Phylum Arthropoda
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The phylum Arthropoda contains animals with bilateral symmetry, segmented bodies, and jointed appendages. They have an exoskeleton made of protein and chitin that protects their bodies and allows growth through molting. Arthropods live on land, in water, and everywhere in between, and eat a wide variety of foods. Their circulatory systems use hemolymph instead of blood, and respiratory organs vary between gills, book lungs, and tracheae depending on the environment. Reproduction is usually sexual, with sperm transferred to females in packets. Major subgroups include insects, chelicerates, crustaceans, and myriapods.
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Arthropod classification
This document classifies arthropods into three subphyla: Trilobitomorpha, Chelicerata, and Mandibulata. Trilobites were diverse marine invertebrates that lived 500-250 million years ago. Chelicerates include spiders, scorpions, ticks, and sea spiders and have two body segments, pedipalps for holding prey, and book lungs. Mandibulatans include insects, centipedes, millipedes, and crustaceans and have mandibles for chewing and three body segments in insects.
Arthropoda characters & classification
- Arthropoda is the largest phylum of animals, including insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others. They are bilaterally symmetrical, segmented, and have jointed appendages and a chitinous exoskeleton.
- The phylum contains over 80% of all animal species. It is divided into subphyla including Trilobita, Chelicerata, and Mandibulata. Trilobites are extinct marine arthropods. Chelicerates include spiders, scorpions, and others. Mandibulates include insects, crustaceans, centipedes, and millipedes.
- Arthropods live in nearly all environments and have
Insect morphology
This document outlines the course for Insect Morphology taught by Dr. Zeinab Abu-Elnaga at Mansoura University. It includes an introduction to insect systematics, general insect characters, attributes of insect survival and dominance, economic importance of insects, and outlines the external morphology of insect body regions including the head and its appendages, thorax and its appendages, and modifications of these structures. The document describes in detail the typical and modified structures of insect mouthparts, antennae, wings, and legs.
Phylum arthropoda
1. Arthropods are a phylum of joint-legged invertebrate animals including insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others.
2. They have segmented bodies, jointed appendages, a hard exoskeleton and molt to grow.
3. Major groups include insects, arachnids like spiders and scorpions, crustaceans like crabs and lobsters, and extinct trilobites.
Insects orders
This document provides information on the key distinguishing characteristics of different insect orders, including their names, etymologies, antennae, mouthparts, wings, legs and other features. It covers 32 major orders of insects, from Thysanura to Hymenoptera, with 1-4 defining bullet points per order.
Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism in Ruminants Carbohydrate Digestion...
The rumen of such animals will have higher amylolytic bacteria than cellulolytic bacteria present in the rumen of roughage- and pasture-fed animals.
Factors such as the forage:concentrate ratio, the physical form of the diet (ground vs. pelleted), feed additives, and animal species can affect the rumen fermentation process and VFA production.
Molar ratios of VFAs are dependent on the forage:concentrate ratio of the diet. Cellulolytic bacteria tend to produce more acetate, while amylolytic bacteria produce more propionic acid.
Typically three major VFA molar ratios are 65:25:10 with a roughage diet and 50:40:10 with a concentrate-rich diet.
Changes in VFA concentration can lead to several disorders of carbohydrate digestion in ruminants.
Rumen acidosis occurs when animals are fed high-grain-rich diets or when animals are suddenly changed from pasture- or range-fed to feedlot conditions
Very little digestion occurs in the mouth in farm animals.
The small intestine is the site of carbohydrate digestion in monogastrics.
Pancreatic amylase acts on alpha 1,4 links, and other disaccharidases and remove disaccharide units.
The end product (mainly glucose) diffuses into the brush-border using ATP-dependent glucose transporters.
Undigested (fiber, nonstarch polysaccharides [NSP]) in the hindgut can serve as an energy source for hindgut microbes in monogastrics.
Ruminant carbohydrate digestion is very different from monogastrics. First, there is no amylase secreted in the saliva and then most carbs are fermented in the rumen by microbial enzymes.
Carbohydrates are fermented to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the rumen. These include acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid.
