This document summarizes a case study on planning and scheduling two construction blocks of a government housing project in Bhopal, India using Primavera P6 software. The study compares Block A and Block B to identify reasons for delays. Primavera P6 was used to develop schedules, assign resources, and conduct financial risk analysis. Key planning methods discussed include Gantt charts, network scheduling, and work breakdown structures. Scheduling and resource allocation steps are outlined. The case study aims to demonstrate the benefits of using project management software for planning, monitoring, and controlling large infrastructure projects.
Installation of primavera (optional)
Open primavera
Create EPS
Create your own project with minimum 30 activities(Live projects are preferable)
Data entry
Inserting activities
Assigning relationship
Activates codes
Basic formatting of Bars(Bar style, Bar label)
Inserting and modifying columns
Group by and short by
User defined filed
Interfering floats
Make 2 more of your self
Filters
New filters
Modify filters
Cases of Constraints
Case of difference between total float and free float
calendar
Import & Export
Live project Information
Filters ( 1-line, 2-line, 3-line Filters)
RESOURCE ASSIGNING AND LEVELLING
Resource Levelling
RESOURCE LOADING (Bell type, front loaded, back loaded, linear etc.)
EARNED VALUE ANALYSIS
Cost Account
Expenses
Reports
Role
User Defined fields
Admin Preferences
Renumbering Activities
Project Portfolio
Edit Columns
Save layout
Working with multiple projects
Activity Steps
Global change
Multiple Projects
USING WORK PRODUCTS AND DOCUMENTS
UPDATING PROJECT BY "AUTO ACTUALS" METHOD
UPDATING, SCHEDULING PROJECT - WITH SPOTLIGHT FEATURE
ASSIGN BASELINE
MAINTAIN BASELINE
PROJECT CODES
The document has been developed keeping in mind the common challenges that a planner may face while
developing a schedule. I have also tried to cover in areas which is required for effective earned value
calculation. The document is been prepared considering that the reader has a basic understanding of Primavera P6.
Dealing With A Schedule That Cannot Be Approved - AACE 2012 MeetingChris Carson
Ideally all projects would have schedules submitted and approved, but sometimes the quality of the schedule prevents approval. This presentation suggests ways to deal with this situation, as well as ways to encourage approvable schedules.
Installation of primavera (optional)
Open primavera
Create EPS
Create your own project with minimum 30 activities(Live projects are preferable)
Data entry
Inserting activities
Assigning relationship
Activates codes
Basic formatting of Bars(Bar style, Bar label)
Inserting and modifying columns
Group by and short by
User defined filed
Interfering floats
Make 2 more of your self
Filters
New filters
Modify filters
Cases of Constraints
Case of difference between total float and free float
calendar
Import & Export
Live project Information
Filters ( 1-line, 2-line, 3-line Filters)
RESOURCE ASSIGNING AND LEVELLING
Resource Levelling
RESOURCE LOADING (Bell type, front loaded, back loaded, linear etc.)
EARNED VALUE ANALYSIS
Cost Account
Expenses
Reports
Role
User Defined fields
Admin Preferences
Renumbering Activities
Project Portfolio
Edit Columns
Save layout
Working with multiple projects
Activity Steps
Global change
Multiple Projects
USING WORK PRODUCTS AND DOCUMENTS
UPDATING PROJECT BY "AUTO ACTUALS" METHOD
UPDATING, SCHEDULING PROJECT - WITH SPOTLIGHT FEATURE
ASSIGN BASELINE
MAINTAIN BASELINE
PROJECT CODES
The document has been developed keeping in mind the common challenges that a planner may face while
developing a schedule. I have also tried to cover in areas which is required for effective earned value
calculation. The document is been prepared considering that the reader has a basic understanding of Primavera P6.
Dealing With A Schedule That Cannot Be Approved - AACE 2012 MeetingChris Carson
Ideally all projects would have schedules submitted and approved, but sometimes the quality of the schedule prevents approval. This presentation suggests ways to deal with this situation, as well as ways to encourage approvable schedules.
Scheduling by using microsoft project 2013Chetanraj M
Scheduling and optimising all the activities/tasks in selected building construction project with using resources and levelling of over allocation by using microsoft project 2013, which helps to target the finishing date of project within time and also within cost
إدارة التخطيط والبرامج الزمنية
فيديو المحاضرة: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiGNZeLQ9Po
Content:
1- Planning and scheduling
2- Time schedule development
3- Resource and cost loading
4- Time schedule submittal
5- Review and approval
6- Update and reporting
7- Delay quantification approaches
8- Mitigation and action plans
Planning and Project Controls under NEC4 – the choice isn’t yours! by "Glenn ...Project Controls Expo
Planning and Project Controls under NEC4 – the choice isn’t yours! by Glenn Hide - Director for GMH Planning Ltd, UK
Hezron Ricketts - Senior Manager, Senior Counsel to the Board for Th3rd Curve, UK at at Project Controls Expo 2017, Arsenal Stadium, London
McLachlan Lister provides a range of management consulting and project management services. These are offered either discretely or as an integrated service - you control the depth of our relationship:
Promo_Epc project rule of credit and progress measurement ignitetribes
Project progress monitoring and control is one of the most important tasks of construction project management. Many times planner or project manager not able.The hardest part of project controls is accurate performance measurement of work accomplished.
Taking time out to establish repeatable rules of credit can literally remove 75% of the performance measurement "guessing game" out of the equation.
