Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Pneumonitis is a more general term that describes the inflammatory process in the lung tissue that may predispose and Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a microbial agent.
place the patient at risk for microbial invasion.
Pneumonia is classified into four: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, and aspiration pneumonia.
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Pneumonitis is a more general term that describes the inflammatory process in the lung tissue that may predispose and Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a microbial agent.
place the patient at risk for microbial invasion.
Pneumonia is classified into four: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, and aspiration pneumonia.
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing.
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing.
Bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea (windpipe) and the large and small bronchi (airways) within the lungs become inflamed because of infection or irritation from certain causes. Homeopathy is the best treatment with no side effects. For further information contact Ph. : +91-265-2250212,
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. The air sacs in the lungs (called alveoli) fill up with pus and other fluid, which makes it hard for oxygen to reach the bloodstream.
Someone with pneumonia may have a fever, cough, or trouble breathing.
4. 2 : Etiological classfication. the cause of pneumonia in patient is often difficult to determine because direct culture of lung tissue invasive and rarely performed. - culture obtained from upper respiratory tract or sputum genenally not accurately. PNEUMONIA
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7. PNEUMONIA - Viral -Common Respiratory syncytial virus Parainflueza type 1 – 3 Influeza A . B Adenovirus Metapneumovirus - Un Common Rhinovirus Enterovirus Neonates Herpes simplex Neontes Cytomegalovirus Immunosuppressed person. Measles Varicella Hantavirus Sars agent.
10. PNEUMONIA Mycoplasma pneumoniae S. pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae H . Influenza Influenza viruses adenovirus. > 18 yr Mycoplasma pneumoniae S. pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae H . Influenza Influenza viruses adenovirus 5 – 18 yr Influenza viruses para fluenza viruses adenovirus S. pneumoniae H . Influenza Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae Group A straptococcus S . Aureus. 2 – 5 yr R.S.V Influenza viruses para fluenza viruses adenovirus S. pneumoniae H . Influenza Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Group A straptococcus 3 – 12 mo Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma hominis cytomegalovirus. Afebrile Pneu Rsv . Influenza viruses para fluenza viruses – adenovirus S. pneumoniae . H . influenza 1-3 mo febrile Pneu Group B straptococcus – E coli streptococcus Pneumoniae – H influeza. Neonate <1mo Frequent Pathogens Age group
20. PNEUMONIA Following changes stages: 1- congestion alveoli are failed with edema fluid and organism. 2- red hepatization alveoli contain polymorph RBCs fibrin edema and organism. 3-grey hepatization deposition of fibrin over the pleural surface phagocytosis starts inside the alveoli which are now filled with polymorph and fibrin. 4-resolution: neutrophil degenerate fibrin thread and remaining bacteria and digested and removed by phagocyte Clinical Manifestation Viral & bacterial pneumonia are often preceded by several day of symptoms of URTI typically rhinitis and cough. In viral pneumonia: fever is usually present lower than in bacteria. Tachypnea increased work of breathing accompanied by intercostal, subcostal and suprasternal retraction nasal flaring and use of accessory muscle. Severe infection accompanied by cyanosis and respiratory fatigue in infant. Auscultation of chest wheezing and crackle
21. PNEUMONIA In bacterial pneumonia: Sudden shaking chill followed high fever, cough, grunting, chest pain, drowsiness, rapid respiration, dry cough, anxiety circumoaral cyanosis. Physical finding: Depends on the stage of pneumonia diminished breath sound scattered crackels and rhonchi over affected lung. Increasing consolidation or complication. As effusion empyema or pyopneumothorax dullness on percussion and breath Sound. Diminished abdominal distension because of gastric dilation from swallowed air or ileus. Abdominal pain in lower lobe pneumonia Liver may seem enlarged because downward of diaphragm secondary to hyper inflation of lung Neck rigidity without meningitis in right upper lobe.
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25. PNEUMONIA Deterioration in clinical status antibiotic therapy should be initiated Response to treatment: Patient with uncomplicated bacterial pneumonia respond to therapy with improvement in clinical symptom (fever, cough, tachypnea, chest pain) within 48-96 hrs. Slowly resolving pneumonia 1- complication as empyema. 2- bacterial resistance. 3- non bacterial etiology as viruses and aspiration of foreign bodies or food. 4- bronchial obstruction from endobronchial lesion foreign body or mucus plug. 5- pre-existing diseases such as immunodeficiencies- ciliary dyskinesia- cysticfibrosis pulmonary sequestration cystic adenomatoid malformation. 6- non infectious causes: - bronchoilitis obliterans. - hypersensitivity pneumonitis - eosinophils pneumonia - aspiration - wegener granulomatosis
26. PNEUMONIA Complication: Usually result of direct spread of bacterial infection within thoracic cavity. (pleural effusion- empyema- pericarditis) or bacteremia and hematologic spread meningitis suppurative arthritis osteomyelitis