost of more complicated low-level code paths in the kernel and worse performance for userspace applications. This talk explores the required actions taken so far, an analysis of the benefits, and discusses challenges with upstreaming this approach.
CCNA DC ,CCNP DC ,CCIE DC ,CCIE DC RACK RENTALS ,CCIE DC LEARNING PPT ,CCIE DC ONLINE TRAINING.
UCS RACK RENTALS ,MDS RACK RENTALS ,NEXUS 7000 RACK RENALS
1. Ethernet switches build MAC-address tables through a dynamic learning process to forward frames based on MAC addresses.
2. Switches maintain CAM, TCAM, and ARP tables to perform layer 2 switching functions like address learning, forwarding, and loop avoidance.
3. VLANs create multiple broadcast domains on a switch to control broadcast traffic and improve security and flexibility.
The document discusses configuring basic security features on a network switch, including password protection, login banners, and port security to restrict access by MAC address. It describes how to configure port security options like maximum MAC addresses, static vs. dynamic addressing, violation modes, and how to verify the port security configuration using show commands. The goal is to secure the switch ports and prevent common attacks like MAC flooding.
Private VLANs allow splitting a regular VLAN into multiple "subdomains" to provide isolation between hosts at layer 2. The domains are isolated broadcast domains that require layer 3 forwarding to communicate. Primary, isolated, and community ports are defined for the sub-VLANs. Primary VLANs deliver frames downstream, isolated VLANs carry frames upstream, and community VLANs allow communication within the same group and to promiscuous ports. The configuration binds VLANs into a private VLAN domain, maps host ports to secondary VLANs, and maps a promiscuous port to all secondary VLANs to allow inter-subnet communication.
This document provides an overview of Overlay Transport Virtualization (OTV) including:
OTV allows extending VLANs across multiple sites to provide same IP subnet reachability without needing routing protocols between sites. It uses MAC routing and encapsulates frames with multicast or unicast to remote sites.
OTV edge devices run IS-IS to exchange MAC addresses and build adjacencies. Frames are encapsulated at ingress edge device and decapsulated at egress, caching ARP entries for remote MACs.
Considerations for OTV include using M-Series cards, IGMPv3 on join interfaces, defining multiple data groups, and localizing FHRP protocols to avoid suboptimal routing. OTV
1. Frame tagging adds the VLAN ID to each frame to allow delivery across a switched trunk.
2. Switch1 is not participating in VTP management with the other switches because it is in a different management domain than Switch2.
3. When a packet is received on a router trunk port from VLAN 10 with a destination of 192.168.1.120, the router will forward it out the trunk tagged for VLAN 60.
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts such as VLANs, trunking, VTP, STP, wireless networking, and inter-VLAN routing. Based on the provided exhibit and configuration snippets, it tests the reader's understanding of switch and router configuration as well as common network design implementations.
The document provides sample exam questions for CCNA Exploration 4.0 related to LAN switching and wireless networking. Specifically:
- The questions cover topics such as VLAN configuration, trunking, switch port security, the OSI model, hierarchical network design, and Ethernet switching functions.
- Multiple choice answers are provided for each question to test understanding of networking concepts and configuration.
So in summary, the document appears to be practice exam questions for a CCNA certification focusing on layer 2 switching and wireless LAN technologies.
This document provides the questions and answers for the CCNA Exploration 3 - FINAL Exam Version 4.0. There are 26 multiple choice questions that cover topics related to LAN switching and wireless networking. The questions test knowledge of VLANs, trunking, STP, VTP, wireless networking concepts, and inter-VLAN routing configurations.
This document discusses common layer 2 security threats and attacks, including MAC layer attacks, VLAN attacks, spoofing attacks, and attacks against switch devices. It describes several specific attacks such as MAC flooding, VLAN hopping, DHCP starvation, and CDP manipulation. The document also provides mitigation strategies for each threat, such as using port security, private VLANs, DHCP snooping, and disabling unused protocols.
How to configure port security in cisco switchIT Tech
This document provides instructions for configuring several security and management features on a Cisco switch, including:
1) Configuring the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway to enable remote access via telnet or SSH.
2) Enabling telnet and setting login passwords to restrict access.
3) Enabling port security to restrict which devices can connect to a port and shut down ports with unauthorized MAC addresses.
4) Configuring EtherChannel to combine switch ports to increase bandwidth while preventing loops.