In this book we don't just explain on what is rule of credit but we also provide tonnes of examples on how to establish the weighted milestone. It's a ready to be plug and plan in your project control measurement.
Log in to ignitetribes.com to purchase the book.
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construct...Shrikant Kate
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construction Management _ Final Year (BE) _ Department of Civil Engineering _ TAE _ SPPU _ by Shrikant R. Kate
Construction scheduling, work study and work measurement Construction scheduling.
Construction project scheduling – purpose, factors affecting scheduling, time as a control tool
Work Breakdown Structure, project work breakdown levels, line of balance technique
Repetitive project management Work study and work measurement
Definition, objectives, basic procedure of work study, symbols, activity charts, string diagrams, time and motion studies.
Scheduling by using microsoft project 2013Chetanraj M
Scheduling and optimising all the activities/tasks in selected building construction project with using resources and levelling of over allocation by using microsoft project 2013, which helps to target the finishing date of project within time and also within cost
إدارة التخطيط والبرامج الزمنية
فيديو المحاضرة: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiGNZeLQ9Po
Content:
1- Planning and scheduling
2- Time schedule development
3- Resource and cost loading
4- Time schedule submittal
5- Review and approval
6- Update and reporting
7- Delay quantification approaches
8- Mitigation and action plans
Planning and Project Controls under NEC4 – the choice isn’t yours! by "Glenn ...Project Controls Expo
Planning and Project Controls under NEC4 – the choice isn’t yours! by Glenn Hide - Director for GMH Planning Ltd, UK
Hezron Ricketts - Senior Manager, Senior Counsel to the Board for Th3rd Curve, UK at at Project Controls Expo 2017, Arsenal Stadium, London
McLachlan Lister provides a range of management consulting and project management services. These are offered either discretely or as an integrated service - you control the depth of our relationship:
Promo_Epc project rule of credit and progress measurement ignitetribes
Project progress monitoring and control is one of the most important tasks of construction project management. Many times planner or project manager not able.The hardest part of project controls is accurate performance measurement of work accomplished.
Taking time out to establish repeatable rules of credit can literally remove 75% of the performance measurement "guessing game" out of the equation.
In this book we don't just explain on what is rule of credit but we also provide tonnes of examples on how to establish the weighted milestone. It's a ready to be plug and plan in your project control measurement.
Log in to ignitetribes.com to purchase the book.
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construct...Shrikant Kate
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construction Management _ Final Year (BE) _ Department of Civil Engineering _ TAE _ SPPU _ by Shrikant R. Kate
Construction scheduling, work study and work measurement Construction scheduling.
Construction project scheduling – purpose, factors affecting scheduling, time as a control tool
Work Breakdown Structure, project work breakdown levels, line of balance technique
Repetitive project management Work study and work measurement
Definition, objectives, basic procedure of work study, symbols, activity charts, string diagrams, time and motion studies.
Large Planning is a general term that sets a clear road map that should be followed to reach a destination. The term, therefore, has been used at different levels to mean different things. Planning involves the breakdown of the project into definable, measurable, and identifiable tasks activities, and then establishes the logical interdependences among them. These plans involve four main steps Performing breakdown of work items involved in the project into activities. Identifying the proper sequence by which the activities should be executed. Activities representation. Estimating the resources, time, and cost of individual activities. Planning requires a rigorous effort by the planning team. A planner should know the different categories of work and be familiar with the terminology and knowledge used in general practice. Also, the planning tem should seek the opinion of experts including actual construction experience. This helps produce a realistic plan and avoids problems later on site. P. B. Sudha | Dr. K. Vidhya "Project Planning & Scheduling" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31775.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/31775/project-planning-and-scheduling/p-b-sudha
Planning, Scheduling and Allocation of Resources for Multi storeyed Structure...ijtsrd
Any development undertaking regardless beginnings with the Layout of the structure or construction followed by Design and Analysis of the construction which is prevailing by cost assessment and making arrangements for the said project. This undertaking includes the format, plan, examination, arranging and cost assessment of a G 4 private structure situated in BicholiMardana, Indore. Primavera P6 has been utilized for arranging the different exercises that encompass the development of a structure. Utilizing primavera we had the option to detail a functioning timetable and furthermore an advancement bar for steady checking of the venture. Utilizing primavera we had the option to allot different assets just as obligations on different individuals identified with the different phases of the venture there by expanding responsibility. The term of the venture utilizing primavera has been determined to be around 374 days which likewise incorporates occasions. The advancement and the connection between different exercises has likewise been appeared as an enlivened Gantt Chart. This graph likewise helps the Project supervisor to disclose to his customers the different perspectives just as progress of the undertaking. The quote for the venture has been determined utilizing Center Line Method in Microsoft Excel. For the Abstract expense CPWD Schedule of rates has been followed and an absolute expense of Rs 5,733,000 has been determined. Nitin Mukesh Bhalla | Mr. Ravindra Raj "Planning, Scheduling and Allocation of Resources for Multi-storeyed Structure using Primevera Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42599.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/42599/planning-scheduling-and-allocation-of-resources-for-multistoreyed-structure-using-primevera-software/nitin-mukesh-bhalla
Efficient Planning Scheduling and Delay Analysis of Residential ProjectIJERA Editor
Planning and scheduling have become an essential part of any project for the timely and economical completion of the project. A proper construction schedule can be used for different purposes. By using construction schedule to predict project completion, contractors can adjust crew size, shifts or equipment to speed or slow the progress. All the construction projects will vary from each other in size. All the projects have time constraint. Delay in completion of project will increase the overall cost of the project. Small projects can be managed efficiently manually; whereas large projects are not so large projects can be better handled by the use of computers. Many types of software are available with the help of which project management can be done easily. Large quantities of different kinds of resources are also required for execution and the risk is more in the case of projects. So planning and scheduling of activities for construction of big projects is essential. In this study, an effort is made in planning, scheduling and delay analysis updating of various activities, which is done by using MS Project and MS Excel software, manpower of each activity is determined and allocation is done using the software. Labor requirement for each activity is calculated from standards obtained from site. An updated schedule, which helps to finish the project well in time with optimum resources and update helps in delay analysis, is under the scope of this study.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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optimal and thus the management of finances and
manpower can be done correctly. Primavera P6softwareisa
perfect and efficient tool for project management and for
monitoring and control of various construction projects.
