El manejo de la calidad del proyecto se centra en asegurar que productos y servicios cumplan con estándares específicos mediante la documentación de requisitos y la implementación de procesos de aseguramiento y control de calidad. El plan de gestión de calidad incluye métodos como el análisis de costo-beneficio y herramientas básicas como diagramas de causa-efecto y gráficos de control. Las actividades de aseguramiento y control de calidad permiten monitorear el desempeño y realizar ajustes necesarios para cumplir con los objetivos del proyecto.

1. Project Quality
Management

2. Introduction
Quality management ensures that an organization, product or service is
consistent. Quality management is focused not only on product and
service quality, but also on the means to achieve it. Quality
management, therefore, uses quality assurance and control of processes
as well as products to achieve more consistent quality.

3. Project Quality Management
Project Quality Management includes the
processes and activities of the performing
organization that determines quality policies,
objectives, and responsibilities so that the
project will satisfy the needs for which it was
undertaken
3

4. Overview of the PQM

5. Plan Quality Management
Process of identifying quality requirements
and standards for the project and its
deliverables and documenting how the
project will demonstrate compliance with
quality requirements.

6. Plan Quality Management
INPUTS
1.Project management
plan
.2 Stakeholder register
.3 Risk register
.4 Requirements
documentation
.5 Enterprise
environmental
factors
.6 Organizational
process
TOOLS &
TECHNIQUES
.1 Cost-benefit analysis
.2 Cost of quality
.3 Seven basic quality
tools
.4 Benchmarking
.5 Design of experiments
.6 Statistical sampling
.7 Additional quality
planning tools
.8 Meetings
OUTPUTS
1 Quality management
plan
.2 Process improvement
plan
.3 Quality metrics
.4 Quality checklists
.5 Project documents
updates

7. Plan Quality
Management: Inputs
7

8.  Project Management Plan
Scope baseline
Schedule baseline
Cost baseline
Other management plans
 Stakeholder Register
 Risk Register
 Requirements Documentation
 Enterprise Environmental Factors
 Organizational Process Assets

9. Plan Quality Management:
Tools and Techniques

10. Cost-Benefit
Analysis10
A cost-benefit analysis for each quality activity
compares the cost of the quality step to the
expected benefit.

11. Cost of Quality (COQ)
11
Cost of
Conformance
Prevention Costs
(Build a quality
product)
• Training
• Document processes
• Equipment
• Time to do it right
Appraisal Costs
(Assess the quality)
• Testing
• Destructive
testing loss
Cost of non-
Conformance
Internal Failure Costs
(Failures found by the
project)
• Rework
• Scrap
External Failure
Costs
(Failures found by the
customer)
• Liabilities• Warranty work
• Lost business

12. Seven Basic Quality
Tools
 Cause-and-effect
diagrams
 Flowcharts
 Checksheets
 Pareto diagrams
 Histograms
 Control charts
 Scatter diagrams
12

13. Cause-and-effect diagrams
13

14. Flow
Charts14

15. Checksheets
15

16. Pareto Diagrams
16

17. Histogram
s17

18. Control
Charts18

19. Scatter Diagrams
19

20. Plan Quality Management: Tools and
Techniques
 Benchmarking
 Design of Experiments
 Statistical Sampling
 Additional Quality Planning Tools
 Brainstorming
 Force field analysis
 Nominal group technique
 Quality management and control tools
 Meetings
20

21. Plan Quality Management:
Outputs
21

22. Quality Management Plan :Outputs
 Quality Management Plan
 The quality management plan is a component of the project
management plan that describes how the organization’s quality
policies will be implemented.
 Process Improvement Plan
 Process boundaries.
 Process configuration.
 Process metrics..
 Targets for improved performance.
22

23. Quality Management Plan :
Outputs
Quality Metrics
 A quality metric specifically describes a project or
product attribute and how the control quality process
will measure it.
Quality Checklists
 A checklist is a structured tool, usually component-
specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has
been performed
Project Documents Updates
 Stakeholder register
 Responsibility assignment matrix
 WBS and WBS Dictionary.

24. Perform
Quality
Assurance

25. Perform Quality
Assurance
INPUTS
1. Quality management
plan
2 Process improvement
plan
3Quality metrics
4Quality control
measurements
5 Project documents
TOOLS &
Techniques
1. Quality
management &
control tools
.2 Quality audits
.3 Process analysis
Quality Assurance (QA) is concerned with establishing, evaluating ,
improving and maintaining the quality of the processes. Once
processes are consistent, QA "assure" thatthe same level of quality
will be incorporated into each product produced by that process by
use of different tools and techniques.
OUTPUTS
.1 Change requests
.2 Project management
plan
updates
.3 Project documents
updates
.4 Organizational process
assets
updates

26. 1. Quality Management and Control Tools
1. Affinity Diagrams
2. Process decision
program charts
(PDPC)
3. Interrelationship digraphs
4. Tree diagrams
5. Prioritization matrices
6. Activity network diagrams
7. Matrix diagrams

27. I. Steps to Create Affinity Diagrams
STEP 1
Write each idea
on a separate
index card
STEP 2
Randomly place
each index cardon
flat surface. Wall
board or flipchart
In silence, team
members move the
cards into
meaningful groups
until the group
stops moving the
cards.
STEP 4
As a team,
discuss and then
label each
category with a
title
STEP 5
As a team, discuss
Each category,
Using cause-and
Effect diagrams, if
needed.
It is an orderly extension of a structured brainstorming session to generate
ideas
STEP 3

28. II. Steps to Create
PDPC
• Develop a tree diagram of the proposed plan
• For each task on the third level, brainstorm what could go wrong
• Review all the potential problems and eliminate any that are insignificant
1
2
3
4
• For each potential problem, brainstorm possible countermeasures
5
• Decide how practical each countermeasure is. Use criteria such as cost, time
required, ease of implementation and effectiveness. Mark impractical
countermeasures with an X and practical ones with an O.
systematically identifies what might go wrong in a plan under development. By
using PDPC, you can either revise the plan to avoid the problems or be ready with
the best response when a problem occurs.

