Uuu

1. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

2. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
• The cyclic events that take place in a rhythmic
manner during the reproductive period of woman’s
life

3. • It starts at the age of ‘12-15’ years and ceases at the
age of ‘45-50’ years
• First menstrual cycle “menarche”
• The permanent cessation of menstrual cycle in old
age – “menopause”

4. • Menstrual cycle constitute both “uterine cycle” and
“ovarian cycle”
• Normal duration is “28 days”
• It may vary b/w 25 and 35 days under physiological
conditions

5. • OVARIAN CYCLE OR
EVENTS
• Follicular changes and
hormone secretions
1. Follicular phase
2. Ovulation
3. Luteal phase
• UTERINE CYCLE OR
EVENTS
• Uterine changes and
preparation for
fertilization and ovum
implantation
1. Proliferative phase
2. Secretory phase
3. Menstrual phase

6. OVARIAN CYCLE
1. Follicular phase
2. Ovulation
3. Luteal phase

7. OVARIAN CYCLE
• Day 0 – 14 : Follicular phase (preovulatory stage)
• Maturation of follicle into secondary follicle
• FSH and LH
• Stimulates “oocyte” development and “follicle
growth” primordial follicle, to primary follicle, into
secondary follicle
• Estrogen
• Reaches its peak

8. OVARIAN CYCLE
• Day 14 – 15 : Ovulation (Release of matured
ovum)
• Graafian follicle (containing ovum)
• FSH and LH rapidly
• LH burst occurs – ovulation starts

9. • Day 15 – 28 : Luteal phase (Postovulatory stage)
• Formation of “corpus luteum” (yellow body)
• FSH and LH decline
• Estrogen moderates level
• Progesterone
• Reaches its peak
• Corpus hemorrhagicum - corpus luteum - corpus
albicans (white body)

10. UTERINE CYCLE
1. Menstrual phase or pregnancy
2. Proliferative phase (preovulatory)
3. Secretory phase (postovulatory)

11. • Day 0 – 7 : Menstrual phase or pregnancy
• Sudden reduction in estrogen and progesterone
• (50 – 150 ml blood loss with shedding of stratum
functionalis layer of uterine endometrium)
• 2 – 5 mm thickness

12. • Day 7 – 14 : Proliferative phase (preovulatory)
• Starts at the end of “menstrual phase”
• Uterine lining thickens (4 – 10 mm)
• “Stratum basalis” undergoes mitosis
• Produces “stratum functionalis”
• Estrogen

13. • Day 14 – 28 : Secretory phase (postovulatory)
• Starts with “ovulation”
• Uterine lining extremely thickened (12 – 18 mm)
• Progesterone and estrogen secretion rises
• Inhibits LH and FSH release

14. • Day 0 : Menstrual phase or pregnancy
• If fertilization occurs, lining is maintained
• If not, lining is shed and will recycle next month

15. HORMONAL CHANGES DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE

16. UTERINE CHANGES DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE