This document provides a summary of the solar system and its exploration in the form of a slideshow presentation. It begins with an introduction to the solar system, then provides details about each planet from the Sun to Neptune in individual slides. Additional slides cover other heavenly bodies like dwarf planets, asteroids, meteors, comets and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The presentation includes interesting facts, diagrams and numbers about each topic. It aims to educate students in class 4 about the amazing facts of space and the universe.

1. Solar System
and its Exploration
Amazing facts about Space and the Universe
A Study by
TANISHA PAHWA & PARLEEN KAUR
Class – 4th
MAXFORT SCHOOL
Rohini

2. Table of Contents
Slide No. Contents Time (in sec)
1 Title Page 18
2 Table of Contents 5
3 Introduction to Solar System 20
4 Sun - the Centre of Universe 35
5 - 6 Planet Mercury 48
7 - 8 Planet Venus 50
9 - 10 Planet Earth 50
11 - 12 Planet Mars 46
13 - 14 Planet Jupiter 53
15 - 16 Planet Saturn 50
17 - 18 Planet Uranus 48
19 - 20 Planet Neptune 48
21 - 23 Other Heavenly Bodies 92
24 ISRO 36
25 Credits & Bibliography 15
TOTAL TIME(in seconds) 614
Approximate time in minutes 10

3. Introduction to Solar System
The Solar System is made up of all the planets that orbit our
Sun. In addition to planets, the Solar System also consists of
moons, comets, asteroids, minor planets, and dust and gas.
The Solar System evolved from a giant cloud of dust and gas
which collapsed under the weight of its own gravity. As it did
so, the matter contained within this could begin moving in a
giant circle, at the center of which, a small star began to form.
This star grew larger and larger as it collected more and more
of the dust and gas that collapsed into it and ignited to become
Sun. The smaller clumps became the planets, minor planets,
moons, comets, and asteroids.

4. Sun
Our Sun is just like the stars we see in the night sky. Other stars may
be larger or brighter than our Sun but they are so very far away that
we only see them as points of light in the night sky.
The Sun is so big that you could fit more than 1 million earths inside
of it!
The Sun’s surface temperature is around 5500 degrees Celsius while
its center is about 15 million degrees Celsius.
The Sun is about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium. Sun converts
hydrogen to helium in its core.
Light from the Sun takes eight minutes to reach Earth:
In very bright weather it is dangerous to look directly at the Sun
without protective glasses.
Sometimes darker spots are seen on the surface of the Sun. These
are magnetic areas which are cooler than the rest of the Sun. They
are called Sunspots.
the center of our Universe…

5. AU : One AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometres
Mercury
Distance from Sun (in AU) 0.39
Diameter 5000 kms
Rotation (Length of day) 59 days
Revolution (Length of year) 88 days
Moons None
Maximum Surface temp (in
o
C) 350
Minimum Surfacetemp (in o
C) -175
in numbers….

6. Interesting facts about the first planet
of our Solar System
Mercury is the fastest planet and zooms around the Sun in
just 88 days – an incredible speed of 48 kms a second.
Mercury has very small gravitational force. If you weigh 32
kg on Earth, you would weigh only about 12 kg on
Mercury.
If you were to stand on Mercury, Sun would appear two
and a half times bigger than what it looks from Earth.
About once every ten or fifteen years Mercury can be seen
crossing the Sun as a tiny black dot slowly passing across
the Sun.
You can see Mercury with a pair of binoculars or even the
naked eye. Because it is always very near the Sun, Mercury
may be hard to see in early evening skies
Mercury

7. Venusin numbers….
Distance from Sun (in AU) 0.72
Diameter 12100 kms
Rotation (Length of day) 243 days
Revolution (Length of year) 262 days
Moons None
Average Surface temp (in o
C) 460
AU : One AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometres

8. Venus
Interesting facts about the planet
believed to be Earth’s sister
Venus and Earth are very similar in size, mass and
gravity, both have a central core, a molten mantle and
a crust.
Venus is unique because it also lacks a magnetic field
and a moon.
The planet rotates very slowly, with a day on Venus
lasting 243 Earth days.
Venus actually rotates backwards from the way the
rest of the planets rotate.
Venus is the hottest planet at around 500 Degrees
Celsius
Venus is usually visible with the naked eye in morning
or evening. It is by far the brightest "star" in the sky.

