The uterus is pear-shaped and located in the pelvis. It has three layers - endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium. The uterus contains the fundus, corpus, cervix, and cervical canal. It is supported by ligaments and maintains an anteverted and anteflexed position. The fallopian tubes receive eggs from the ovaries and provide a site for fertilization. The fertilized egg implants in the endometrium and develops into an embryo and fetus, causing the uterus to enlarge during pregnancy.

1. OBSTETRICS AND GYNEACOLOGY
NURSING
Ques no:-4
IMP
QUESTIONS
PRESENTED BY
PAREKH KISHAN
P.B.B.Sc. NURSING

2. Q.4)Described the Uterus (Marks :-5/8)
Covered the topics :-
- Structure
- Figure
- Position
- Layers
- Parts
- Function

3.  Introduction
• The uterus (from Latin ”uterus”), or womb is a major female hormone-
responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and
most other mammals.
 Structure:-
----) The uterus is located within the pelvic region immediately
behind and almost overlying the bladder, and in front of
the sigmoid colon.
----) The human uterus is pear-shaped .
----) Size :- 7.6 cm (3.0 in) long,
4.5 cm (1.8 in) broad (side to side), and
3.0 cm (1.2 in) thick.
----) Weight :-A typical adult uterus weights about 60 grams.

4.  The uterus can be divided anatomically into four regions:
• The Fundus – the uppermost rounded portion of the uterus,
• The Corpus (body),
• The Cervix, and
• The Cervical Canal.
---) The cervix protrudes into the vagina.
---) The uterus is held in position within the pelvis by ligaments,
which are part of the endopelvic fascia.
---) These ligaments include the the pubocervical ligaments,
the cardinal ligaments, and the uterosacral ligaments.
---) It is covered by a sheet-like fold of peritoneum, the broad
ligament.

5. Position - It leans forward, which is known as anteversion, it
bends forwards on itself, which is known as anteflexion.
• Relation - anteriorly the bladder and posteriorly rectum
• Inferior - Below the uterus is the vagina
• Superior - above the uterus lie the intestine
• Lateral - on both sides of the walls are the broad ligaments, the
fallopian tubes and the ovaries.
• Supports - supported by the pelvic floor and maintained in position by several ligaments.
Ligaments are;
- Peritonial ligament :-
Broad ligament
- Genito inguinal ligament
Round ligament
- Ligaments formed by pelvic fascia
Transverse cervical ligament
Utero sacral ligament

6.  Parts of the uterus
• The body or corpus - the upper 2/3 of the uterus and is the greater part.
• The fundus - the domed upper wall between the insertions of the fallopian
tubes.
• The cornua - are the upper outer angle of the uterus where the fallopian
tubes join.
• The cavity - is a potential space between the anterior and posterior walls.
• The isthmus - is a narrow area between the cavity and the cervix, which is
7mmlong. It enlarges during pregnancy to form the lower
uterine segment.
• The cervix or neck - protrudes in to the vagina.
• The internal os (mouth) - is the narrow opening between the isthmus and
the cervix
• The external os - is a small round opening at the lower end of the cervix.

7.  Layers:- The uterus has three layers, of which the middle muscle layer
is by far the thickest.
• The endometrium: - forms a lining of ciliated epithelium (mucous
memberane) on a base of connective tissue or
stroma. It is constantly changing in thickness through
out the menustral cycle.
• The myomatrium or muscle coat: - is thick in the upper part of the uterus
and is sparser in the isthmus and
cervix. It has three parts: Outer
longitudinal, middle oblique and inner
circular.
• The perimetrium :- is a double serous memberane, an extension of the
peritoneum, which is dragged over the uterus.

8.  Fallopian tube or uterine tube :-
 Function-Propels the ovum towards the uterus
--) Receives the spermatozoa as they travel up wards
--) provides a site for fertilization
--) It supplies the fertilized ovum with nutrition during
its continued journey to the uterus
 Position - extend laterally from the cornea of the uterus towards the
side walls of the pelvis
 Supports - are held in place by their attachment to the uterus.

9. • Structure - Each tube is 10cm long. It has four portions
of - The interstitial portion is 1.25cm long and lies with in the
Fallopian wall of the uterus. Its lumen is 1 mm wide.
tube - The isthmus is another narrow part which extends for
2.5cm from the uterus
- The ampoule is the wider portion where fertilization
usually occurs. It is 5 cm long.
- The infundibulum is the funnel - shaped fingered end
which is composed of many process known as fimbriae.
- One fimbria is elongated to form the ovarian fimbria
which is attached to the ovary.

10.  The ovaries
Function: - produce ova and the hormones estrogen and
progesterone
Position: - they are attached to the back of the broad ligament near
the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube.
OVARIE

11.  Function :-
• The reproductive function of the uterus is to accept a fertilized ovum which
passes through the utero-tubal junction from the fallopian tube.
• The fertilized ovum divides to become a blastocyst, which implants into
the endometrium, and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop
exclusively for this purpose.
• The fertilized ovum becomes an embryo, attaches to a wall of the uterus,
creates a placenta, and develops into a fetus (gestates) until childbirth. Due to
anatomical barriers such as the pelvis, the uterus is pushed partially into the
abdomen due to its expansion during pregnancy.
• Even during pregnancy the mass of a human uterus amounts to only about a
kilogram (2.2 pounds).
• The uterus also plays a role in sexual response, by directing blood flow to
the pelvis and ovaries, and to the external genitals, including the vagina, labia,
and clitoris.

12. ANSWER ?