There are four main types of plant layouts: product or line layout, process layout, fixed position layout, and combined or group layout. Product layout is used for mass production of a single product and requires less space but machines cannot be fully utilized. Process layout assigns each department a process and arranges machines by function, allowing specialization but requiring more floor space. Fixed position layout keeps machinery stationary and minimizes movement but needs highly skilled workers. Combined layout mixes elements of the other three to suit different industry needs, such as separate manufacturing and assembly areas.

1. Types of plant layout

2. There are 4 main types of plant layout :
 Product or line layout
 Process layout
 Fixed position layout
 Combined or group layout

3. 1. Product or line layout:
 Popular in mass production.
 Only one product or one type of product is produced I n an
operating area.
 Less space is needed for placing machines.
 There is less work in progress .
Disadvantages
 All machines cannot be used to their full capacities.
 Manufacturing cost rises with the fall in volume of production.

4. 2. Process layout:
 Each department or section is responsible for carrying out a
particular process .
 Machines are generally arranged on functional basis.
 Similar jobs are done on similar machines.
 Helps in raising level of performance of each worker.
Disadvantages
 Generally more floor area is required.
 Handling and backtracking of materials is too much.

5. 3. Fixed position layout :
 Used in manufacturing huge aircrafts , ship vessels etc.
 Capital investment is minimum.
 Less material movement .
 Continuity of operations is ensured .
Disadvantages
 Highly skilled workers are required .
 Machines and tools take more time to reach the workplace.

6. 4. Combined or group layout :
 IN this type of layout combination of any three methods (
discussed above) is formed according to the requirement of an
industry.
 In factories , where products are first manufactured and then
assembled ,this type of layout is mostly used.

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