29. III. How to Construct an Interrelationship Digraph
1. Create a
Problem
Statement
2. Brainstorm
Ideas
3. Determine
Relationships
Between
Ideas
4. Analyze
the Diagram
Show cause-and-effect relationships, and help analyze the natural links
between different aspects of a complex situation

30. IV. Tree diagrams and Prioritization Matrices
It is used to figure out all the various tasks that must be undertaken to achieve a
given objective
Delay of Bridge
Construction
Unavailability of
Construction
Material
Scarcity of raw
materials
Shortage of funds
Unfavorable
weather
conditions
Equipment
Problems
Equipment
Damage
Unavailabity of
equipment
1 2 3 4
Prioritization Matrix

31. 1. Quality Management & Control Tools
VI.Activity network diagrams –used with
project scheduling methodologies
 Activity on arrow
 Activity on node
 Can be used for review technique
(PERT), critical path method (CPM) &
precedence diagramming method
(PDM).
VII.Matrix diagrams –used to perform data
analysis within the organizational structure
 show the strength of relationships between
factors, causes, and objectives that exist
between the rows and columns of matrix

32. Perform Quality Assurance: Tools
&
Techniques
2. Quality Audits
 Structured, independent process to determine if project
activities comply with organizational and project policies,
processes, and procedures.
 can confirm the implementation of approved change requests
including updates, corrective actions, defect repairs, and preventive
actions.
3. Process Analysis
 follows the steps outlined in the process improvement plan to
identify needed improvements.
 examines problems experienced, constraints experienced, and non-
value-added activities identified during process operation.

33. Perform Quality Assurance:
Outputs
 Change Requests
 used as input into the Perform Integrated Change Control process
 used to take
 corrective action,
 preventive action,
 to perform defect repair
 Project Management Plan Updates
 Quality management plan
 Scope management plan
 Schedule management plan
 Cost management plan
 Project Documents Updates
 Quality audit reports,
 Training plans
 Process documentation.
 Organizational Process Assets Updates

34. Perform
Quality
Control

35. Control Quality
Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results of
executing the quality activities to assess performance and
recommend necessary changes

36. Perform Quality Control
:Inputs
• The project management plan
contains the quality management
plan, which is used to control quality
Project
management
plan
• A quality metric describes a project or
product attribute and how it will be
measured.
Quality Metrics
• Quality checklists are structured lists
that help to verify that the work of the
project and its deliverables fulfill a set
of requirements.
Quality Checklist

37. Perform Quality Control
:Inputs
• Work performance data is Planned vs.
actual technical performance, actual
schedule performance, and actual cost
performance.
Work performance
data
• As part of the Perform Integrated Change
Control process, a change log update
indicates that some changes are approved
and some are not.
Approved Change
Requests
•A deliverable is any unique and verifiable
product, result, or capability that results in a
validated deliverable required by the project.
Deliverables

38. Perform Quality Control
:Inputs
• Project documents may include
Agreements, Quality audit reports and
change logs , Training plans and
assessments and Process
documentation .
Project
Documents
• The organizational process assets
includes the organization’s quality
standards and policies, guidelines,
reporting procedures and
communication policies.
Organizational
Process
Assets

39. Perform Quality Control:
T&T
Seven Basic Quality Tools
The seven basic quality tools are illustratedearlier.
Statistical Sampling
Samples are selected and tested as defined in
the quality management plan.
Inspection
An inspection is the examination of awork
product to determine if it conforms to
documented standards.
Approved Change Requests Review
All approved change requests should be reviewed to
verify that they were implemented as approved.

40. Perform Quality Control
:Outputs
Quality Control Measurements
Quality control measurements are the documented results of
control quality activities.
Verified Deliverables
A goal of the Control Quality process is to determine the
correctness of deliverables.
Work Performance Information
Work performance information is the performance data
collected
Validated Changes
Any changed or repaired items are inspected and will be either
accepted or rejected before notification of the decision is provided.

41. Perform Quality Control
:Outputs
Change Requests
If the recommended corrective or preventive actions or a defect
repair requires a change to the project management plan, a
change request should be initiated.
Project Management Plan Updates
Elements of the project management plan that may be
updated include Quality management plan , and Process
improvement plan
Project Documents Updates
Project documents is being updated
Organizational Process Assets Updates
Elements of the organizational process assets that may be
updated include Completed checklists and Lessons learned
documentation

42. References
 http://asq.org/learn-about-quality/new-management-
planning-tools/overview/process-decision-program-
chart.html
 http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/opi/qi/toolbox/interrelatio
nshipdigraph.html
 http://asq.org/learn-about-quality/new-management-
planning-tools/overview/tree-diagram.html