Anatomy of uterus, ovary, and fallopian tube

1. ANATOMY OF UTERUS, OVARY &
FALLOPIAN TUBE
ASWIN SATHYAN
ROLL NO: 31

2. INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS
 VAGINA
 CERVIX
 UTERUS
 FALLOPIAN TUBES
 OVARIES

4. UTERUS
• Hollow pyriform muscular organ
• Situation – between bladder in
front and rectum behind
• Position- anteversion and
anteflexion
• Usually inclines to right (
dextrorotation) & cervix is directed
to the left (levorotation)
• 8 x 5 x 1.25 cm
• Weight – 50-80g
• Three parts
1) Body
2) Isthmus
3) Cervix

5. BODY OR CORPUS
 Body is further divided into fundus and cervix
 FUNDUS- the part which lies above the openings of
the uterine tubes.
 BODY-is triangular and lies between the openingsof
the tubes and the isthmus
 CORNUA-superolateral angles of the body of the
uterus project outwards from the junction of the
fundus and body
 ISTHMUS-the isthmus is a constricted part
measuring about 0.5cm situated between the body
and the cervix

6. CERVIX
 The cervix is the lowermost part of the uterus.
 It extends from the histological internal os and ends
at external os which opens into the vagina.
 Cylindrical in shape
 Measures about 2.5cm in length and diameter.
 It is divided into a supravaginal part and a vaginal
part which lies within the vagina each measuring
1.25cm
 NULLIPAROUS- vaginal part of the cervix is conical
with external os looking circular.
 PAROUS- is cylindrical with the external os having
bilateral slits.

7. UTERINE LIGAMENTS
FALSE LIGAMENTS TRUE LIGAMENTS (all paired)
Broad ligament(paired) Round ligaments
Rectouterine folds(paired) Transverse cervical ligament
Uterovesical fold(anterior
ligament –unpaired)
Uterosacral ligament
Rectovaginal fold(posterior
ligament-unpaired)
Pubocervical ligament

8. RELATIONS
 Anteriorly- bladder
 Posteriorly-rectum
 Peritoneum covers the body of the uterus and the
superavaginal portion of the cervix posteriorly.
 Pouch of Douglas- reflected peritoneum over the
rectum.
 Anteriorly peritoneum covers the body.And reflected
on to bladder creating uterovesical fold.
 Laterally-broad ligament.

9. BLOOD SUPPLY
 The uterine artery (a branch of the internal iliac
artery)
 LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
 Lymphatics from the fundus accompany the ovarian
artery and drain into the para-aortic nodes.
 lymphatics from the body and cervix drain to the
internal and external iliac lymph node
 NERVE SUPPLY
 Sensory fibres in the T11 and T12 roots carry pain
sensation from the uterus
 Sensory from the cervix and upper vagina pass
through the pelvic nerves to the 2,3,4th sacral nerves

10. OVARIES
 Ovaries are paired bodies situated on either side of
the uterus in close approximation within the lateral
pelvic wall.
 Ovaries are located in the fossa of waldeyer.
 Measure-4*3*2cm in size
 It is the only intraabdominal structure not covered by
peritoneum.

11. ATTACHMENT
 Medial pole is attached to the uterine cornua by the
ovarian ligament.
 Laterally it is attached by infundibulopelvic ligament
to the lateral pelvic wall.
 The fimbrial end of the tube is in close proximity to
the ovary and connected to it by the fimbria ovarica.

12. STRUCTURE
 Ovary has two parts.
 Outer cortex and inner medulla.
 CORTEX
 Outer portion of the cortex is the tunica albuginea.
 On the surface there is a single layer of cuboidal
epithelium-germinal epithelium of waldeyer.
 MEDULLA
 It is composed of loose connective tissue and is
vascular.

13. DEVELOPMENT
 Triple orgin
 From coelomic epithelium of genital ridge
 Underlying mesoderm
 Primordial germ cells

14. BLOOD SUPPLY
 Ovarian artery(branch of abdominal aorta)
 VENOUS DRAINAGE
 To inferior vena cava on the right ,renal vain on the
left
 LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE- to the parla- aortic node.
 NERVE SUPPLY
 Sympathetic-ovarian plexus
 Parasympathetic-inferior hypogastric plexus.

15. FALLOPIAN TUBE
•7-12 cm long
•Lying in the superior border of the broad ligament
•Medial end opens into the uterus at the cornua.
•Lateral extremity is free from broad lig. and in
close association with ovary
•Parts of tube---
infundibulum-comprising fimbriae
ampulla-widest part
isthmus-narrowest part
Interstitial part-inside myometrium
•Fertilisation normally takes place in the ampulla.

16. Clinical significance
Implantation in ampulla-ectopic pregnancy
Structure
•Outer serosal layer
•Middle muscular layer
•Inner ciliated epithelium
Development
Nonfused portion of mullerian duct
Blood supply,lymphatic drainage and nerve
supply
Arterial supply----Ovarian and uterine artery
Venous drainage----ovarian veins via pampiniform plexus
Lymphatic drainage----paraaortic nodes

17. THANK YOU