In Bachelor of Pharmacy course, Class- 1st year, sem-II Subject EVS having topic of Energy Resources under the point Natural Resources. Following Presentation contain total information about the energy resources like Introduction of energy resources, Non-renewable, Renewable Energy resources with examples as well as deep explanations of coal, oil, petroleum, solar energy , wind energy , Conservation of Natural resources etc. Students having deep knowledge about energy resources after studying this presentation.

1. 1st Year, Sem-II, B. Pharmacy
Presented by- Prof. Shubhangi Sonawane
SVPM’s College of Pharmacy.
Malegaon Bk-413115

2. Today’s Focus
• Introduction & Types of Energy
• Non-renewable Energy Sources
• Renewable Energy Sources
• Conservation of Energy Resources

3. • Growing energy needs: Population explosion, Luxurious life, Industries,
Agriculture, mining, transportation, lighting, cooling, heating, building
all need energy.
• Fossil fuels like coal, oil, natural gas produce 95% of energy Sources of
energy.
• Types of Energy - There are 3 main types of energy resources:
1. Non-renewable
2. Renewable
3. Nuclear

4. Resources which have accumulated in nature over a long span of time and
cannot be quickly replenished when exhausted.
e.g.- coal, petroleum, natural gas
Secondary: Petrol, electrical energy, coal burning
Resources which can be generated continuously in nature and are in
exhaustible and can be used again endlessly.
e.g.- Tidal, Solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, biofuel, geothermal.

5. They consist of mineral based hydrocarbon 'fossil fuels' due to
fossilization of ancient forests.
• coal, oil natural gas formed

6.  Coal
 It is a hydrocarbon having high calorific value.
 It is obtained from earth crust by mining process.
 Man has exploited over 200 billion tones of coal.
 In India coal reserves occur in Bihar. Jharkhand, Madhya Pardesh,
Orissa, W. Bengal, Maharashtra, etc.
 The major coalfields are Raniganj,
Jharia, East and West Bokaro,
Panch Konkam (Tawa Valley).

7. WITH THE HELP OF YOUR TEACHER OR CARER,
TEST WHETHER YOUR SUGGESTIONS AND DRAWINGS WILL MAKE THE BULB LIGHT USING ACTUAL BATTERIES, A
SMALL LIGHTBULB, AND WIRES.
• According to their colorific values,
various types of coal are:
(a) Peat: Low organic matter, high moisture content, 20-30%
Calorific value, first stage of coal formation.
(b) Lignite (brown coal): less moisture content, 30-50% calorific value.
(c) Bituminous (soft coal): soft, 60-70% calorific value.
(d) Anthracite (hard coal): hard, 80-90% calorific value, emits
very less smoke.

8.  Mining and transportation of coal is costly.
 Burning of coal produces large quantity of ash which causes
problem of its disposal
 Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur cause acid rains.
 A large amount of fly-ash, unburnt fuel particles and some metal
oxides are also thrown in the atmosphere.
 Thermal power plants produce hot water which causes thermal
pollution.
Limitations and Environmental Effects:

9.  Oil or Petroleum:
 Crude oil or petroleum is a dark brown viscous liquid containing
hydrocarbon.
 Saudi Arabia has 25% of world's oil reserves
 This highly prized fossil fuel influences the world economy, causes
political tension, instability and war.
 In India, there are about 80 crore tones of oil reserve.
 Oil is purified and refined in oil refineries by fractional distillation
technique to obtain petrol, diesel, petroleum gas, kerosene oil, wax, etc.
 Petroleum gas is used for cooking and other domestic purposes as LPG
(Liquefied Petroleum Gas). Petrochemical industries are based upon
various petrochemical products for manufacturing fertilizers,
detergents, plastics, etc.