9. in numbers….
Distance from Sun (in AU) 1
Diameter 12760 kms
Rotation (Length of day) 24 hours
Revolution (Length of year) 365 days
Moons 1
Average Surface temp (in o
C) 20
AU : One AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometres
Earth

10. Interesting facts about the
planet we live on
Earth is the only planet on which water can exist in
liquid form on the surface.
The atmosphere is mainly made up of nitrogen (78%),
oxygen (21%), argon (.93%), and carbon dioxide
(0.03%).
Earth has a powerful magnetic field. This phenomenon
is caused by the nickel-iron core of the planet
You may think that the earth is a perfect circle, but it is
actually an oblate spheroid
Small earthquakes are happening somewhere on the
Earth all the time.
The Earth is sometimes called The Blue Planet, because
when it is viewed from space the combination of the
oceans and atmosphere make it appear blue
Earth

11. Marsin numbers….
Distance from Sun (in AU) 1.52
Diameter 6800 kms
Rotation (Length of day) 24 hrs 39 minutes
Revolution (Length of year) 1 yr 320 days
Moons 2
Maximum Surface temp (in o
C) 27
Minimum Surfacetemp (in o
C) -133
AU : One AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometres

12. Interesting facts about the
red planet
Mars
Mars is nicknamed the red planet because it is covered
with rust-like dust.
Mars has a very thin atmosphere made mostly of
carbon dioxide.
Mars has seasons like Earth too. These seasons are
much longer than Earth seasons because Mars is so
much farther from the sun.
Though there is no water on Mars now, it is thought
that large lakes or even oceans may have once existed
on this planet.
It is believed that Mars might have harbored life in the
past and might have living things existing even today.

13. Jupiterin numbers….
Distance from Sun (in AU) 5.2
Diameter 1.43 lac kms
Rotation (Length of day) 9 hrs 55 mts
Revolution (Length of year) 11.9 years
Moons 64
Average Surface temp (in o
C) -148
AU : One AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometres

14. Jupiter
Interesting facts about the
largest planet in the Solar System
Jupiter is more than twice as massive as all the other planets
combined - More than 1,300 planets the size of the Earth could
fit inside Jupiter
Spacecrafts cannot land on Jupiter because it does not have solid
surface.
Jupiter has high speed winds that whip by at more than 600
kmph
Jupiter's most outstanding and interesting feature is called "The
Great Red Spot." This is a storm that has been raging for at least
350 years and is large enough for two Earths to fit inside of.
If you weigh 32 kg on Earth, on Jupiter you would weigh 84 kg.
Jupiter spins really fast; it only takes 10 hours to go from night to
day on Jupiter
Jupiter has three thin rings around its equator.

15. Saturnin numbers….
Distance from Sun (in AU) 9.5
Diameter 1.2 lac kms
Rotation (Length of day) 10 hrs 39 mts
Revolution (Length of year) 29.5 years
Moons 60
Average Surface temp (in o
C) -130
AU : One AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometres

16. Saturn
Interesting facts about the planet with
rings…
Saturn is a giant gas planet which is made up of about 75%
hydrogen and 25% helium.
Saturn has thousands of rings composed of billions of icy
particles ranging in size from tiny grains to kilometers across.
Saturn is made up of materials which are lighter than water.
If placed in a big pond, Saturn would float much like an ice
cube does in a glass of water.
Saturn is the furthest planet from Earth that can be seen
without the help of a telescope.
Although the Saturn environment is almost certainly too
hostile to support life, it is possible that one of its moons,
such as Enceladus, could support life.
Saturn is not a peaceful planet. Storm winds race around the
atmosphere at 800kmp/h.

17. Uranus
AU : One AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometres
in numbers….
Distance from Sun (in AU) 19.2
Diameter 47000 kms
Rotation (Length of day) 17 hrs 14 mts
Revolution (Length of year) 84 years
Moons 27
Average Surface temp (in o
C) -200

18. Uranus
Uranus spins differently from most planets. It spins at an
axis of 98O – i.e. rotating while it is almost in a lying down
position.
Because Uranus is lying on its side as it orbits the sun, its ach
pole has no sunlight for almost 42 earth years.
Like the other gas planets, Uranus has bands of clouds that
blow around rapidly. It also has rings around it.
Uranus' blue color is the result of a gas called "methane"
found in the planet's upper atmosphere.
The minimum atmospheric temperature of Uranus is -224°C
making it the coldest planet in the solar system
Because of the tremendous planetary pressure of Uranus,
there could possibly be trillions of large diamonds in or on
the surface of this planet
Interesting facts about the cold planet
which rotates while sleeping

