India's population grew significantly from 238 million in 1901 to over 1.2 billion in 2010, with growth rates higher than China. Population characteristics vary globally, with developing nations having doubling times of less than 25 years compared to over 100 years for developed nations. High population growth rates can cause environmental issues like increased air and water pollution, as well as food and resource demands, through factors such as greater industrial activity, vehicle use, waste disposal, and deforestation. Health is impacted by interactions between agents, hosts, and various physical, biological, and psychosocial environmental factors.

1. Human Population and The Environment
India Population Statistics
YEAR 1901 1951 2001 2010
POPULATION 238 361 1020 1210
(million)
India’s population growth rate 1.8 %
China’s population growth rate 0.7 %

2. Population Variation Among
Nations
 USA , Canada , Soviet Union (CIS) 250 million
 Western Europe and Africa 500 million
 East Asia (China, Japan , Korea, India and Pakistan)
> 2 billion
 South Asia (most populous region)
2.5 billion
Prosperity and Poverty among nations are due to
differences in their economics- sustainable and non-
sustainable

3. Population Characteristics
DOUBLING TIME
The period within
which the population of a country
doubles is known as its doubling time.
Developed countries - Doubling time
>100 Years
Developing countries - Doubling time
< 25 Years
(Doubling time) Td = 70/r

4. Total Fertility Rate
It is defined as
the average number of children that
would be born to a woman in her
reproductive life time if the age
specific birth rates remain constant.
Value of TFR in the world is 2.9
It varies from 1.6 in developed
nations to 3.3 in developing countries

5.  Infant Mortality Rate(IMR) and Life
Expectancy
IMR set the
parameter of life expectancy, that
is , the average number of years that
an infant is expected to survive.
Death rate is generally expressed as
the number of deaths per year for
every 100 people.

6. AGE STRUCTURE

7. DEPENDENCY RATIO
The ratio of people over 65 and
under 14 to the rest of population.
REPLACEMENT LEVEL
Two parents bearing two children
will be replaced by their offsprings.
For Developing nations, where infant mortality is high and
life expectancy is low, the RL is about 2.7, whereas in
developed nations it is 2.1

8. What is population Explosion ?
Population Explosion means effects of
day by day increasing population to
environment .

10. Reasons For Increase In Population-:
 The increase in birth rates due to medical
improvements .
 The decrease in death rates due to better medical
facilities and advancements in the field of medicine.
 Immigration to better developed countries due to
several reasons like better job opportunities, war, and
natural causes like hurricanes, earthquakes, and so
forth.

11. Increase in Population in the Different Part of the world

12. Effects Of Population
Explosion
 Air Pollution .
 Water Pollutions.
 Increase in Demand For Food Resources
 Deforestation

13. Air pollution
How air pollution because of
Population Explosion ?
Given Below-:

14. Increase in Industries
 Industries

15. Increase in Vehicle

16. Water Pollution
 How Water Pollution because of Population
Explosion?
Given Below-:

17. Raw sewage and industrial waste
flows directed to main River or Sea

18. Bathroom and Garbage sewage flow Directed to
the River or Sea.

19. Increase in Demand For Food Resources
due to increase in population needs

20. Increase in Deforestation For occupying land for
day by day increase in population .
For Agriculture For Urbanization

21. Remedies for Decrease in Population
 Increase in awareness through Mass Media for Decreasing
population .
 Governmental strict measures for Family Planning.
 Awareness about population through Education firms for
students of Growing society.

22. Use of population in positive a ways-:
 For intense Labor for Private Sector which leads to
development of countries Economy.
 For Increase in Defence Sector of countries which
lead strong position of countries.
 For intense Labor for Government Sector which leads
to smooth running of Administration of Governess.

23. Example of use of population in positive ways

24. Conclusion-:
 Population Growth must be there but for some
extended.
 Population is necessary for Government Development
of Countries
 Population also doing various researchers in the world.
……………………….So population is not
Harm for world it should be used properly.

25. HealtH and
environment

26. Objectives
At the end of this session the participants
should be able to conceptualize:
1. health in its physical, mental, social and
spiritual context;
2. environment to be an important factor in the
interaction of agent and host in the
epidemiological or ecological triad;
3. the physical, biological and psychosocial
environment and understand their impact on
health.

