Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the solar system. It has no atmosphere or moons and its surface temperatures vary greatly between day and night. Venus is the hottest planet due to its thick atmosphere and is sometimes visible from Earth as the morning or evening star. Mars is around half the size of Earth and has a thin atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide.

3. MERCURY
“The smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System”
Orbital Period:
88 days or 0.24
years
Distance from
Sun:
57.91 million km
Moons/Satellites: 0
It takes 59 Earth
days to make one
full rotation.
It has been
visited by two
spacecraft
It has no
atmosphere
Motion: Prograde
Gravity: 3.7 m/s²

4. MERCURY
“The smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System”
Named after
the Roman
god of
commerce,
travel, and
thievery
Daytime temperature:
400 degrees Celsius
Nighttime temperature:
-180 degrees Celsius
No water or air
on its surface

5. VENUS
Distance from Sun:
108.2 million km
Orbital Period:
225 days or 0.615
years
It has a thick
atmosphere full
of the
greenhouse gas
carbon dioxide
and clouds
made of sulfuric
acid.
It takes about 243
Earth days to spin
around just once.
Moons/Satellites: 0
“The hottest planet in the Solar System”
Motion: Retrograde
Gravity: 8.87 m/s²

6. VENUS
Known as morning
star (sunrise-east)
and evening star
(sunset-west)
“The hottest planet in the Solar System”
Earth’s sister
planet
Has more
volcanoes
than any
other
planets

7. EARTH
Distance from Sun:
149.6 million km
Orbital Period:
365.25 days
Moons/Satellites: 1
Motion: Prograde
“The largest of the terrestrial planets”
Gravity: 9.8 m/s²
Tilt: 23.5 degrees
Layer of the
Atmosphere:
5 layers
Layer of the
Earth:
5 layers

8. EARTH
The only planet
that has liquid
water on its
surface
“The largest of the terrestrial planets”
The only planet
humans have
walked on

9. MARS
Distance from Sun:
227.9 million km
Orbital Period:
687 days
Moons/Satellites: 2
Motion: Prograde
“The second-smallest planet in the Solar System”
Gravity: 3.711 m/s²
It has a very thin
atmosphere
made of carbon
dioxide, nitrogen,
and argon.
One day on
Mars only last
24.6 hours

10. MARS
“The second-smallest planet in the Solar System”
The red tint of
this planet is
due to a mineral
called iron oxide
that is very
common on its
surface.
Home to
Olympus
Mons, the
largest
volcano in
our solar
system

12. JUPITER
Distance from Sun:
778.5 million km
Orbital Period:
11.862 year
Moons/Satellites:
50 confirmed; 17
unconfirmed
Motion: Prograde
Gravity: 24.79m/s²
It has big
storms like
the Great Red
Spot, which
has been
going for
hundreds of
years.
“The biggest planet in the solar system”
One day in
Jupiter goes by
in just 10 hours

13. SATURN
Distance from Sun:
1.429 billion km
Orbital Period:
29.4571 year
Moons/Satellites:
53 moons with 9
unconfirmed
Motion: Prograde
Gravity: 10.44 m/s²

14. SATURN
The rings of
Saturn are made
up of millions of
ice crystals,
some as big as
houses and
others as small
as specks of
dust.

15. URANUS
One day on Uranus
lasts a little over 17
hours
Moons/Satellites:
27 moons
Orbital Period:
84 years
Motion: Retrograde
Gravity: 8.69 m/s²
Distance from Sun:
2.871 billion km
Rolls like a barrel rather
than spinning
The coldest planet
in our Solar System
The smallest of the
four “giants”

16. NEPTUN
E
Moons/Satellites:
13 confirmed; 1
unconfirmed
One day on Neptune
only goes by in 16 hours
Orbital Period:
164 years
Motion: Prograde
Gravity: 11.15 m/s²
Distance from Sun:
4.498 billion km
A large, water
planet with a blue
hydrogen-
methane
atmosphere and
faint rings.
Has the most
violent weather

17. COMPUTING WEIGHT IN DIFFERENT
PLANETS
Formula: W=mg
Weight = mass x acceleration due to
gravity
This formula is also similar to:
Force (F)= mass (m) x acceleration (a)

18. VARIABLE SYMBOL UNIT FORMULA
WEIGHT W Newton
(N)
W= m x g
MASS m Kilograms
(kg)
m = W ÷ g
ACCELERATION
DUE TO GRAVITY a
Meter per Second
Squared
(m/s²)
g = W ÷ m

19. COMPUTING AGE IN DIFFERENT
PLANETS
𝐴𝑔𝑒𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑋 =
𝐴𝑔𝑒𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑥 365 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑂𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑥

20. COMPUTING AGE IN DIFFERENT
PLANETS
𝐴𝑔𝑒𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ =
𝐴𝑔𝑒𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑋 𝑿 𝑂𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑋
365 days

21. SAMPLE PROBLEM
An object has a mass of 95
kilograms. What is its weight in
planet X if the surface gravity there
is 55 m/s²?

22. SAMPLE PROBLEM
Unknown:
Weight of the
object in planet
X
Given:
Mass = 95 kg
Gravity = 55 m/s²
Formula:
W = m x g

23. SAMPLE PROBLEM
Formula:
W = m x g
Solution:
W = 95 kg x 55 m/s²
W = 5, 225 kg.m/s² or 5, 225 N