19. Neptunein numbers….
AU : One AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometres
Distance from Sun (in AU) 30.1
Diameter 49500 kms
Rotation (Length of day) 16 hrs 7 mts
Revolution (Length of year) 165 years
Moons 13
Average Surface temp (in o
C) -200

20. Neptune
Like the other gas planets, Neptune has rapid winds and
large storms. Neptune's winds are the fastest in the solar
system, reaching 2000 kmph
Neptune has six rings which circle the planet.
Neptune is so far away that it takes almost 160 earth years
for it to complete one full revolution around the Sun. In
2011, Neptune completed its first orbit around the Sun since
it was discovered in 1846.
If you are traveling to Neptune in a spacecraft or rocket, it
will take you ten long years to reach there.
It was the first planet found by mathematical prediction.
Like Jupiter's Great Red Spot, Neptune also has dark spots.
However, these spots disappear and reappear on different
parts of the planet.
Interesting facts about the farthest and
most stormy planet of Solar System

21. Other Heavenly Bodies
Dwarf Planets
There are five official and many unofficial smaller
planets in our solar system.
The known dwarf planets are Ceres, Pluto,
Haumea, Makemake and Eris.
Most are located in a region of icy objects beyond
the orbit of Neptune. Dwarf planet Ceres is
however in the asteroid belt between Mars and
Jupiter
Pluto was considered a planet until 2006. The
new official definition of a planet in 2006 that did
not include Pluto.

22. Other Heavenly Bodies
ASTEROIDS
Asteroids are chunks of rock and metal that orbit
around the Sun found mainly between the inner planets
and outer planets.
Scientists think that they are loose material that never
formed into planet because of their proximity to
Jupiter's strong gravity.
More than 7000 asteroids have been discovered. Several
hundred more are discovered each year.
It is estimated that an asteroid larger than 10 feet across
strikes the Earth around once a year. These asteroids
usually explode when they hit the Earth's atmosphere
and cause little damage on the Earth's surface.
Some scientists have theorized that the extinction of the
Dinosaurs was caused by a large asteroid colliding with
the Earth.

23. Other Heavenly Bodies
METEORS & COMETS
A Meteoroid is a piece of stone-like or metal-like debris which
travels in outer space.
If a meteoroid falls into the Earth's atmosphere, it will begin to
heat up and start to glow. This is called a meteor – also referred
to as shooting star
Around 500 meteorites reach the Earth’s surface every year but
of those only around 5 ever make it to scientists for study.
A comet is a relatively small solar system body that orbits the
Sun. When close enough to the Sun they sometimes display a
visible tail.
Comets are made of ice, dust and small rocky particles.
Halley’s Comet is the most well known comet. It can be seen
with the naked eye from Earth every 75 to 76 years. It was last
visible in 1986 and will return again sometime in 2061

24. Indian Space Research Organisation
ISRO is amongst the six largest space agency in the
world – after USA (NASA), Russia, Europe, China
and Japan.
Established in 1969, ISRO has achieved numerous
milestones since its establishment.
ISRO's satellite launch capability is mostly provided
by indigenous launch vehicles (like PSLV and GSLV)
and launch sites.
In 2008, ISRO successfully launched its first lunar
probe Chandrayaan-1
Last month ISRO successfully launched its satellite
which would study Mars. This satellite Mangalyaan,
is a milestone in India’s space research program.
Going forward ISRO plans a manned mission to
Moon and Interplenary probes besides helping
other developing countries to launch their satellites
using ISRO’s launch vehicles.

25. CREDITS & BIBLIOGRAPHY
We would like to thank our Computer Science instructor Ms. Reema for
encouraging us and making us believe that we can be the best.
Also thanks to our parents greatly helped us in collecting information and
how to combine all information available in power point presentation.
We used many sources of information some of which are as below :
Amazing Space – A book on fascinating facts about Space and the Universe,
Parragon Books
http://kids.nineplanets.org
http://space-facts.com
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/planets.html
http://www.kidsastronomy.com
http://www.planetsforkids.org
http://www.squidoo.com
http://astronomy.knoji.com/amazing-and-interesting-facts-about-
planet
http://www.planetfacts.net

26. THANK YOU…