PMP Exam Preparation Course: 07 Project Quality Management

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B. M. Shahrier Majumder, PMP
PMP® Exam Preparation

Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this topic you will learn about
– The processes, activities and documentation items for Project
Quality Management
– Elements (and deliverables) for Project Quality Management
– Tools and techniques of the key activities of the Project Quality
Management
3

Quality Management
Project Quality Management includes the processes and activities of the
performing organization that determine quality policies, objectives and
responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was
undertaken. procedures and processes of quality planning, quality
assurance and quality control, with continuous process improvement
activities conducted throughout, as appropriate.
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Key Activities of Quality Management
• Plan Quality: The process of identifying quality requirements and/or
quality standards for the project and product, and documenting how
the project will demonstrate compliance.
• Perform Quality Assurance: The process of auditing the quality
requirements and results from quality control measurements to
ensure appropriate quality standards and operational definition are
used.
• Perform Quality Control: The process of monitoring and recording
results of executing the quality activities to asses performance and
recommend necessary changes.
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Plan Quality | Data Flow Diagram
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Plan Quality
Inputs Tools & Techniques Outputs
Scope baseline
Stakeholder register
Cost performance baseline
Schedule baseline
Risk register
Enterprise environmental
factors
Organizational process
assets
Cost-benefit analysis
Cost of Quality
Control charts
Benchmarking
Design of experiments
Statistical sampling
Flowcharting
Proprietary quality
management methodologies
Additional quality planning
tools
Quality management plan
Quality metrics
Quality checklists
Process improvement plan
Project document updates
7

Plan Quality > Inputs
• Enterprise Environmental Factors
•Governmental agencies rules, standards and guidelines
specific to the application area, may affect the project
• Organizational Process Assets
•Organizational quality policies, regulations and guidelines
•Historical databases
•Lessons learned from previous project specific to the
application area, may affect the project
8

Plan Quality > Tools and Techniques
• Cost-benefit Analysis
– Consider the trade-offs of the cost of quality
• Constant focus on stakeholder satisfaction
• Constant focus on the bottom line (benefits must outweigh the costs)
• Cheaper and more efficient to prevent defects than have to spend time
and money fixing them later
– Benefits of meeting quality requirements are
• Stakeholder satisfaction is increased
• Costs are lower
• Productivity is higher
• There is less rework
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• Cost of Quality
– Total cost of all efforts to achieve product/service quality
– Measures all work to ensure conformance to requirements and all
work resulting from nonconformance to requirements
– 3 types of costs
• Prevention costs
• Appraisal cost
• Failure cost
– Internal
– External
10

• Benchmarking
• Comparing similar activities to the current activities
• Current activities become a standard to measure performance
against (benchmark)
• Design of Experiments
• An analytical technique that identifies the elements or variables
that will have the greatest or optimal effect on overall project
outcomes
• A statistical method
11

Plan Quality > Outputs
• Quality Management Plan
• Quality management plan is a component or subsidiary plan of the
project management plan
• Describes how the project management team will enforce the Quality
Policy
• Documents the resources required to carry out the plan, the
responsibilities of the project team in quality implementation and all
processes and procedures that are used to satisfy quality
requirements
• Must address quality control, quality assurance and continuous
process improvement for the project
• Quality actions will be assigned to activities in the WBS
12

Quality Planning >> Outputs
 Quality Metrics
 Specifically describes what is measured and how it will be measured
according to the Quality Control Plan and process
 Quality Checklists
 A tool and technique of the Risk Identification process
 An input to the Quality Control Process
 Process Improvement Plan
 Process boundaries
 Process configuration
 Process metrics
 Target for improved performance
13

Perform Quality Assurance | Data Flow Diagram
14
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Perform Quality Assurance
Quality metrics
Work performance
information
Quality control measurements
Plan Quality and Perform
Quality Control tools and
techniques
Quality audits
Process analysis
Organization process assets
updates
Change request
Project management plan
updates
Project document updates
15
15

Perform Quality Assurance > Inputs
• Work Performance Information
• Technical performance measures
• Project deliverables status
• Schedule progress
• Cost incurred
16

Perform Quality Assurance > Tools and
Techniques
• Quality Audit
• Structured review of quality management activities
• May be in-house or independent
• Identify all the good /bad practices being implemented
• Identify all gaps/shortcomings
• Share the good practices introduced or implemented in similar projects
in the organization and industry
• Proactively offer assistance in a positive manner to improve
implementation of processes to help the team raise productivity
• Highlight contributions of each audit in the lesson learned repository of
the organization
17

Perform Quality Assurance > Tools and
Techniques
• Process Analysis
• Follows the steps as specified in the process improvement plan
to identify the improvements from an organizational and
technical standpoint
• Looks at the problems encountered, constraints experienced
and other non-value added activities identified
• Root Cause Analysis
18

Perform Quality Control
19
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Perform Quality Control
Quality metrics
Quality checklists
Work performance
measurements
Approved change requests
Deliverables
Organization process assets
Cause and effect diagram
Control charts
Flowcharting
Histogram
Pareto chart
Run chart
Scatter diagram
Statistical sampling
Inspection
Approved change request
review
Quality control measurements
Validated changes
Validate deliverables
Organizational process assets
updates
Change requests
Project management plan
updates
20
20

Perform Quality Control > Tools and Techniques
• Cause Effect Diagram
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• Control Chart
– Stable Process
– Unstable Process
22

• Flow charting
23

Perform Quality Control >> Tools and
Techniques
• Histogram
A histogram (or frequency
distribution chart) is a bar graph
that groups data by
predetermined intervals to show
the frequency of the data set. It
provides a way to measure and
analyze data collected about a
process or problem, and may
provide a basis for what to work
on first.
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24

• Pareto Chart
The Pareto chart is a special type of histogram, used to view causes
of a problem in order of severity from largest to smallest. It is a simple
statistical tool that graphically shows the 20-80 rule where 20% of the
sources cause 80% of the problems.
25

• Run Chart
Chronological order that displays changes and trends in the central
tendency (average)
26

• Scatter Diagram
A scatter plot is used for problem solving and understanding cause-
and-effect relationships. It shows whether a relationship exists
between two variables, by testing how one variable influences the
response (other variable).
27

 Statistical Sampling
Selecting a portion of the population (0% - 100%)
Statistical terms
Mean – sum of measurements divided by number of measurements
under consideration
Median – value having as many observations above it as below it when
the observations are arranged in increasing or decreasing sequence of
value
Mode – most frequently occurring observation
 If two modes, considered bimodal
 If three or more modes, not a viable measure of central tendency
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 Statistical Sampling (Continue)
Range – difference between the largest measurement and
the smallest measurement
Variance:
 Population or process variance – sum of the squared
deviations from the mean divided by the number of
measurements
 Sample variance – sum of the squared deviations from the
mean divided by number of measurements minus 1 (n-1)
Standard deviation – positive square root of the variance
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• Inspection
– Inspections are formal manual techniques that are a natural
evolution of desk checking. This procedure requires a team,
usually directed by a moderator.
– Measuring, examining, and testing
– Determine whether results conform to requirements
– Conducted at any level
30

Quality Management > Some Important Concept
• Gold Plating:
– Giving the customer extras
– Adds no value to the project
• Just in Time (JIT):
– Decreasing inventory close to zero
– Forces attention to quality
• Total Quality Management (TQM):
– Company and employees focus on finding the ways to
continuously improve the quality of their business practices and
products
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Questions
32
• [mail.shahrier@gmail.com]
• http://bd.linkedin.com/in/shahrier

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