AkashRajkumarWadhwa [3] The principle of the project
resource allocation research used in the presentprojectisto
optimize, condense, or avoid waste of all project materials.
Resource allocation and optimization were done using
project organization softwaresimilartospringp-6.Resource
allocation can be optimized without changing the project
period. Resource allocation as an optimization can be done
for all other resources used in the construction project and
can reduce project costs. Overcrowded resources are
reduced through activities.
Akshay R. Kohli et.al [4] the research paperaimedtoidentify
the most relevant articles with the causes and effects of
delays and to develop the DEC database for future critical
analysis. The content of the DEC dataset was systematically
analyzed using bibliographic, cluster and thematic analyzes.
This article presented the DEC literature, including key
findings delayed over the years. This study carefully
conducted a systematic content analysis that led to four
major overlooked factors and areas of deficiencythatshould
be addressed in future studies.
III. Objectives
To develop scheduling and planningusingPrimavera P6
V8.3 for Structure prepared undergovernment program
“AwasYojna”.
To prepare construction sequence and comparative
analysis in between two structure blocks and
identification of reasons in delay.
To conduct Financial Risk analysis using Gantt chart in
Primavera P6.
To assign proper sequence and links between different
activities for early finish.
3.1. Project case Study
Pradhan MantriAwasYojana (Urban) The mission was sent
on June 25, 2015 and expects everyone in the metropolitan
areas to be accommodated at all times. 2022. Under the
PMAY (U) rules, the size of an economically weak zone
(EWS) house can be up to 30 m². Regardless of the area of
coverage, States / UT have the ability to increase the size of
the homes in question and department approval.
The two blocks, block A and block B of Pradhan
MantriAwasYojna Madhya Pradesh in New Market, Bhopal
were studied. The state government bears all the costs of
purchasing, restoring and redeveloping the land.
Government banks and private banks are in charge of
financing the project.
The following sub work breakdown Structure (W.B.S) were
taken.
WBS is a grouping of different elements of the project with
concerned to specific project and it organizes or impinges to
determine the overall intent of the project.
1. Survey and Site Investigation.
2. Substructure.
3. Super Structure.
4. Finishing Work
Fig 3.1 Hierarchal Structure of Construction Project
Team
3.2. Project Details
Fig 3.2: Site Picture of Block A
Fig 3.3: Site Picture of Block B
Table 3.1 Project Details
Name of Work
Pradhan MantriAwasYogna
Bhopal, New Market
Name of Agency
Nirvana Consultants &
Engineers
Amount of Contract 441 Cr.
Date of Start 2017
Tentative Date of
Competition
2023
3.3. Methods of Project Planning
3.3.1. Gantt chart:
The strategy was developed by Henry Gantt and Fredric
Tailor and can be recognized as a logical business
organization technique. The policy uses flat bars that
indicate how long it takes to set up a provisioning service,
and task names are grouped vertically into isolatedsections.
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Each pole is placed in front of each company and the graph
shows the start date, the duration of the exhibition time and
the end date of the races.
Advantages of positioning Gantt charts: - For the most part,
Gantt charts are widely accepted and ubiquitousduetotheir
simplicity and ease of layout and understanding.Convoluted
assumptions or estimates are included. Anyone can get it.
Gantt charts are primarily aimed at people who don't have a
particular foundation. For example, some clients and senior
managers may understand better how to manage a
development project by looking at a bar chart rather than
looking at a rational organizational diagram.TheCPM(Basic
Way Technique) approach and the development of
revolutionary PCs, Ganttcharts,havenotdiedorbecomeless
important. When everything wasthesame,theyevolvedinto
alternative support work that made them more meaningful
and better known.
Fig 3.4 Gantt Chart
3.3.2. Network scheduling method:
One of the mostimportantorganizational planningstrategies
used in development is CPM (Basic Way Technician). This
technique involves the use of a mathematical representation
of the flowing outline which represents theprioritybetween
exercises. Central strategy (CPM) is a time-based process
where the primary data sources are businesses, their
duration, and relationships of trust. Movement terms are
elements of resources that are required (and not accessible)
to perform an action. The CPM plan accepts that resources
are unlimited. The use of organizational methods and CPM
by development organizations has reached a steady level
since the energy blast ofthe mid-1960s.Softwaredevelopers
eliminate the need to create an organization. However, the
organizational documentation provides a simple design of
the revenue collected for the internship.
Points of interest of Network Scheduling Method:- When
contrasting bar graphs and organizations, threepreferences
over bar diagrams.
Network show logic, the relationships among the
activities. Bar charts do not
Networks can better represent large and complicated
projects.
