Management can be viewed from three perspectives - as a noun, process, and discipline. As a noun, management refers to persons in supervisory roles who are responsible for getting work done through others. As a process, management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. As a discipline, management is the study of principles and practices related to effectively achieving organizational goals. Management aims to optimize resources, minimize risks and costs, improve performance, and plan for the future growth and development of a business.

1. • Every individual works in the organized
group to achieve what he can’t achieve
individually
• Management is an essential part of any
group activity. Group can be:-
– Family
– Play group
– Work group
– School
– Business firm
– A government
• Management is universal process
• Wherever there is human activity, there is
management

2. Introduction to Management
By
Ambika Chauhan Nair
Faculty of Hotel & Tourism
Management

3. “Management”
Management is looked at from the following
angles
• As a Noun
• As a Process
• As a Discipline

4. Management as a Noun
Management refers to all those persons who
are concerned with getting the things done
through others.
Ex.---persons of supervisory responsibilities,
MD, GM, Board of Directors
HUMAN RELATIONSHIP CONCEPT

5. Management as a Process
Management refers to all that manager
does.
Ex.---Planning, Organizing , Staffing,
Directing, Controlling
FUNCTIONAL CONCEPT

6. Management as a Discipline
Management refers to a body of knowledge,
a practice and a discipline.
Management refers to the principles and
practices of management as a subject of
study

7. Definition of Management
Functional Concept
To manage is to forecast and plan, to
organize, to command, to coordinate and
to control
----Henry Fayol

8. Human Relation Concept
Management is the art of directing and inspiring people
---- Mooney & Railey
Management is the art of getting things done through & with people in
formally organized groups. Its an art of creating an environment in
which people can perform and individuals could co-operate towards
attaining of group goals
---- Herold Koontz

9. Leadership & Decision making Concept
Management means decision making
---- Ross Moore
Management implies substitution of exact scientific investigation
and knowledge for the old individual judgment or opinion, in
all matters in the establishment
---- F.W. Taylor

10. Productivity Concept —Management
as an art of increasing productivity
Management may be defined as an art of securing
maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer &
employee and give the public the best possible service.
---- John, F. Mee
Management is the art of knowing what u want to do…. In
the best & the cheapest way.
---- F. W. Taylor

11. Integration Concept
Management is the force that integrates men & physical plant in to an
effective operating unit.
---- Keith & Gubellini
Management consists in guiding human & physical
resources into a dynamic, hard- hitting organization unit
that attains its objectives to the satisfaction of those
served and a high degree of morale and sense of
attainment on the part of those rendering the services.
---- Lawrence , A. Apply

12. Nature/Characteristics of Management
• Group Activity
• Goal- oriented—(economic & social objective)
• Universal in character
• Needed at all levels of Organization
• Distinct process (of POSDMC )
• Social process
• System of authority
• Dynamic function (continuous, moulding the enterprise with changing business environment)
• Art as well as science
• Profession
• Intangible

13. Purpose/Objectives of Management
• Optimum utilization of resources
• Minimizing the element of risk
• Improving performance
• Planning for the future.
• Growth and Development of business
• Better quality goods
• Ensuring regular supply of goods
• Discipline and Morale
• Mobilizing the best talent
• Research and Development

14. Importance of Management
• Achievement of group objectives
• Optimum utilization of resources
• Minimization of cost to combat competition
• Increased profit
• Smooth running of business
• Provides innovation
• Change & growth
• Social benefits

15. Scope of Management
• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Controlling
• Reporting
• Budgeting
• Financial
Management
• Personnel
Management
• Production
management
• Purchase
Management
• Material
Management
• Office Management
Branches of
Management

16. A Science or an Art ?
The debate whether management is
a science or an art is complicated.
Management depicts characteristics
of both.

17. Mgt as Science
• Systematized body of knowledge that uses scientific
methods of observation
• Principles are evolved on the basis of continued
observation
• Principles are exact & universal application without any
limitation
• Cause & effect relationship
• Validity can be verified and they prove a reliable basis of
predicting future events
It is systematized body of knowledge acquired by mankind
through observation and experimentation and which is
capable of verification

18. LIMITATION OF MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE
OR
MANAGEMENT AS AN INEXACT OR SOCIAL
SCIENCE
• Management principles are not fundamental
truths (not a exact science)
• Principles of management donot have a universal
application (soft science or behavioural science)
• Management lacks certainty of results

19. Mgt as an Art
It is systematic application of skill or knowledge in effecting
accomplishment of results.
 It represents the methods or ways of doing specific thing and
indicates how an objective is to be achieved.
Every art is practical and is concerned with creation of
something.
• Personal skill
• Practical knowledge
• Regular practice
• creativity

20. MANAGEMENT IS AN
ART
AS WELL AS
SCIENCE

21. Mgt & Admin
Three Views
• Administration is part of
management
• Administration comes first,
management follows it
• Management and administration
are same
1. Management
2. Administration
Management = Administration
1. Administration
2. Management