The document discusses the importance of high-quality yarn in the textile industry, detailing types of yarn and their characteristics, including staple fibre and filament yarns. It emphasizes the role of good quality raw materials in creating exquisite fabrics and mentions tests for determining yarn quality. The company Reshamandi aims to support stakeholders in the natural fibre supply chain by providing access to high-quality yarns and fair pricing for weavers.

1. DO YOU KNOW THESE FACTSABOUT
YARNS?

3. It is a well-known fact that, when every product we create is great, a business
will flourish. For the stakeholders of the natural fibre supply chain, access to
good quality raw materials plays a vital role.
Good quality raw materials will help reelers, weavers craft the best yarns and
exquisite fabrics. To bring out the best natural fibres, a weaver must differentiate
between high-quality and low-quality yarn.

4. A simple guide to help you understand the A
to Z of yarns
A lengthy, continuous strand of entangled fibres is called yarn.. Textile yarn is
manufactured with natural fibers from substances such as wool from sheep, silk
from silkworms, or cotton and linen from plants.
It can also be created with synthetic, or man-made, fibres derived from a variety
of substances like nylon, acrylic, and polyester. Yarn is created by spinning. It
can be spun manually or by a machine. Weaving yarn has a tight twist, a smooth
exterior, and significant longitudinal strength.

5. Types of yarns
There are 3 types of basic yarns, which are further classified into
different categories based on their characteristics and type of
spinning.

7. Staple fibre yarn or Spun yarn
Staple fibre yarns are made by twisting together short fibres. Spun yarn is
classified into various categories based on the direction of twist.
• S – twist yarn: Yarns are twisted in clockwise direction, the inclination angle
of fibres makes the shape S
• Z – twist yarn: Yarns are twisted in anti-clockwise direction, the inclination
angle of fibres makes the shape Z
• Zero twist or twist less yarn: Untwisted staple fibres are wrapped with hot
water soluble filaments. During processing, these filaments are dissolved in
hot water after weaving

8. Spun yarn is classified into various categories based on the
degree of twist.
• Low twist yarn: Low twist yarn has a soft feel, poor lustre and less clarity in
the structure. Fabrics made of this yarn have poor pilling properties
• Normal twist yarn: As per the spinning specifications, this yarn has a normal
twist
• High twist yarn: With a higher degree of twist, this yarn enhances the fabric
texture. It has better pilling properties with a good lustre

10. Based on the spinning technology used, the spun yarn can be
classified into two groups:
• Ring frame yarn: Spindle-based method of spinning is used to create ring
frame yarn
• Open-end yarn : A rotor spinning machine is used to create open-end yarn. It
is considered cheaper than ring frame yarn
• Ply yarn : Ply yarns are made by twisting together 2 or more single yarns.
There are 2 types of Ply yarns: Single-ply yarn and Multi-ply yarn
• Filament yarn: Filament yarns are made by winding mostly one or more
short natural fibres

11. Yarns in woven fabric manufacturing
• Warp Yarn: Warp yarn is positioned in the longitudinal direction of a woven
fabric and is used to make a weaving beam.
• Weft yarn: Weft yarn is used for cross interlacement through warp beams.

12. How to spot good yarns?
Magnificent fabrics can be weaved only with good quality yarn. Good quality
yarn includes yarn that have
• No splits
• No breaks in the plies
• Devoid of colour bleed

13. How to determine the quality of yarn?
• The Twist Test
◦ This test is used to determine the spiral disposition of the yarn . Twisting
improves the strength of yarn, however too many twists places the fibres at the
right angle to the axis of yarn, resulting in the decrease of yarn strength.
Different twists are given to yarn, based on its use in the fabric. Standard warp
twist is used to incorporate maximum twists for warp yarns.

14. • Parameters for yarn quality
◦ Several parameters are used to ascertain the quality of different yarn types.
• Denier, Ne, Lea
◦ Denier is used to determine the thickness of fibres or filaments used in the silk
yarn. Greater the denier value, heavier, thicker and cheaper the yarn.

15. Lesser the denier value, the lighter, thinner and more expensive the yarn. For
cotton yarn it is called count and unit is Ne, it is used to express the size of the
cotton yarn.
It refers to the number of times the length of one pound of yarn can be divided
by 840. For linen the thickness is measured as Lea

16. •Yarn elongation
◦ The elongation of yarn is vital for weaving. Higher yarn elongation permits
better ability to bear the tension and jerk during weaving processes.
• Degree of Hairiness
◦ The degree of hairiness refers to the number of fibres protruding from the base
of the yarn. Lesser value of hairiness, indicates yarns have lower chances of
pilling.

17. Access to good yarns and more with
ReshaMandi
ReshaMandi, with a vision to make India the powerhouse of natural fibre, is
working with farmers, reelers, weavers, and retailers of the natural fibre
ecosystem.
It is empowering them by providing access to high-quality raw materials, inputs
and creating means, and methods to enhance their incomes and transform them
into entrepreneurs.

18. ◦ ReshaMandi has set up procurement centres across the country, ensuring there
is never a dearth of scientifically graded yarns for the weavers. It offers them
high-quality yarns at fair prices, as weavers can sell their products to
ReshaMandi at the best prices, it also helps them to clear their inventory faster.
◦ To access yarns at fair prices and to get good prices for your fabrics and sarees,
download the ReshaMandi app for weavers.

19. Phone - +91 7338694594
Mail - support@reshamandi.com