Lab view the switch mac address table lab - view the switchADDY50
This document describes a lab to view network device MAC addresses. It provides a topology with two devices: a switch (S1) and PC (PC-A). The objectives are to configure the devices and verify connectivity, then display, describe, and analyze the Ethernet MAC addresses of the devices. The document provides instructions to configure the IP addresses of the devices, verify connectivity through ping tests, and use commands like ipconfig and show interfaces on the devices to view and analyze their MAC addresses, including identifying the organizationally unique identifier (OUI) and serial number portions of each address.
This document summarizes port channels, virtual port channels (vPC), and multi-chassis etherchannel (MCEC) technologies. It discusses the basic design of vPC including components, initialization stages, best practices, and failure scenarios. Key points covered include vPC domains, roles, peer links, consistency checks, and configuration examples on Nexus 5000/7000/FEX platforms. Enhanced vPC (EvPC) and interactions with first hop redundancy protocols are also summarized.
The document contains configuration commands and questions related to securing access to a switch through passwords and login authentication. Setting the login command on remote router vty lines would resolve the "Password required but none set" error by configuring login passwords for telnet sessions. The enable secret command provides a more secure alternative to the enable password for privileged mode access. Disabling unnecessary services like telnet helps secure the switch against attacks.
The document provides the questions and answers for CCNA 1 Chapter 5 exam. It tests knowledge of ARP, MAC addresses, switching, Ethernet, and other networking concepts. Some key points covered include how a host obtains a destination MAC address using ARP, potential problems with ARP operation like ARP spoofing, and the purpose of the preamble in an Ethernet frame for timing synchronization.
This document discusses Cisco OTV (Overlay Transport Virtualization) and how it separates STP domains between sites, allows different STP technologies per site, handles multi-homing between sites using an Authoritative Edge Device (AED) to prevent loops, and optimizes the forwarding of different traffic types including unicast, multicast, broadcast, and ARP packets between sites while supporting MAC mobility. It also discusses how OTV isolates FHRP protocols between sites.
This document provides the answers to a CCNA 1 v6.0 Final Exam with 100 questions. Some key points:
- It addresses topics related to networking fundamentals, including network models, protocols, network configuration and troubleshooting.
- The questions test knowledge of networking concepts and Cisco IOS commands across the OSI model layers, from physical layer addressing to application layer protocols.
- Answers are provided for multiple choice questions about LANs, WANs, routing, switching, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, TCP/IP protocols and network client-server models.
Information Technology
Rrjeta Kompjuterike. Computer Networks.
Vetëm për qëllime edukative. For Educational Purposes Only.
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The document contains a practice exam for CCNA 1 with multiple choice questions about networking concepts. It covers topics like the OSI model, TCP/IP, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, routing, switching, and troubleshooting. An example question asks which layer of the OSI model would format data as shown in an exhibit. The correct answer is the data link layer.
The document discusses the differences between hubs, switches, bridges and routers. Hubs operate at the physical layer using broadcasting, while switches are intelligent devices that operate at the data link layer using MAC addresses to reduce broadcasting. Spanning tree protocol is used to prevent loops when there are redundant links between switches by blocking certain ports.
TELNET is a TCP/IP protocol that allows users to connect to remote systems and access services as if their local terminal was connected directly to the remote system. It enables users to log in remotely using their username and password. TELNET uses control characters and option negotiation to translate between the local character set and the character set of the remote system, allowing the connection to function transparently. Common options negotiated are terminal type, echo, and line mode. This document provides details on how TELNET establishes and manages remote connections.
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and ConfigurationAbdelkhalik Mosa
This chapter starts with discussing the key elements of ethernet/802.3 networks such as CSMA/CD, communication using unicast, multicast, and broadcast, the ethernet frame, MAC address, duplex settings, half-duplex and full-duplex, switch port settings, auto-MDIX, and the switch MAC table.
After that, there is a discussion about the design considerations for Ethernet networks such as bandwidth, throughput, goodput, collision domains, broadcast domains, LAN segmentation, and network latency.
Switch forwarding modes: store and forward and cut-through and the difference between symmetric and asymmetric switching.
Memory Buffering: port-based memory and shared memory.
The difference between layer 3 switches and routers.
Cisco switch CLI commands, accessing the history, switch boot sequence and recovering from system crash.
Managing the MAC address table, dynamic MAC addresses and static MAC addresses and backing configuration files to a TFTP server.
Configuring switch passwords and password recovery, configuring telnet and SSH.
Common Security Attacks such as MAC address flooding, spoofing attacks, CDP attacks and telnet attacks.