27. “Healthy people are those who
live in healthy homes on a
healthy diet; in an environment
equally fit for birth, growth,
work, healing, and dying...
Healthy people need no
bureaucratic interference to
mate, give birth, share the
human condition, and die.”
-Ivan Illich

28. It is a state of complete
physical, mental and
social well-being and
not merely the absence
of disease orinfirmity.
Health

29. It is a condition underwhich
the individual is able to
mobilize all his resources,
intellect, emotional and
physical- foroptimum
living.
Health

30. This concept recognizes the
strength of social, economic,
political and environmental
influences on health.
HOLISTIC CONCEPT
OF HEALTH

31.
Heredity
Welfare services
Environment
Socio-economic conditions
Health and family
Life-style
DETERMINANTS OF
HEALTH:

32. Disease is a result fromcomplex
interaction between man, an agent and
the environment.
Fromecological point of view, disease is
defined as “maladjustment of the
human organismto the environment”.
Concept of Disease

33. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
TRIAD
Environment
Vector
Agent Host

34. Environment
(Physical, biological and psychosocial)
Human activities health of
individual
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT

35. Macro-environment or the external
environment
-is said to be responsible for millions of
preventable diseases originating in it.
Micro-environment
-is the Domestic environment in which man
lives.
Internal environment
-is some time used for the environment inside
the body
Types of Environment

36. PHYSICAL:
air, water, soil, housing, climate, geography, heat, light,
noise, debris, radiation, etc.
BIOLOGICAL:
man, viruses, microbial agents, insects, rodents, animals and
plants, etc.
PSYCHOSOCIAL:
cultural values, customs, beliefs, habits, attitudes, morals,
religion, education, lifestyles, community life, health
services, social and political organization.

37. The environment is all external
conditions, circumstances, and
influences surrounding and affecting
the growth and development of an
organismorcommunity of
organisms.
Environmental healthis the study
and management of environmental
conditions that affect the health and
well-being of humans.

41. These are living
organisms ortheir
products that are
harmful to humans.

42. -Ourmunicipal watertreatment
facilities are usually able to
purify waterby removing these
agents orkilling themby
disinfecting the water.
A. Water-borne diseases
-are diseases that are transmitted in
drinking water
-these disease organisms
are shed into the waterin
feces, and can produce
illness in those who
consume untreated,
contaminated water.

43. Examples:

44. Examples:

45. Examples:

46. Examples:

47. -are diseases transmitted in oron food
-to protect against food-borne diseases,
sanitarians fromlocal health
departments routinely inspect food
service establishments (restaurants)
and retail food outlets (supermarkets)
to verify that food is being stored and
handled properly.
B. Food-borne diseases

48. bacteria Salmonella
serotype enteritidis
Escherichia coli 0157:H7
Examples of food-borne
agents

49. -are those transmitted by insects or
otherarthropods
-improperenvironmental management
can cause vector-borne disease
outbreaks.
C. Vector-borne diseases

50. St. Louis encephalitis
La Crosse encephalitis
They are transmitted by mosquitoes and
plague and urine typhus transmitted by
fleas.
Examples

52. It is a result from
mismanagement or
misuse of chemicals
resulting in an
unacceptable riskto
human health.

53. -that have been manufactured forthe
purpose of reducing populations of
undesirable organisms (pests)
-most pesticides kill non-target
organisms as well as the target, or
pest species.
-the wise use of pesticides can
protect human health and
agricultural crops.
A. Pesticides are chemicals

54. Herbicides
Insecticides
Examples of categories of
pesticides

55. -is an environmental hazard produced
by millions that smoke
-diseases associated with ETS include lung
cancerand perhaps heart disease
-the EPA has classified ETS as a Class A
carcinogen
B. Environmental tobacco smoke
(ETS)

56. -Smoking has been increasingly
restricted from public buildings and
from many private work sites
-Regulation of smoking seems to be
the best approach to controlling this
pollutant

57. -is a naturally occurring element that is
used in the manufacturing of many
industrial and domestic products
-Health problems associated with the
over exposure to lead are anemia, birth
defects, bone damage, neurological
damage, kidney damage, and others.
-Exposure is by ingestion and
inhalation.
C. Lead

58. -Children are particularly at riskfrom
eating peeling lead paint.
-The prevalence of very high blood
lead levels among young children
declined significantly between 1984
and 1994 primarily because the
removal of lead fromgasoline.
-Occupational exposure is a major
source of lead intake foradults.

60. It includes airborne
particles, humidity,
equipment design
and radiation.

62. are environmental
factors that produce
psychological changes
expressed as stress,
depression, hysteria.

64. are those that result from
living in a society where
one experiences noise,
lackof privacy and
overcrowding.