Quality management involves three main processes: 1. Plan Quality Management determines quality requirements and standards and how the project will meet them. 2. Perform Quality Assurance audits work to ensure standards are followed and identifies improvements. 3. Control Quality measures work against standards and checks for variances, validating deliverables meet requirements.

1. 6.Quality Management
Project Management Training,
Qais Ur Rehman Rasooli, PMP

2. What is Quality ?
• Quality is the defined as
“the degree to which project fulfills requirements”
• Quality is customer driven, Customers are demanding
- Higher performance requirements,
- Shorter product development timeframes,
- Use of latest technology,
- Use of best materials and processes,
- Lower Contractor profit Margins,
- Fewer Defect and thus rejects,
• Quality is affected by market expectations

3. Project Quality Management -
Introduction
• Includes processes and activities that,
Determine quality policies, procedures and responsibilities
So project will satisfy the need for which the project was
undertaken
• Supports continuous improvement,
• Ensures project and product requirements are met,
• Includes Planning, Performing QA, Controlling Quality

4. Project Quality Management -
Introduction
• Help preventing problems rather than solving them,
• The view of quality has changed now,
• Identify What is
acceptable quality
and how it will be
measured.

5. Quality Theorists
• Joseph Juran: 80/20 principle, advocated
top management involvement and “fitness
for use”
• W.Edward Deming: 14 points of Total
quality management, advocated Plan-Do-
Check-Act as a the basis of quality
improvement,
• Philip Crosby: Cost of poor quality, zero
defects ,prevention over inspection, Quality
is conformance to requirements

6. Quality related PMI-isms
• Recommend improvements to current quality standards,
policies and procedures,
• Quality to be consider whenever there is change to project
constraints,
• Check quality before an activity completes,
• PM spends time to improve quality,
• PM must plan continuous quality improvement,
• PM focuses on following authorized approaches and
processes

7. Quality related PMI-isms – Cont’d…
• Some activities are related to quality control/assurance
department,
• PM determines quality metrics before the project work starts,
• Go to page 295 of Rita PMP Exam prep and skim through the
list

8. Quality related Terms
• Gold Platting,
• Prevention over inspection,
• Marginal Analysis: looking for the point where the revenue to
equals the incremental cost to achieve that quality,
• Continuous improvement (Kaizen)
• Just in time
• Total Quality Management (TQM),
• Responsibility for Quality
• Impact of Poor quality

9. Difference between Plan Quality
Management, Perform QA, Control
Quality
• Define quality for the project, product and project
management
• Plan on how it will be achieved
Plan Quality
Management
• Ensure the team is following Org policies,
standards and processes,
• Evaluate if processes need to improved or modified
Perform QA
• Examine the actual deliverables
• Ensure the deliverables are correct and meet
planned level of quality,
Control Quality

10. Difference
between Plan
Quality
Management,
Perform QA,
Control Quality

11. 1 - Plan Quality Management,
2 – Perform Quality Assurance
3 – Control Quality

12. Plan Quality Management
• Process of identifying org/industry practices, quality
requirements or standards for the project and deliverables,
• Document and plan how the project will demonstrate
complaiance with relevant quality requirements/standards,
• Look for available external and internal standards and
practices
• Find out what Customer quality standards are?,
• Are additional project specific standards or procedures req?
• Inputs: Project MP, Stakeholder register, risk register, Req
documentation, OPA, EEF

13. Plan Quality Management
• Once standard and procedures are identified
-determine the work needed to meet standards,
-determine the specific measurements and frequency
• Determine the level of quality efforts appropriate to the needs
of the project
• Output is a Quality management Plan

14. Plan Quality Management –
Tools and techniques
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Cost of Quality (COQ): Includes costs incurred
-Prevent Non Conformance, Appraising the product
-Cost of Nonconformance
• Seven Basic Quality tools
• Benchmarking
• Design of experiments
• Statistical sampling
• 3 or 6 sigma

15. Seven Basic Quality Tools
• Help clarify stakeholder requirements and expectations,
• Helps clarify acceptance criteria,
• Manage stakeholders expectations,
• Identify which tool we will use in QA and QC work,
• Cause and effect diagram
• Flowchart
• Check sheet
• Pareto diagram
• Histogram
• Control chart
• Scatter diagram