Switch port security, sticky port security and security violation modes: protect, restrict and shutdown and verifying poert security
This chapter discusses network hardware in depth, including switches, routers, wireless access points, and network interface cards. It describes the operation and advanced features of switches, such as creating the switching table, frame forwarding methods, and features like VLANs and port security. For routers, it explains routing tables, routing protocols, and access control lists. It also covers wireless security options, advanced wireless settings, and bus and feature options for network interface cards.
This document provides the answers to a CCNA 1 final exam with 50 multiple choice questions. It covers topics such as networking tools, network devices, network models, cabling, Ethernet, IP addressing, IPv6 addressing, routing, and network security. Some key points covered are the functions of switches, routers, and default gateways. It also addresses subnetting, private IP addresses, IPv6 addressing formats, and network protocols like TCP/IP, ICMP, DHCP, and DNS.
The document is a sample exam for CCNA certification that contains multiple choice questions about networking concepts. Some of the questions test knowledge of protocols like TCP, UDP, HTTP, SNMP, and protocols used for routing like OSPF, EIGRP, RIP. Other questions cover topics like VLANs, trunking, STP, and IP addressing schemes.
Switches create private collision domains and provide independent bandwidth on each port. Layer 2 switching provides hardware-based bridging using ASICs for wire speed and low latency switching at low cost. Switches learn MAC addresses by examining frames and make forwarding decisions based on layer 2 addresses, without modifying packets. Switches use the Spanning Tree Protocol to prevent network loops from occurring on redundant links while still allowing for redundancy.
This document provides answers to exam questions for the CCNA 1 certification. It includes answers for chapters 6-11 covering topics like IP addressing, Ethernet, network cabling, routers, switches and the OSI model. For each chapter there are 2-3 multiple choice questions with explanations for the answers. The site CCNAAnswers.com provides practice exam questions and training for the CCNA certification.
This document provides answers to exam questions for the CCNA 1 certification. It includes answers for the final exam, chapter exams, and practice questions covering topics like IP addressing, Ethernet, network cabling, OSI model, TCP/IP model and network devices. The answers explain networking concepts and help students prepare for the CCNA 1 certification exam.
This document provides answers to exam questions for CCNA 1 chapters 2 through 11. It begins with multiple choice questions and answers from the CCNA 1 Final Exam, followed by questions and answers from chapters 1 through 11. The questions test knowledge of networking concepts covered in those chapters, including IP addressing, Ethernet, OSI model, TCP/IP model, cabling, routers, switches, and TCP and UDP ports.
This document provides answers to exam questions for the CCNA 1 curriculum. It includes answers for the final exam as well as answers organized by chapter for chapters 1 through 8, covering introductory networking concepts like the OSI model, TCP/IP, network cables, Ethernet, and IP addressing.
This document contains 21 multiple choice questions and answers from the CCNA 1 Chapter 9 exam on network fundamentals. The questions cover topics like Ethernet protocols, data encapsulation, MAC addressing, collision detection using CSMA/CD, and Ethernet switching fundamentals.
The document provides answers to exam questions for CCNA 1 chapters 3 through 9. It includes questions from CCNA 1 final exams as well as chapter exams. For each chapter, it lists 2 multiple choice questions followed by short answers. The questions cover topics such as IP addressing, Ethernet, cabling, routers, switches, TCP/IP model and network fundamentals.
The document provides answers to exam questions for CCNA 1 chapters 3 through 9. It includes questions from Cisco exams and brief multiple choice answers. The summaries focus on key topics covered in the chapters, including IP addressing, OSI model, Ethernet, cabling, routers, and TCP/IP protocols.
This document provides answers to exam questions for CCNA 1 chapters 6 through 11. It includes questions about IP addressing, Ethernet, OSI models, cabling, and router configuration modes. Users can access this site to find answers to help them study for and pass the CCNA 1 final exam.
This document provides answers to exam questions for CCNA 1 chapters 6-11. It includes questions and brief multiple choice answers on topics like IP addressing, Ethernet, cabling, routers, and configuration modes. The answers are meant to help students studying and preparing for the CCNA 1 final exam.
Similar to Ch2 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless (20)
Ch6 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wirelesskratos2424
This document provides answers to questions about configuring router-on-a-stick inter-VLAN routing. Key steps include creating VLANs on the switch and router, configuring subinterfaces on the router matching the VLAN IDs, and using a trunk link between the switch and router. The router responds to ARP requests with the MAC address of the physical interface when using router-on-a-stick.
Ch7 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wirelesskratos2424
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This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about Cisco's hierarchical network model and related networking concepts. The questions cover topics like the different layers of the model (core, distribution, access), features supported at each layer like QoS and link aggregation, and technologies like VLANs, link aggregation, and switch characteristics.