Networks can estimate, or predict, the completion date
of the project, or other dates, on the basis of
mathematical calculations of the CPM
Limitation of Network Scheduling Method: -
Unlike bar charts, the network schedule is not scaled over
time. Specialists should be preparedtounderstandCPM. The
introduction of CPM is not as satisfying for peopleinthefield
as a bar chart. Also, item data cannot be stacked in the CPM.
Some scheduling vendors have tried to take advantage of a
time component of the bar chart and force it into the
organization, what some people have called timed rational
drafts. On the other hand, there is evidence that temporary
workers in highly redundant locations do not use networks
because they believe that a high supply would reduce the
chances of successful network planning and monitoring.
For example, organizational technology shows subtleties in
companies of a redundant nature, for example, in the
development of high structures. CPM-based practices have
been widely condemned in writing for not showing
sustained activity. The main problem is the size of the
organization. In a monotonous company with n units, the
organization set up for one unit must be renewed n times
and linked to the others. The result is a colossal organization
that is difficult to control. This can cause correspondence
problems between people due to the evolution of the
management team.
The problem below is that the CPM calculation is
fundamentally designed to rationalizethe risk margin rather
than to manage the extraordinaryneedsofredundantassets.
The CPM calculation lacks the ability to ensure a smooth
parade of teams from unit to unit with no hassle and no
downtime for workers and equipment. This creates
employment and acquisition problems in the advancement
of work and materials during development.
Another configuration was created for boring jobs, eg. B. for
chipping floors in an overhead structural task orforwork on
areas of the underground pipeline or in the utility company.
When pipelines or service lines emerged,theuseofessential
CPMs was relentless. The contributiontothemanagement of
an average area was twofold andmonotonous.Furthermore,
when the schedule reached the average surface, it was
possible to anticipate a result by juggling essential numbers
without using a personal computer. This recommendedthat
there are other methods of presenting the result besides
network distribution. This recognition has led to the
development of some strategies to be used in direct and
obscure activities. The Balance Line (LOB) policy uses a
federated organization.
3.3.3. SCHEDULING:
In venture the board, a timetable is a posting of task
achievements, exercises and expectations, for the most part
with planned beginning and finish dates. A timetable is
usually utilized in the undertaking arranging and venture
portfolio the board portions of the task the executives.
Components of timetable intently identify with work
breakdown structure (WBS), exercises,schedule,andlength.
3.3.4. RESOURCES:
Required assets are those gear and gadgets required for
achieving a specific errand. No assignment or action is
performed without HR, hardware, equipment's, materials
and utilizing different assets. Undertakings required assets
of a venture are characterized into three gatherings. One of
the groupings by which assets are separated into these
classes: inexhaustible assets, non-sustainable assets and
assets with double imperatives. Alongside, semi sustainable
assets were likewise proposed. Execution of each
undertaking requires the assignment of required assets. If
accessible assets are in levels that cause nopostponement in
the usage of those assignments which are to be cultivated in
a concurrent way utilizing exceptional assets, at that point
no change happens in venture timing. However, the
circumstance isn't generally similar to this. Henceforth, the
way and season of asset designation become significant.
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Steps involves in Scheduling and Resources allocation tothe
station work.
1. Creating an ideal schedule
To create an ideal schedule for any project, first step is to
collect data available for the project.
Subsequently the following steps can be followed in
Primavera.
2. Enterprise Project Structure (EPS)
Create the structure of a company with its brancheswhich is
executing the project. This is known as Enterprise Project
Structure
3. Organizational breakdown structure (OBS)
After the EPS, OBS is created which is hierarchy that reflects
the persons responsible for the project in the enterprise.
4. Calendar
The work is carried out in 6 days per week.Sothestandard6
day workweek calendar is made with necessary holidays in
it. A break of one hour is given in the afternoon.
5. Create a new project
A project is a set of activates and associated informationthat
constitutes a plan for creating a product or service. The
project is created under the respective division in the EPS
and assigned in the person charged form OBS to it. The
project can be given planned start and must finishdates.The
project is assigned a calendar which can be global, resource
or project calendar.
6. Work breakdown structure (WBS)
WBS is a hierarchy of work that must be accomplished to
complete the project. Each project has its own hierarchy
with top level WBS element begin equal to that EPS nodesor
project. Each WBS element may contain more detailed WBS
levels, activities, or both.
7. Define activities
Activities are the fundamental work elements of a project
and form and from the lowest level of a WBS and, are the
smallest subdivision of a project. An activity has the
following characteristics like Activity ID, name, start and
finish dates, activity calendar, activity type, activity codes,
constrains, expense, successor and predecessor
relationships, resources, roles etc.
8. Relationship between activities
To form a network the activities shouldbeconnectedtoeach
other, which is done by assigning preceding and succeeding
activities with significant relation to the activities.
Finish to start (FS) relationship.
Finish to finish (FF) relationship.
Start to start (SS) relationship.
Start to finish (SF) relationship.
9. Determining activity duration
When planning the work, the duration is entered in the
original duration field. The actual duration can only be
entered for the activities, which are completed.
10. Activity dates.
The following are the types of activity dates available in the
primavera; actual start, actual finish, planned start, planned
finish.
11. Activity cost.
The activity cost is the sum of all the cost incurred to
complete the activity.
12. Creating baselines
A simple baseline plan is a complete copy of the original
schedule which provides a target against which a project’s
performance is tracked.
13. Updating schedule
If the project is progressing exactly as planned, then
only needed to estimate progress.