16. Cause and Effect Diagram
• Helps find the root cause of the
problem
• Also called Fishbone, Ishikawa
diagram (Dr.Kaoru Ishikawa University
of Tokyo-1943)
• Creative way of looking at cause of
problems, stimulates thinking, organ-
izes thought and generates decision
• Flowchart: shows how process or sys
flows, helps with Cost of quality

17. Flowchart
• Flowchart: shows how process or sys
flows,
• SIPOC( Supplier, input, process,
output
customer) is a common flowchart
• helps with Cost of quality
• Helps to see the process and identify
any quality issues with the process

18. Check sheet (Tally sheet)
• Type of checklist to keep track of data
• Created in Plan quality management
and used in Control quality,
• Documents how often a particular
defect occurs.
Pareto Diagram (Pareto chart)
• Type of bar chart that arranges results
from most frequent to least frequent.
Juran’s “Pareto principle – 80% of problems
are due to 20% of root causes

19. Histogram
• Displays data in the form of Bars,
• No particular order

20. Control Charts
• Upper and lower control limits,
• Mean
• Specification limits,
• Out of Control
- outside control limits,
-Rule of seven

21. Scatter Diagram
• Used to find a relationship between two variables
• Relationship is typically analyzed to prove or disprove cause
and effect relationship
• Independent and dependent variables plotted

22. Other Techniques
• Benchmarking,
• Design of Experiments (DOE),
• Statistical sampling
• 3 or 6 Sigma
- Sigma = standard deviation
- how much variance is
permissible compare to mean,

23. Output Plan Quality Management
• Quality Management Plan:
What Quality practice and standards are applicable?,
What Quality responsibilities are and what Quality processes
will be followed?
Meetings , metrics and Reports?
• Quality Metrics: What is being measured and how?
Failure rate, defect density measurements
• Quality Checklists: List of required steps in a process ,
check for completeness
• Process Improvement plans

24. 1 - Plan Quality Management,
2 – Perform Quality Assurance
3 – Control Quality

25. Perform Quality Assurance
• Done during executing,
• Uses measurements gather under Control Quality
• Audits output of quality control,
• Ensures appropriate quality standards are used
• Facilitates the improvement of quality processes
Tools & techniques
• Quality Audits,
• Process analysis
• Affinity diagrams,

26. Perform Quality Assurance – Tools &
Techniques
• Tree Diagrams:
Used for decision analysis
Help organize data,
map relationship ,
Decomposes process/problem
• Process Decision Program Charts
decompose a goal into steps,
Each step reviewed for potential risk

27. Perform Quality Assurance – Tools &
Techniques
• Interrelationship Diagraphs,
• Matrix diagrams,:
used for data analysis,
visual representation of relationship
between two or more sets of items
• Prioritization Matrices:
Focuses on most beneficial solution
to most critical issues
• Network diagrams

28. Perform Quality Assurance –Output
• Change requests,
• Updated standards, processes and quality systems,
• Updated PMP and project docs

29. 1 - Plan Quality Management,
2 – Perform Quality Assurance
3 – Control Quality

30. Control Quality
• Ensure a certain level of quality in a deliverable,
• Major Function: Measure
• Validate if project work and deliverables meet quality
standards,
• Ensures customer satisfaction,
• Involves confirming and documenting the achievement of
agreed-to requirements
• Results in change requests, validated deliverables

31. Control Quality – Answers questions
like…
• Are the results of work meeting standards?
• What is the actual variance from the standard?
• Variance from standards or processes outside acceptable
limits?
• Checklists being followed to meet metrics?
• What changes in the project should be considered?

32. Some Quality control Terms
• Mutual Exclusivity (two things cannot occur in same trial)
• Probability
• Normal Distribution (bell curve used to measure variation)
• Statistical independence,(Probability of one not impacting the
other)
• Standard deviation

33. Control Quality Tools & Techniques
• Seven quality tools,
• Statistical Sampling,
• Inspection (work product, particular activity, final product)
• - reviews,
- peer reviews,
- audits
- walkthroughs

34. Control Quality - Outputs
Outputs include:
• Measurements,
• Validated changes,
• Work performance information,
• Updates to PMP (Quality MP, Process improvement plan),
• Change request (types?)
• Lesson learned,
• Verified deliverables

35. Overall review test

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