This document provides an overview of switch operation and configuration. It discusses topics like Ethernet frame format, MAC address tables, collision and broadcast domains, latency, buffering methods, and the CLI of Cisco switches. The document is intended to remind readers about basic switching concepts covered in a CCNA curriculum.
The document discusses wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless networking concepts. It covers wireless standards such as 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n. It describes wireless network components like access points, discusses wireless security issues and configurations, and provides guidance on troubleshooting common wireless network problems.
This document discusses inter-VLAN routing and configuring a router to route between VLANs. It describes using router subinterfaces to allow a single physical router interface to route traffic for multiple VLANs by assigning each subinterface its own IP address and VLAN encapsulation. The document also briefly mentions using a multilayer switch for inter-VLAN routing and revising VLAN and trunk configuration as prerequisites.
The document discusses the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) which eliminates switching loops in a converged network. STP runs on switches by default and works by disabling redundant links to form a spanning tree topology with no loops. It uses a three step algorithm to choose a root bridge, select root and designated ports, and block redundant ports. Rapid STP and per-VLAN STP were developed to improve convergence times.
The document discusses VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP), which allows VLAN configurations to be automatically propagated across multiple switches to reduce configuration errors and maintenance. VTP operates by defining a VTP domain where one switch acts as a server to send VLAN information to other client switches. It describes how VTP advertisements are sent and processed to update switches when VLANs are added or modified on the server. The roles of server, client, and transparent modes are also outlined.
The document discusses switches and Ethernet networking concepts. It covers how switches work by building a MAC address table to forward frames, the operation of 100/1000 Mbps Ethernet, and configuring basic switch security. It also reviews related topics like collision domains, broadcast domains, latency, congestion, and switch forwarding methods.
The document discusses the key topics and concepts for designing a hierarchical LAN network, including the 3-level model consisting of core, distribution, and access layers. It covers choosing switches for each layer based on required features like port density, speed, redundancy, and layer 3 routing capability. The document also mentions incorporating voice and video traffic using quality of service and the advantages of a converged network supporting multiple traffic types over a single infrastructure.
The document discusses VLANs (virtual local area networks) and their role in dividing a network into logical segments. VLANs allow users to be grouped by function rather than physical location, improving flexibility. VLANs are configured on switches using port-based assignments and trunk links allow traffic from multiple VLANs to travel between switches using tagging. The document provides examples of configuring, monitoring and troubleshooting VLANs on Cisco switches.
1. CCNA Exploration 3 LAN Switching and
Wireless – Chapter 2 Exam
01. When a collision occurs in a network using CSMA/CD, how do hosts with data to
transmit respond after the backoff period has expired?
• The hosts return to a listen-before-transmit mode.
• The hosts creating the collision have priority to send data.
• The hosts creating the collision retransmit the last 16 frames.
• The hosts extend their delay period to allow for rapid transmission.
02. Refer to the exhibit. The switch and workstation are
administratively configured for full-duplex operation. Which statement accurately reflects
the operation of this link?
• No collisions will occur on this link.
• Only one of the devices can transmit at a time.
• The switch will have priority for transmitting data.
• The devices will default back to half duplex if excessive collisions occur.
03. Refer to the exhibit. What action does SW1
take on a frame sent from PC_A to PC_C if the MAC address table of SW1 is empty?
• SW1 drops the frame.
• SW1 floods the frame on all ports on SW1, except port Fa0/1.
• SW1 floods the frame on all ports on the switch, except Fa0/23 and Fa0/1.
2. • SW1 uses the CDP protocol to synchronize the MAC tables on both switches and then
forwards the frame to all ports on SW2.
04. When a switch receives a frame and the source MAC address is not found in the
switching table, what action will be taken by the switch to process the incoming frame?
• The switch will request that the sending node resend the frame.
• The switch will issue an ARP request to confirm that the source exists.
• The switch will map the source MAC address to the port on which it was received.
• The switch ends an acknowledgement frame to the source MAC of this incoming frame.
05. Refer to the exhibit. The switch and the
hub have default configurations, and the switch has built its CAM table. Which of the hosts
will capture a copy of the frame when workstation A sends a unicast packet to workstation
C?
• workstation C
• workstations B and C
• workstations A, B, C, and the interfaces of the router
• workstations B, C, D, E, F, and interfaces of the router
06. Refer to the exhibit. How many collision
domains are depicted in the network?