If the project is not progressing as planned many
activities are starting out-of-sequence, actual resource
use is exceeding planned use, and thenupdateshouldbe
done for activities and resources individually.
Most projects contain some activities that progress as
planned and some which do not. In this case, the best
method is to combine the two updating methods.
14. Tracking
Taking window is used for monitoring a project’s progress
using different types of layouts such as labour costs, project
cost, resource forecasting, resource allocation unit wise and
cost wise.
15. Earned value
Earned value is a technique for measuring project
performance according to both project cost and schedule.
The technique compares the budgeted cost of the work to
the actual cost.
16. Claim digger
The claim digger is a schedule analysis tool that enables a
company to generate a report that compares selected data
fields in a revised project and a corresponding baseline.
17. Project thresholds
Project thresholds consist of parameters assigned to WBS
elements; they are used to monitor projects and generate
issues
18. Project issues
Project issues are the problems within a schedule that must
be addressed before the project can be completed. They can
either be created by thresholds or manually.
IV. METHODOLOGY
4.1.1. Background
The Pradhan MantriAwasYojna (Urban) situated in Bhopal
Madhya Pradesh is considered in this research. In this
project, preparation of scheduling and planning of the two
different blocks in the defined project destination are
considered in Bhopal and comparing it with present
scheduling which is working on the site.
4.1.2. Project Data Analysis
This undertaking was planned on 2016. Work week from
Monday shall be utilized and units shall be arranged in days.
The activities, ID and duration was entered. The aggregate
number of exercises of the task is 41.
4.1.3. Project Planning and Scheduling
As soon as we create organization, the activity subtle
elements are acquired in the bar graph. The equivalent is
further visible in PERT view. The perspective demonstrates
the action subtle elements whichincorporatesactivityname,
term, managing start and completion date and detailing
information segment territory. After recording the initial
activities with their start and end dates, one can monitor
them throughout the projectinthedata portionofprimavera
screen.
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Step 1: Selection of Ongoing task, for the undertaken
project, considering running venture named
“Pradhan MantriAwasYojna”. Monitoring of the
project is running by Nirvana Consultants &
Engineers.
Step 2: Obtain point by point illustrations and rates which
is fundamental for further analysis.
Step 3: With the assistance of task supervisor andsitebuild
set up the venture planning utilizing administration
device Primavera P6 V 8.3.
Step 4: Detailed examination is done on asset task and
levelling utilizing Primavera P6.
Step 5: Assigning Supervisor to every activity, to provide
and update the running status of the work on day to
day basis according to business sector rates.
Step 6: Preparing Gantt chart graph and system models.
Step 7: Prepare planning according to current side
conditions.
Step 8: Comparing both planning and scheduling to
counteract flaws.
4.2. Project Scheduling
For task Planning, separated the undertaking in various
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to appoint labor and
length of every activity. The work breakdown structure is
depicted beneath:
Survey and Preconstruction work which contains every one
of the activities and questions be assembled or taken to the
site territory. Like temporary structures namely site office,
testing laboratory, Store room, Inventory Room and others
are to be provided to begin working at the site. Such
exercises are important to begin another task to oversee the
working on site easily.
Step 1- To create enterprise project of a company to execute
company profile.
In this step, creation of the company profile with division in
which company operates was prepared. These divisions
were further subdivided into streams such as Structure
Urban and Structure Rural.
Fig 4.1 Project Structure
Step 2- Assigning roles and organization structure
constituting of company management and responsible
managers profile.
The job roles are assigned one the expertise of the employee
and the task are assigned as per theirqualificationsandtheir
experience in the similar tasks as efficient resources are
responsible for completion of any project in right intervals
and are important for development ventures.
Fig 4.2 Assigning Job Roles
Step 3- Creating working calendar as per working hoursand
shifts to be assigned in project:
Before the start of project, the activity list is entered and the
calendar are characterized and utilized to display the
working time for every action in the task. Calendars are
additionally used to characterize the working and
occurrence design over the length of the task. These are
three unique kinds of schedules namely Global, Venture and
customized. The working shift is considered as 8 hours and
six days working. The point to point working hours are from
08:00 AM to 05:00 PM. Meal break is of an hour from 12:00
PM to 01:00 PM.
Fig: 4.3 Global Calendar
Step 4- Preparing Work Breakdown Structure
A WBS is the progression of work used to achievetheproject
to finish a task. WBS is organized in levels work point by
point starting with final task andlatterformationofdifferent
forms into identifiable work components. WBS is based on
the individual sub venture and the undertaken WBS is
figured beneath:
Fig 4.4 WBS Structure
Step 5- Assigning activities of each WBS as per scheduling
data with links in between activities using Gantt chart.
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Critical advance in the undertaking arranging is to
distinguish the activities to finish the task and furthermore
anticipate or valuate the number of days required in
completion of the project. The term of exercises is evaluated
based on meetings, research, estimation and strategies of
costing. These lengths are relegated in every activity. As the
undertaking is of tedious kind, in order to identify the
approach connected by utilizing CPM as PP apparatus.
Fig 4.5 Activity Details for Block A
Fig 4.6 Activity Details for Block B
Step 6- Creating Resources (Manpower, Machinery and
Material) The assets are prepared using big business asset,
where an option is received get the choice of including new
assets. Cost of assets relies on its unit as cost of work is on
daily wages, material relies on their weight and machinery
relies on its working hours along with its maintainance.
