rural and urban society

1. Assignment on community for
SEMESTER-1 [2019]
SUBJECT- SOCIOLOGY
CODE-SOC1701
SUBMITTED BY: TANYA
ANJALI
SHAGUN
HIMANSHU

2. INDEX
1. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
2. INTRODUCTION
3. MEANING AND DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY
4. HISTORY OF COMMUNITY ORGANISATION
5. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY
6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY
7. IMPORTANCE OF SOCIOLOGY IN COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT

3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
This unit would enable the students to understand the concept of the
term community and the
various types of communities. It would also highlight the emergence
community work as concept
by listing the history of community work. By this the students will
understand the evolution of the
community organization as a method of community development.

4. Introduction
Community living has been the culture of human being
and hence, it has led and faced numerous
problems due to various social changes. Community
work as a method, process and intervention,
it has gained the attention of professionals who work
for the development of communities at different levels.
Government and corporate has taken this concept for
implementing their projects and ensure sustainable
development. This unit highlights the concept and
history of community work

5. MEANING AND DEFINITION OF
COMMUNITY
The word ‘community’ is derived from the Old French ‘comunete’, that means the things held in
common and in more clear term it is called as fellowship or organized society. It also indicates a
large group living in close proximity.
The term ‘Community’ refers to an aggregation of individuals and families living together and
shares common values in a particular geographical area, share government and often have a
common cultural and historical heritage. Intent, belief, preferences, resources, needs and risks are
the conditions that affect the identity of the community and the degree of cohesiveness.
Definition:
Meaning:
Community is a concept to describe a social organization that is considered fundamental to
traditional to a society, which is often regarded as natural grouping based on ties of shared blood,
language, history, territory and culture

6. HISTORY OF RURAL SOCIETY
1. Domestication of animals and agriculture
2. Began around 20,000 BC
3. Early human settlement emerged

7. HISTORY OF URBAN SOCIETY
1. Technology developments
2. Industrial revolution
3. Increased trading interaction
4. Demographic expansion
5. Betterment of health care systems

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY
(1) A group of people:
A group of people is the most fundamental or essential characteristic or element of community.
This group may be small or large but community always refers to a group of people. Because
without a group of people we can’t think of a community, when a group of people live together and
share a common life and binded by a strong sense of community consciousness at that moment a
community is formed. Hence a group of people is the first pre-requisites of community
(2) A definite locality:
It is the next important characteristic of a community. Because community is a territorial group. A
group of people alone can’t form a community. A group of people forms a community only when
they reside in a definite territory. The territory need not be fixed forever. A group of people like
nomadic people may change their habitations. But majority community are settled and a strong
bond of unity and solidarity is derived from their living in a definite locality.
(3) Community Sentiment:
It is another important characteristic or element of community. Because without community
sentiment a community can’t be formed only with a group of people and a definite locality.
Community sentiment refers to a strong sense of awe feeling among the members or a feeling of
belonging together. It refers to a sentiment of common living that exists among the members of a
locality. Because of common living within an area for a long time a sentiment of common living is
created among the members of that area. With this the members emotionally identify themselves

9. 4) Naturality:
Communities are naturally organised . It is neither a product of human will nor created by an
act of government. It grows spontaneously. Individuals became the member by birth
5) Permanence:
Community is always a permanent group. It refers to a permanent living of individuals within a
definite territory. It is not temporary like that of a crowd or association.
(6) Similarity:
The members of a community are similar in a number of ways. As they live within a definite
locality they lead a common life and share some common ends. Among the members similarity in
language, culture, customs, and traditions and in many other things is observed. Similarities in
these respects are responsible for the development of community sentiment.

10. Difference Between Rural
And Urban Society

11. ENVIRONMENT
Rural Society
1. Close contact with nature
2. More influenced by natural
Phenomena e.g. rain, heat and drought
etc.
Urban society
1. Isolated from nature
2. Human controls over environment
3. More populated environment

12. POPULATION
Rural Society
1. Small community size
2. 150-200 household per community
3. Population in thousands
4. Low density of population
Urban society
1. Very large community
2. Thousands of households
3. Population in millions
4. High population density

13. OCCUPATIONS
Rural society
1. Agriculture is the primary occupation
2 . Labor intensive manual work more
prevalent
Urban society
1. Wide range of occupation choice
2. Service industry and technology
assistance

14. HEALTH HAZARDS
Rural society
Only the sturdiest survive
the subsequent onslaughts
of unsafe and unhygienic
birth practices, unclean
water, poor nutrition, sub-
human habitats and
degraded and unsanitary
environments. With little or
no access to health care, the
grim battle continues into
adulthood, until precarious
survival once again spawns a
fresh cycle of birth and
struggle.
Urban society
The urban environment involves
health hazards with an inequitable
distribution of exposures and
vulnerabilities, but it also involves
opportunities for implementing
interventions for health equity. The
high population density in many
poor urban areas means that
interventions at a small scale level
can assist many people, and existing
infrastructure can sometimes be
upgraded to meet health demands.

15. Education system
Rural society
1. Poverty is one of the main reason that
affects educational outcomes
2. Many prefers to work on their homeland
Leads to early dropout
3. Lack of teachers is also another huge obstacle
On the way to education
Urban society
1. Many students that attend school
And college comes from good
Socio-economic background
2. Institutes are larger in size so
Experience staff shortage
3. Quality of education is better in
Urban areas

16. Social stratification
RURAL SOCIETY
1. THE SIGNIFICANT ELEMENT OF
OF STATIFICATION ARE AREA ,
CASTE, AND PROFESSION
URBAN SOCIETY
1. THE ECONOMIC RESOURCE
AND EDUCATION
STANDARD ARE ITS
ELEMENTS

17. Social differentiation
Rural Society
1. The social life in rural areas
is simple and based on similar
conditions
Urban society
1. In urban areas, the
people of diverse nature
live together. The people of
different races, sects,
castes, professions,
classes and political parties
live together

18. Social mobility
Rural society
1. Among the rural people,
the social changes are
seldom found. Mostly the
people are satisfied with their
social conditions. Very rarely
they change their place of
residence and profession
Urban society
1. The urban life is ever
changing due to expansion of
education, technology and
industry. The people change
their professions; residences
and classes for adjustment with
the new social conditions

19. Social interaction
Rural life
1. In rural areas, the
social interaction is
informal, slow and under
necessary conditions
Urban life
2. In urban lifestyle, it is
formal, reciprocal and fast.

20. Importance of sociology in community
development
A sociologist has knowledge, methods, tools and techniques to create a
thorough analysis of the community. This knowledge allows one to create a
strong plan of development according to the needs of the community. This is
important because each community has its own unique signature, which are its
cultures, traditions, rituals, ideals, norms, values and institutions. These
markers develop through the social structure, individual and communal
psychology, resource availability, geography and means of production.
Thus sociology is important in community development as it allows an
individual to create a all round development model which is suitable for the
community.