• 1
• 2
• 4
• 6
• 7
• 8
3. 07. Which two statements about Layer 2 Ethernet switches are true? (Choose two.)
• Layer 2 switches prevent broadcasts.
• Layer 2 switches have multiple collision domains.
• Layer 2 switches route traffic between different networks.
• Layer 2 switches decrease the number of broadcast domains.
• Layer 2 switches can send traffic based on the destination MAC address.
08. Which command line interface (CLI) mode allows users to configure switch
parameters, such as the hostname and password?
• user EXEC mode
• privileged EXEC mode
• global configuration mode
• interface configuration mode
09. A network administrator uses the CLI to enter a command that requires several
parameters. The switch responds with “% Incomplete command”. The administrator
cannot remember the missing parameters. What can the administrator do to get the
parameter information?
• append ? to the last parameter
• append a space and then ? to the last parameter
• use Ctrl-P to show a parameter list
• use the Tab key to show which options are available
10. Where is the startup configuration stored?
• DRAM
• NVRAM
• ROM
• startup-config.text
11. If a network administrator enters these commands on a switch, what will be the result?
Switch1(config-line)# line console 0
Switch1(config-line)# password cisco
Switch1(config-line)# login
• to secure the console port with the password “cisco”
• to deny access to the console port by specifying 0 lines are available
4. • to gain access to line configuration mode by supplying the required password
• to configure the privilege exec password that will be used for remote access
12. Refer to the exhibit. The network
administrator has decided to allow only Secure Shell connections to Switch1. After the
commands are applied, the administrator is able to connect to Switch1 using both Secure
Shell and Telnet. What is most likely the problem?
• incorrect vty lines configured
• incorrect default gateway address
• incompatible Secure Shell version
• missing transport input ssh command
• vty lines that are configured to allow only Telnet
13. Which two statements are true about EXEC mode passwords? (Choose two.)
• The enable secret password command stores the configured password in plain text.
• The enable secret password command provides better security than the enable password.
• The enable password and enable secret password protect access to privileged EXEC
mode.
• The service password-encryption command is required to encrypt the enable secret
password.
• Best practices require both the enable password and enable secret password to be
configured and used simultaneously.
14. Refer to the exhibit. The exhibit shows
partial output of the show running-config command. The enable password on this switch is
“cisco.” What can be determined from the output shown?
5. • The enable password is encrypted by default.
• An MD5 hashing algorithm was used on all encrypted passwords.
• Any configured line mode passwords will be encrypted in this configuration.
• This line represents most secure privileged EXEC mode password possible.
15. Which statement is true about the command banner login “Authorized personnel Only”
issued on a switch?
• The command is entered in privileged EXEC mode.
• The command will cause the message Authorized personnel Only to display before a user
logs in.
• The command will generate the error message % Ambiguous command: “banner motd” ”
to be displayed.
• The command will cause the message End with the character “%” to be displayed after
the command is entered into the switch.
16. What are two ways to make a switch less vulnerable to attacks like MAC address
flooding, CDP attacks, and Telnet attacks? (Choose two.)
• Enable CDP on the switch.
• Change passwords regularly.
• Turn off unnecessary services.
• Enable the HTTP server on the switch.
• Use the enable password rather than the enable secret password.
17. Which two statements are true regarding switch port security? (Choose two.)
• The three configurable violation modes all log violations via SNMP.
• Dynamically learned secure MAC addresses are lost when the switch reboots.
• The three configurable violation modes all require user intervention to re-enable ports.
• After entering the sticky parameter, only MAC addresses subsequently learned are
converted to secure MAC addresses.
• If fewer than the maximum number of MAC addresses for a port are configured
statically, dynamically learned addresses are added to CAM until the maximum number
is reached.
6. 18. Refer to the exhibit. What happens when
Host 1 attempts to send data?
• Frames from Host 1 cause the interface to shut down.
• Frames from Host 1 are dropped and no log message is sent.
• Frames from Host 1 create a MAC address entry in the running-config.
• Frames from Host 1 will remove all MAC address entries in the address table.
19. What happens when the transport input ssh command is entered on the switch vty
lines?
• The SSH client on the switch is enabled.
• Communication between the switch and remote users is encrypted.
• A username/password combination is no longer needed to establish a secure remote
connection to the switch.
• The switch requires remote connections via proprietary client software.
20. Refer to the exhibit. Which hosts will
receive a broadcast frame sent from Host A?
• hosts A and B
• hosts B and C
• hosts D and E
• hosts A, B, and C
7. • hosts B, C, D, and E
• hosts A, B, C, D, E, and F