Fig 4.7 Resource Analysis
Step 7- Assigning Resources in each activity as per IS. 7272
IS 7272 provide inexact necessity of labour according to the
assigned activity. It provides consistent to working labour
according to sort of work, this code depends on the
prerequisite of work for exercises relying on the jobs
required for usage.
Step 8- Comparison of scheduling proposed as per site
scheduling using Primavera P6.
Primavera provides another instrument to correlation of
standard versus current advancement of the task knows as
Project Scheduling. It furnish with legitimate booking and
checking of every last exercises managing and investigating
different parameters.
4.3. Project Tracking, Monitoring and Controlling
4.3.1. Creating Target Projects
Our baseline is an entire duplicate venture plan that can be
utilised to contrast with the present calendar to access
advance. And before refreshing the calendar out of the blue
dependable benchmark, the baselineisplaceasa benchmark
for considering the deadlines, assets and expenses to those
for the present calendar.
4.3.2. Updating the Current Projects
Prerecorded in advancement of information is recorded
whenever project management to record advances on the
present information date. It reconsiders a timetable
dependent on the appropriate Date difference and different
changes are simply recorded. There are a very few different
ways to replace the timetable which includes exercises and
assets which can be refreshed separatelyandcanlikewisebe
utilized. This will enable to conjecture the impact of
unexpected conditions so as to create the most suitable
restoratives milestone.
4.3.3. Tracking of the Project
Undertaking administration following the manner in which
effective task general managersmanagingdirectorandother
ventures are considered. This islikewisewheretheyprovide
details regarding how the real outcomes contrast with the
first arrangement.Task administrationfollowinga certificate
not in mechanical information dump where one can simply
recount information. The task administration following
procedure frequently decides your validity as a venture
director. One should stay ready with planned remedial
activities intended to settle the fluctuations to the task
arrangement and calendar. Introducing those alternators
will console the officials and investors responsible for the
venture.
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Fig 4.8 Tracking of Project
4.3.4. Project Planning
Arrangements can becharacterisedasillustrationofstrategy
or planning of activity continued making out creatingbefore
the beginning of project. This is the procedure to consider
various options and techniques which can readily be used to
accomplish the task. Arrangement makes a deliberate
succession of occasions, characters characterize the
standards to be followed in conveying forward the
arrangements and portray a definitive manner of the
outcome. It serves the supervisorbyindicatingoutthethings
which needs to be done, the schedule to be followed and to
the extent which activity needs to be undertaken and assign
the appropriate supervisor.
The objective of the arrangement is to limit asset
consumption while acceptably finishing a given task.
Arrangement task for creatinga proficientutilizationofgear,
material and work and guaranteeing facilitated exertion.
Successful venture administration requires persistent
checking of assignment achievement advances. An
experiment of analytical advancement to planned tasks
enables the director to recognize issues early and licenses
improvement of changed plans to carry the best possible
course towards the target. In this manner, development of
arrangements is done in the initial step of the venture
administration.
4.4. Types of Plans
4.4.1. Time Plan
The time is quintessence of all the development task, and
contracts frequently have provisions delineating honors for
completion of any task as per the time table date. In the
event that development of a venture is to continue
effectively on the pre-defined rates, it is important to know
precisely in advance the sorts and amount of differentassets
that will be required and on the correct dates on which they
shall be required. An examination of the data received from
the basic way study empower the task organizer to know
ahead of time what assets shall be requiredandfurthermore
the correct dates on which the activities shall be discharged
to be used in the venture. Such arrangements permits the
appropriate utilization of all the available resources being
equal and the fulfillment of the undertaking in the endorsed
foreordain way.
4.4.2. Manpower Plan:
Manpower arranging is a significant part of any association,
yet it is especially troublesome in an action which is liableto
the same number of factors as thruwaydevelopment.Acycle
utilized in one District of the Washington State Department
of Transportation is illustrated. It incorporatesa fewchoices
utilized by the District to level occasional varieties inlabour.
An overall technique to decide the correct degree of lasting
representatives to fit a few situations of conceivable
financing, plan delays, and so on, is recommended.
4.4.3. Material Plan:
Effectively planning for materials that will be used on a
construction site can tend to pose challenges at times.
Compressed or changing schedules, lead time variation and
availability of materials, poor communication, and even the
weather can create disorder getting needed materials to a
job site when required. However, when a well thought out
plan is put into place before the job starts, dealing withthese
challenges becomes much easier to coordinate. When
beginning material planning, onemustfirstunderstandwhat
the desired end state looks like and when one need to have
the job completed, then one can effectively plan for when
materials will need to be delivered. Then by working with
vendors, to ensure that lead times can be considered, those
items not kept in stock at local distributors or manufacturer
facilities, can be accounted for. An effective plan should
identify what material is needed, when it is needed,
and where it should be delivered.
4.4.4. Construction Equipment Planning:
Equipment plays an important role in today’s infrastructure
projects as they are more demanding and highway projects
are need to be completed in stipulated time with best
quality. Proper selection and planning of equipment is very
important for timely completion of project, withinplantcost
and for increasing profit, margin. Selection and planning
needs to exercise very seriously as it isoneofthefactorsthat
affect the progress of work. Planning of equipment depends
upon nature and quality of work and time available for
completion. Planning of equipment needs to be done by a
well experienced person, who has got good exposure of
execution of work and who knows the factors that affect the
output of equipment. Selection is a process in which the
equipment that is most suitable for a particular job is found
out. And decision is made regarding the make of the
equipment to be procured.