10.  Oil or Petroleum:
 Advantages
(a) Main fuel for transport vehicles, aero planes, etc
(b) It is a cleaner fuel as compared to coal having no solid wastes except
smoke particles.
(c) It is easier to transport as compared to coal.
 Limitations and Environmental Effects:
(a) Its reserves are limited in India as well as world.
(b) Automobile exhaust is the main source of urban pollution producing
pollutants like carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, lead,
aldehyde, etc Exhaust also causes smog along with the dust and water
vapors.

11. Renewable energy is energy that is
produced from
natural processes and continuously
replenished.
They are usually less polluting.
e.g. hydropower,
Solar,
Wind
geothermal
fuel wood,
biomass,
biogas.

13. Solar energy is energy provided by the Sun in the form of solar radiation.
Every day the Sun radiates, or sends out, an enormous amount of energy. This
Radiant energy has powered life on earth for millions of years and is one of the
most important source of energy for life forms.
Many technologies can harvest it directly to produce solar electricity for use in
homes and businesses globally.
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun, and can be harnessed using
a range of technologies such as -
• Solar radiant energy
• Solar photovoltaic
• Solar thermal electricity.

14. • Solar Radiant or light energy is produced in the Sun as a result of
nuclear fusion reactions and is transmitted to the earth through
space by electromagnetic radiation in quanta or packets of energy
called photons.
• This light energy can be utilized by a process called photovoltaic,
which produces electricity directly (Photo meaning light and
voltaic relating to electricity).
• This process is being used more and more as the technology is
developed and becomes more economic.
• It is used widely in solar powered calculators and other devices.

15. Wind is a renewable energy source because it
is not depleted when used. Because nature
constantly replenishes the wind, we can
continue to harness its power without worrying
about running out of it.
Today’s modern equivalent of the windmill,
the wind turbine, can use the wind’s energy to
generate electricity.
Most wind turbines have three blades mounted
to a tower made from tubular steel. The towers
rise 100 feet or more above the ground to take
advantage of the faster wind speeds from
higher altitudes.

16.  Wind Energy
• Advantages-
(ⅰ) It is a renewable source of energy and causes no pollution.
(ii) It can generate power in remote areas where other sources are not available.
(iii) It is easily manageable and cheap.
(iv) It can run water pumps, flour mills and electric turbines to generate
• Limitations and Environmental Impacts:
(i)Wind does not always blow with required intensity or in desired direction all the year
round.
(ii)Wind energy is not available in all the regions.(
(iii)The principal problems are bird kills, noise pollution, effect on TV reception and
visual or aesthetic impact.(
(iv) Wind is an intermittent source of energy and requires some other backup or standby
electricity source

17. Conservation of Energy Resources:
Growing consumption of energy in developing nations like India and non-renewability of
fossil fuels necessitate the conservation of energy resources on priority basis. Energy
conservation should be considered from different aspects as follows:
(i) Protection of oil installations from fire will prevent the wastage and damage of property
and life.
(ii) Encouraging the use of biogas instead of biomass can save energy and environment
from pollution.
(iii) Using smokeless and fuel efficient chullas will save fuel wood and will also reduce air
pollution.
(iv) Wastage of electricity should be avoided by using fans and lights only when needed.
Houses should be designed to get maximum natural light in rooms and fresh air due to
cross ventilation.
(v) Using cycles and rickshaws for short distances

18. Conservation of Energy
Resources:
(vi) Use of fuel efficient irrigation pumps in
agricultural sector.
(vii) Minimum or zero tillage practices in
agriculture can reduce the use of tractors that can
save energy as well as cost of cultivation.
(viii) Using the most energy efficient lights and
various electrical appliances can save energy and
money.
(ix) Using solar heaters, solar cookers and solar
cells etc. is much economical.
(x) Educating the public about the needs and
modes of energy saving.
(xi) Control of population growth will
automatically reduce the utilization of energy.

19. 1st Year, Sem-II, B. Pharmacy
Prof. Shubhangi Sonawane
SVPM’s College of Pharmacy.
Malegaon Bk-413115