4.4.5. Finance Plan:
Financial Planning is the way toward assessing the capital
required and deciding its opposition. It is the way toward
outlining budgetary arrangements about acquisition,
speculation and organization of assets of a venture. Money
related arranging intends to set upa monetaryarrangement.
A money related arrangement is likewise called a capital
arrangement. A budgetary arrangement is a gauge of the all-
out capital necessities of the organization. It chooses the
most affordable wellsprings of account. It additionally
discloses to us how to utilize this money beneficially. A
money related arrangement givesa completeimageofthings
to come budgetary exercises of the organization. A cost
arrangement decides the monetary possibility of activity.
This is finished by setting the lifecycle financial plans and
cost controls to deal with the conveyance and nature of the
activity's results over a set time span. In the development
business, a cost arrangement is utilized as a method of
controlling the assessed costs during the plan and
development periods of a venture. That implies that cost
plans are living ancient rarities, much the same as a task the
board plans. They should be overseen all through the
lifecycle of any activity in any industry. The craftsmanship,
or beside the science, of where cost assessment moves into
cost arranging, depends on sound business standards. It
requires the correct demonstrating instruments and a
decent portion of involvement.
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Fig 4.9 Financial Planning
Table 4.1 Project Classification
S.
no
Project
Classification
Basis
Classification Breakdown
1
Nature of the
Construction
Facility
Residential Construction,
Commercial Construction,
Industrial Construction,
Heavy/ Highway Construction
2 Nature of Work
Repetitive work or Non
Repetitive Work
3
Mode of
Execution
Department or Contractual
4
Name of
Construction
Contract
Cost plus, Item rate, Lump-
sum, BOT
5
Completion
Time
Long Duration Program (over
5 years), Medium Duration
Project (3.5 years), Normal
Duration Project (1-3 years),
Special Short -term Projects
(less than 1 year)
6 Budgeted Cost
Mega value Program (over Rs.
1000 crores), Large Value
Project (Rs. 100 crores to Rs.
1000 Crores), Medium Value
Project (Rs. 20 crores to Rs.
100 crores), Small Value
Projects (less than 20 crores)
7 Maturity Level
Highly aimed project,
Moderately Project, Low
mature Project and Poor
Maturity Project
8
Need based
Project
Public needs project,
Corporate needs project,
commercial projects and re-
engineered projects
Broadly dependent upon nature of construction facility, the
major construction projects are grouped into residential
construction, commercial construction and industrial
construction.
4.5. Project Maturity Level:
The areas of project managementconfirmthattheassurance
of high level of project management maturity conditions the
achievement of project's success. The higher level of
maturity means the greater degree of capability tomanage a
construction project. Contingent on development level, the
activities can be comprehensively arranged into the
accompanying four classification:
Highly developed activities these have obviously
characterized prerequisites and the settled
achievements strategies and procedures, which can be
characterized subjectively and quantitatively as far as
outline, particular, BOQ and arranged advancement.
Moderately developed tasks have obviously
characterized prerequisites however conveyance
process isn’t clear.
Low development ventures have cleat necessities yet
conveyance process is obscure.
Poor development ventures these have badly
characterized items and hazy conveyance process.
Fig 4.10 Project maturity Level
4.5.1. Construction Project Development Phases
The project management planning investment starts with
plausibility examination and it is trailed by choice of
proceedings. It is accomplished with prudential units
prepared to play from its composed capacity. The period
begins and fulfillment of the office is called Construction
Project Development Cycle.
A conventional development ventureadvancementcyclecan
be partitioned into the most part consecutive stages
controlled on baselines ofthetask.Thesestagesareplanning
examination, arrangement and obtainment, usage and
execution, and further authorizingthetask.Fourconsecutive
stages are proposed from the planning examination to its
fulfillment stage as presented in the figure below:
Fig 4.11 Sequence of Development Phase
4.6. Constructional Resources:
The various resources being used in theconstructionproject
can be enumerated as:
4.6.1. Manpower:
Workers as specialized and administrative faculty and work
constrain in different exchanges is basic to do extend
exercises. Specialized and administrative work force are
basic for effective utilization of Human resources and to
accomplish venture fruition inside assessed time and
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executing plan. Specialized work force incorporate
designers, planners, project surveyors, directions,
professionals and many more. The work forces comprise of
competent members. Report of working gathering on
development for India’s Eleventh Plan:- is stated in table
below
Table 4.2 Manpower accessed in Construction Sector
S. no Category
1995 2005
Growth % in 10 years
No. % Total No. % Total
1 Engineers 687,000 4.7 822,000 2.65 20
2 Technician & Foreman 359,000 2.46 573,000 1.85 60
3 Secretarial 646,000 4.42 738,000 2.38 14
4 Skilled Workers 2,241,000 15.34 3,267,000 10.54 46
5 Unskilled Workers 10,670,000 73.08 25,600,000 82.58 140
Total 14,603,000 100 31,000 100 100
Table 4.3 Indirect Cost:
S. no Category Pay Scale per Month (Rupees)
1 Project G.M 2,35,000
2 D.G.M 1.85,000
3 Senior Project Engineer 65,000
4 Quality Engineer 50,000
5 Billing Engineer 50,000
6 Trainee Enginner 12,000
7 Computer Operator 10,000
8 Peon 7,000
* Reference values of Pay Scale considered using IDC pay scale.
4.6.2. Materials
Materials, for example, block, stone, timber, bond, sand,
aggregates, steel, lime stone, paint, water supply and
petroleum ointment and so forth are named as material
assets which are required for developments of undertaken
projects. Material calendar demonstrating the amount,
quality and appropriate time and date of its conveyance is
presented on the obligations of architect for supply of
different materials at the fitting time of developmentperiod.
4.6.3. Machinery:
There are different sorts of Plants/ gears and apparatus are
required at various purpose pf time amid execution time of
development project. It relies on sort and nature of
development work, requirement of hardware on site may
incorporate bunching plant, blender, vibrator, trucks,
tractors, excavators, cranes, pumps, generator etc. Based on
monitory examination, a development design/ contractual
worker is arranged in different sites as per the project
requirements.
4.6.4. Finances:
Cash or reserve is the absolute mostcritical assetsince every
single asset are specifically subjected to accessibilityofcash.
So the money related cases are arranged and organizedwith
extraordinary consideration for smooth execution of the
project. Finance related arranging basic for smooth stream
and to maintain a strategic distance from any deferral in the
exercise of task.
4.6.5. Time:
Time is considered as one of the most important aspect of
any construction project, since every construction project is
bounded with time limit provided for project management
as per defined by authorities as per their past experience.
Therefore, the primary motive of project management is to
complete the project within time limit to avoid extra
penalties or losses.
4.6.6. Necessity of Project Management
Numerous researches have cleared that no venture cannot
perform individually. Their insight and aptitudes are
investigated and analyzed in order to fit the ideal individual
in the perfect place. The venture administration means to
guide Human resources with a view to achieve well set
destinations of the pre-arranged activity.To be effective,one
should know how to gauge the expense of development
extents precisely, foresee the calendar of work, control the
advancement of work, uses amid development and finish
venture securely on time.
V. RESULTS
5.1. Project Duration till Date
Fig 5.1 Comparison of Project Duration in Phase I and
Phase II
Discussion: As observed from theprojectdurationPhase IIis
running slow due to lack of availability of resources.
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5.2. Gantt Chart using Primavera P6
5.2.1. PMAY Block A
Fig 5.2 Gantt Chart of PMAY Block A
Fig 5.3 Gantt Chart on PMAY Block B
Discussion:
The Gantt chart presented the appropriate dates which define the differencesinimplementationofresourcesstartingfromthe
stage first of site investigation which includes survey till the stage finishing work.
Table 5.2 Schedule of PMAY Block A and Block B
Activity
Block A Block B
Start Date End Date
Survey Site investigation Soil Testing 29-Oct-20 29-Oct-20 6-Feb-21 5-Jan-21
Boring of Strata 23-Nov-20 5-Nov-20 21-Nov-20 30-Nov-20
Site Office 15-Jan-21 29-Dec-20 15-Jan-22 5-Jan-21
Machinery Setup 23-Jan-21 29-Dec-20 22-Jan-22 5-Jan-21
Labour& Material Setup 30-Jan-21 29-Dec-20 30-Jan-22 5-Jan-21
Substructure Excavation 6-Feb-21 5-Jan-21 22-May-22 24-Aug-21
PCC 22-May-21 31-Mar-21 16-Jun-22 29-Apr-21
Foundation 16-Jun-21 23-Apr-21 27-Aug-22 22-Jul-21
Abutment 27-Aug-21 22-Jul-21 6-Oct-22 3-Sep-21
Superstructure Pier 6-Oct-21 4-Sep-21 24-Jan-22 29-Dec-21
Slab 24-Jan-22 16-Dec-21 16-Feb-22 12-Jan-22
Girder 17-Feb-22 12-Jan-22 8-Mar-22 3-Feb-22
Beam Roof 8-Mar-22 28-Jan-22 14-Jun-22 5-May-22
Staircase 14-Jun-22 5-May-22 25-Aug-22 18-Jul-22
VI. CONCLUSION
6.1. Managing Project:
The research presented to develop scheduling and planning
using Primavera P6 V8.3 for Pradhan MantriAwas Project
and prepare construction sequence and comparative
analysis in between two blocks and identification of reasons
in delay. Conducting Financial Risk analysisusingPrimavera
P6. Financial Risk analysis using Gantt chartin Primavera P6
and assign proper sequence and links between different
activities for early finish.
The observation stated the drawbacks which ultimately
becomes the reasons for delay of the project and compared
the scheduled of the two blocks of PMAY Urban.
In this study, minimization of delay was done by allocating
resources as per demand of activity based on availability of
resources and uncertainties like lockdown due to COVID 19.
The study elaborated work breakdown structure to activity
level to provide properlaggingofprojectmanagementasper
scheduling.
Here results concluded that using project management tool
Primavera P6 assigning and monitoring each activity as per
running conditions theprojectmaybecompletedintime and
cost may be saved. Besides, further water logging was
analyzed in excavation activity due to environment (rain
water) which was resolved to save 5 days.
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Observations stated that the process of preconstruction was
managed equally by linking all such activities namely
preparing site office, Labour room, and laboratory setup. By
linking the activities, the time lapse reduces simultaneously.
Overall it is observed in the running project that
management of all the activities and observations on their
previous and next activity is necessary to run activities
simultaneously, so as to optimize the time and cost.
6.2. Future Scope
This contemplates goes for labour and assets arranging and
planning of venture. One can build up an arrangement and
timetable for plant and machinery with theirexpensesorfor
finish development asset of task. In this examination
Comparison of two blocks of PMAY Project are considered.
To promote extent of the research, planner and schedule of
earthwork gradation for development and basic manner is
acquired and analysis be utilized using Primavera P6 and
such analysis can be further conducted using different
management program.
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