VFAs are absorbed through the rumen wall into the portal vein and are carried to the liver.
Ratios of the VFAs change with the type of diet. Roughage diets favor microbes that produce more acetic acid, whereas concentrate diets favor microbes that produce more propionic acid.
Carbohydrate fermentation disorders in ruminants include rumen acidosis (grain overload), when cattle are fed high-starch-based cereal or grain-rich diets or when there is a sudden change from pasture to feedlot FIBROUS CARBOHYDRATES
Cellulose and hemicellulose bound with lignin in plant cell walls or fiber. Provide bulk in the rumen. Fermented slowly.
The lignin content of fiber increases with plant maturity and the extent of cellulose and hemicellulose fermentation in the rumen decreases.
Fiber in the form of long particles essential to stimulate rumination. Which enhances the breakdown and fermentation of fiber and stimulates ruminal contraction, and increases the flow of saliva to the rumen.
Saliva contains sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and phosphate salts which help to maintain pH of the rumen close to neutral.
Rations lacking fiber generally result in a low percentage of fat in the milk and contribute to digestive disturbances (e.g., displaced abomasum, rumen acidosis).
Non-fibrous carbohydrat
Mammals
Mammals evolved from reptiles called Therapids during the Mesozoic era. They increased rapidly during the Cenozoic era. Mammals are characterized by having hair, mammary glands to feed young, and being warm-blooded. They are classified into monotremes, marsupials, and placentals. Placental mammals carry young to term in the uterus. There are 19 orders of mammals including rodents, bats, whales, carnivores, even-toed and odd-toed ungulates, primates, and more. Each order has distinct characteristics related to their evolution, habitats, diets and behaviors.
Fish and amphibians notes
Fish and amphibians are aquatic vertebrates. Fish are divided into jawless fish, cartilaginous fish like sharks, and bony fish. They exchange gases using gills, have fins for movement, and various feeding methods. Amphibians live in water as larvae and on land as adults. They evolved lungs and skin adaptations to transition to land. They are divided into salamanders, frogs and toads, and caecilians. Both fish and amphibians face environmental threats.
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Arthropod classification
This document classifies arthropods into three subphyla: Trilobitomorpha, Chelicerata, and Mandibulata. Trilobites were diverse marine invertebrates that lived 500-250 million years ago. Chelicerates include spiders, scorpions, ticks, and sea spiders and have two body segments, pedipalps for holding prey, and book lungs. Mandibulatans include insects, centipedes, millipedes, and crustaceans and have mandibles for chewing and three body segments in insects.
Arthropoda characters & classification
- Arthropoda is the largest phylum of animals, including insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others. They are bilaterally symmetrical, segmented, and have jointed appendages and a chitinous exoskeleton.
- The phylum contains over 80% of all animal species. It is divided into subphyla including Trilobita, Chelicerata, and Mandibulata. Trilobites are extinct marine arthropods. Chelicerates include spiders, scorpions, and others. Mandibulates include insects, crustaceans, centipedes, and millipedes.
- Arthropods live in nearly all environments and have
Insect morphology
This document outlines the course for Insect Morphology taught by Dr. Zeinab Abu-Elnaga at Mansoura University. It includes an introduction to insect systematics, general insect characters, attributes of insect survival and dominance, economic importance of insects, and outlines the external morphology of insect body regions including the head and its appendages, thorax and its appendages, and modifications of these structures. The document describes in detail the typical and modified structures of insect mouthparts, antennae, wings, and legs.
Phylum arthropoda
1. Arthropods are a phylum of joint-legged invertebrate animals including insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others.
2. They have segmented bodies, jointed appendages, a hard exoskeleton and molt to grow.
3. Major groups include insects, arachnids like spiders and scorpions, crustaceans like crabs and lobsters, and extinct trilobites.
Insects orders
This document provides information on the key distinguishing characteristics of different insect orders, including their names, etymologies, antennae, mouthparts, wings, legs and other features. It covers 32 major orders of insects, from Thysanura to Hymenoptera, with 1-4 defining bullet points per order.
Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism in Ruminants Carbohydrate Digestion...
The rumen of such animals will have higher amylolytic bacteria than cellulolytic bacteria present in the rumen of roughage- and pasture-fed animals.
Factors such as the forage:concentrate ratio, the physical form of the diet (ground vs. pelleted), feed additives, and animal species can affect the rumen fermentation process and VFA production.
Molar ratios of VFAs are dependent on the forage:concentrate ratio of the diet. Cellulolytic bacteria tend to produce more acetate, while amylolytic bacteria produce more propionic acid.
Typically three major VFA molar ratios are 65:25:10 with a roughage diet and 50:40:10 with a concentrate-rich diet.
Changes in VFA concentration can lead to several disorders of carbohydrate digestion in ruminants.
Rumen acidosis occurs when animals are fed high-grain-rich diets or when animals are suddenly changed from pasture- or range-fed to feedlot conditions
Very little digestion occurs in the mouth in farm animals.
The small intestine is the site of carbohydrate digestion in monogastrics.
Pancreatic amylase acts on alpha 1,4 links, and other disaccharidases and remove disaccharide units.
The end product (mainly glucose) diffuses into the brush-border using ATP-dependent glucose transporters.
Undigested (fiber, nonstarch polysaccharides [NSP]) in the hindgut can serve as an energy source for hindgut microbes in monogastrics.
Ruminant carbohydrate digestion is very different from monogastrics. First, there is no amylase secreted in the saliva and then most carbs are fermented in the rumen by microbial enzymes.
Carbohydrates are fermented to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the rumen. These include acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid.
VFAs are absorbed through the rumen wall into the portal vein and are carried to the liver.
Ratios of the VFAs change with the type of diet. Roughage diets favor microbes that produce more acetic acid, whereas concentrate diets favor microbes that produce more propionic acid.
Carbohydrate fermentation disorders in ruminants include rumen acidosis (grain overload), when cattle are fed high-starch-based cereal or grain-rich diets or when there is a sudden change from pasture to feedlot FIBROUS CARBOHYDRATES
Cellulose and hemicellulose bound with lignin in plant cell walls or fiber. Provide bulk in the rumen. Fermented slowly.
The lignin content of fiber increases with plant maturity and the extent of cellulose and hemicellulose fermentation in the rumen decreases.
Fiber in the form of long particles essential to stimulate rumination. Which enhances the breakdown and fermentation of fiber and stimulates ruminal contraction, and increases the flow of saliva to the rumen.
Saliva contains sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and phosphate salts which help to maintain pH of the rumen close to neutral.
Rations lacking fiber generally result in a low percentage of fat in the milk and contribute to digestive disturbances (e.g., displaced abomasum, rumen acidosis).
Non-fibrous carbohydrat
Mammals
Mammals evolved from reptiles called Therapids during the Mesozoic era. They increased rapidly during the Cenozoic era. Mammals are characterized by having hair, mammary glands to feed young, and being warm-blooded. They are classified into monotremes, marsupials, and placentals. Placental mammals carry young to term in the uterus. There are 19 orders of mammals including rodents, bats, whales, carnivores, even-toed and odd-toed ungulates, primates, and more. Each order has distinct characteristics related to their evolution, habitats, diets and behaviors.
Fish and amphibians notes
Fish and amphibians are aquatic vertebrates. Fish are divided into jawless fish, cartilaginous fish like sharks, and bony fish. They exchange gases using gills, have fins for movement, and various feeding methods. Amphibians live in water as larvae and on land as adults. They evolved lungs and skin adaptations to transition to land. They are divided into salamanders, frogs and toads, and caecilians. Both fish and amphibians face environmental threats.
Classes of Arthropoda ppt
This document classifies and describes various nonchordate animal phylums. It discusses 12 major phylums: Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata. It then focuses on describing the 6 classes within the phylum Arthropoda: Onychophora, Crustacea, Arachnida, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, and Hexapoda/Insecta. It provides 1-2 sentence summaries of the key characteristics of each.
Phylum mollusca
The document describes key characteristics of the phylum Mollusca. It includes information on their anatomy, physiology and taxonomy. Some key points are:
- Molluscs are soft-bodied or shelled animals including snails, slugs, clams, squid and octopuses.
- They have a mantle, visceral mass, and in most cases a shell secreted by the mantle.
- Major classes include gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods, chitons and others.
- Life cycles typically involve a trochophore larva, veliger larva and indirect development to adulthood.
Birds
- Birds evolved from reptiles and Archaeopteryx possessed both reptilian and avian features. Key avian traits include feathers, hollow lightweight bones, beaks, endothermy, and amniotic eggs.
- Birds have highly specialized organ systems for flight including strong heart and respiratory systems. Their feathers provide insulation and flight abilities.
- There are many orders of birds with varied traits like waterfowl that are aquatic, owls with keen vision and hearing, and songbirds that communicate through song.
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3. Microhabitat selection, basking, activity cycles, and pre-flight muscle warmup are some behavioral adaptations insects use to thermoregulate, while controlling blood flow and heart rate are physiological mechanisms. This allows insects to optimize functions like flight
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Arthropods: An Introduction for Beginners
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sclerites of thoraci segment in insect
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2. Legs and wings articulate from specific sclerites. Each segment contains one pair of legs articulating from the pleuron, and wings articulate from the notum and pleuron.
3. The sclerites are further divided into subsections. The notum contains the prescutum, scutum, and scutellum. The sternum contains the presternum, basisternum, and sternellum. The pleuron contains the episternum and epimeron
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Phylum arthropoda characteristics
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2) Amphibians are classified into three subclasses: Labyrinthodontia, Lepospondyli, and Lissamphibia.
3) The three orders of modern amphibians (Lissamphibia) are Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), and Apoda (limbless amphibians).
Reptilia
This document summarizes the major groups of reptiles. It describes five orders: Sauria (lizards), Serpentes (snakes), Testudines (turtles), Crocodylia (crocodiles), and Rhynchocephalia (tuataras). It provides key characteristics of reptiles such as having scaly skin, laying amniotic eggs, and being ectothermic. Additionally, it highlights unique features of different reptile groups, including snakes' specialized anatomy for swallowing large prey whole and crocodiles guarding nests until hatchlings emerge.
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Reptiles were the first terrestrial vertebrates and dominated during the Mesozoic era. There are around 7,000 reptile species worldwide today, with the most successful group being squamates (snakes and lizards). Reptiles are characterized by scaly skin, laying amniotic eggs, and various anatomical adaptations for living on land such as efficient lungs and kidneys. The four surviving orders are squamates, crocodilians, turtles, and the tuatara; turtles are notable for their protective shells.
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Phylum Arthropoda
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Insect orders
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Phylum Arthropoda
The document summarizes key characteristics of the phylum Arthropoda. Arthropods have segmented bodies, jointed exoskeletons, and appendages for feeding, sensation, defense and locomotion. They include insects, arachnids, crustaceans and trilobites. Arthropods are found in many environments and have a variety of respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems.
Phylum artropoda
Los artrópodos son invertebrados con simetría bilateral, cuerpo segmentado y apéndices articulados. Presentan un exoesqueleto de quitina que los cubre y protege. Incluyen insectos, arañas, cangrejos y otros grupos. Pueden habitar diversos ambientes como tierra, agua y como parásitos. Algunos son depredadores, otros fitófagos o hematófagos.
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Classes of Arthropoda ppt
This document classifies and describes various nonchordate animal phylums. It discusses 12 major phylums: Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata. It then focuses on describing the 6 classes within the phylum Arthropoda: Onychophora, Crustacea, Arachnida, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, and Hexapoda/Insecta. It provides 1-2 sentence summaries of the key characteristics of each.
Phylum mollusca
The document describes key characteristics of the phylum Mollusca. It includes information on their anatomy, physiology and taxonomy. Some key points are:
- Molluscs are soft-bodied or shelled animals including snails, slugs, clams, squid and octopuses.
- They have a mantle, visceral mass, and in most cases a shell secreted by the mantle.
- Major classes include gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods, chitons and others.
- Life cycles typically involve a trochophore larva, veliger larva and indirect development to adulthood.
Birds
- Birds evolved from reptiles and Archaeopteryx possessed both reptilian and avian features. Key avian traits include feathers, hollow lightweight bones, beaks, endothermy, and amniotic eggs.
- Birds have highly specialized organ systems for flight including strong heart and respiratory systems. Their feathers provide insulation and flight abilities.
- There are many orders of birds with varied traits like waterfowl that are aquatic, owls with keen vision and hearing, and songbirds that communicate through song.
Light Production, Sound production and Thermoregulatoin in Insects
1. The document summarizes light and sound production mechanisms in various insect orders. It discusses how different insects produce light through specialized light-emitting organs and chemical reactions, as well as how they produce sounds through stridulation, percussion, and other methods.
2. Insects regulate their body temperatures through physiological and behavioral adaptations. They can generate heat through muscle activity during flight and warmup, and regulate heat loss by controlling blood flow and selecting microhabitats.
3. Microhabitat selection, basking, activity cycles, and pre-flight muscle warmup are some behavioral adaptations insects use to thermoregulate, while controlling blood flow and heart rate are physiological mechanisms. This allows insects to optimize functions like flight
Aves general characters
Birds are feathered, warm-blooded vertebrates that are believed to have evolved from small feathered dinosaurs. They have light, pneumatic bones and powerful flight muscles attached to their sternum. Birds reproduce through internal fertilization, with males transferring sperm to females through a cloacal kiss and females later laying fertilized eggs.
Blattidae
This document discusses the order Blattodea, commonly known as cockroaches. It provides details on two common species: the oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis) and the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). It describes their physical characteristics, life cycles, habitats, and economic significance. Key points include that oriental cockroaches are smaller than Americans, prefer damp areas, and females lay egg cases containing 16 eggs. American cockroaches can grow over 4 cm long, undergo 6-14 molts as nymphs, and males are able to fly. Both species can harbor human pathogens and contaminate areas with waste.
Arthropods: An Introduction for Beginners
This document provides an overview of arthropods. It begins by defining arthropods as bilateral invertebrates with jointed appendages and an exoskeleton. The document then discusses the origin of the name "arthropod" and provides background on the phylum's classification. It proceeds to describe key characteristics of arthropods generally and of the major subphyla (trilobita, crustaceans, chelicerates, and uniramia) specifically. Examples are given for most groups. In closing, the document outlines some of the economic importance of arthropods.
sclerites of thoraci segment in insect
1. The insect thorax is composed of hardened plates called sclerites that allow for locomotion. Each of the three thoracic segments contains a notum, pleuron, and sternum sclerite.
2. Legs and wings articulate from specific sclerites. Each segment contains one pair of legs articulating from the pleuron, and wings articulate from the notum and pleuron.
3. The sclerites are further divided into subsections. The notum contains the prescutum, scutum, and scutellum. The sternum contains the presternum, basisternum, and sternellum. The pleuron contains the episternum and epimeron
Morphology of cockroach
This document summarizes the morphology of cockroaches. It describes the classification of cockroaches in the phylum Arthropoda and order Dictyoptera. The external features, internal systems and life cycle stages of cockroaches are outlined including the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, reproductive, nervous and sensory systems. The economic importance of cockroaches as pests that can spread disease is also mentioned.
Phylum arthropoda characteristics
Phylum Arthropoda includes insects, crustaceans, arachnids and makes up over 82% of all living things. They are characterized by having a segmented body, jointed appendages, and an exoskeleton made of chitin. Arthropods have a head with sensory organs and mouthparts, a thorax for appendage attachment, and some have an abdomen. Their exoskeleton provides protection but limits growth, requiring molting. They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, and have open circulatory, digestive and nervous systems adapted for their habitat.
Classification of aves
All birds are in the Animalia Kingdom, Phylum of Chordata (with a backbone), and Class Aves (birds). At the Order level, the birds begin to diverge. For instance, the pelicans are in the Pelecaniformes Order while the nuthatches are in the Passeriformes Order.
General characters amphibia
1) Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates that can live both on land and in water. They have four limbs and lungs as adults.
2) Amphibians are classified into three subclasses: Labyrinthodontia, Lepospondyli, and Lissamphibia.
3) The three orders of modern amphibians (Lissamphibia) are Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), and Apoda (limbless amphibians).
Reptilia
This document summarizes the major groups of reptiles. It describes five orders: Sauria (lizards), Serpentes (snakes), Testudines (turtles), Crocodylia (crocodiles), and Rhynchocephalia (tuataras). It provides key characteristics of reptiles such as having scaly skin, laying amniotic eggs, and being ectothermic. Additionally, it highlights unique features of different reptile groups, including snakes' specialized anatomy for swallowing large prey whole and crocodiles guarding nests until hatchlings emerge.
Reptiles
Reptiles were the first terrestrial vertebrates and dominated during the Mesozoic era. There are around 7,000 reptile species worldwide today, with the most successful group being squamates (snakes and lizards). Reptiles are characterized by scaly skin, laying amniotic eggs, and various anatomical adaptations for living on land such as efficient lungs and kidneys. The four surviving orders are squamates, crocodilians, turtles, and the tuatara; turtles are notable for their protective shells.
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This document describes digestion in livestock animals. It discusses the non-ruminant, ruminant, and avian digestive systems. The key parts of the digestive tract are described, including how digestion occurs in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of feed. Absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine and nutrients are transported via blood and lymph systems.
Animal nutrition ppt
Nutrition in Animals discusses the seven major classes of nutrients needed by animals: carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, vitamins, and water. The document outlines the macronutrients that provide energy and structural material, as well as micronutrients required for other biological reasons. It also examines the specific molecular structures and roles of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fiber, and essential fatty acids in the animal diet.
Phylum Arthropoda
This document provides an overview of arthropods, which account for over three quarters of all known animal species. It discusses their key defining characteristics, including bilateral symmetry, segmented bodies, jointed legs, and hard exoskeletons. The document explores the diversity and success of arthropods, from their ancestral origins over 500 million years ago to the over one million insect species identified today. It also summarizes the major subgroups of arthropods like insects, spiders, crustaceans, and myriapods.
Introductory Entomology
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Phylum Arthropoda
The document summarizes key characteristics of the phylum Arthropoda. Arthropods have segmented bodies, jointed exoskeletons, and appendages for feeding, sensation, defense and locomotion. They include insects, arachnids, crustaceans and trilobites. Arthropods are found in many environments and have a variety of respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems.
Phylum artropoda
Los artrópodos son invertebrados con simetría bilateral, cuerpo segmentado y apéndices articulados. Presentan un exoesqueleto de quitina que los cubre y protege. Incluyen insectos, arañas, cangrejos y otros grupos. Pueden habitar diversos ambientes como tierra, agua y como parásitos. Algunos son depredadores, otros fitófagos o hematófagos.
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13. Phylum Arthropoda Notes
The document provides an overview of the phylum Arthropoda, which includes over 1 million species of segmented-body animals, such as insects, crustaceans, spiders, and others. It describes some key characteristics of arthropods like their jointed appendages and chitinous exoskeleton. It then focuses on the subphylum Crustacea, giving characteristics like antennae and molting. Specific classes are also outlined, such as Cirripedia, Copepoda, and Decapoda (crabs, lobsters, shrimp).
Presentasi arthropoda
Bab 8 membahas filum Arthropoda yang memiliki jumlah spesies terbanyak di kingdom Animalia. Arthropoda dibagi menjadi 4 kelas yaitu Insecta, Crustacea, Arachnida, dan Myriapoda. Insecta memiliki ciri seperti tubuh terbagi atas kepala, dada, dan perut serta mengalami metamorfosis.
Phylum Arthropoda
El documento describe las características principales del filo Arthropoda. Los artrópodos tienen simetría bilateral, cuerpo segmentado, exoesqueleto quitinoso, apéndices articulados, y sistema nervioso y respiratorio especializado. Presentan una gran diversidad de formas y hábitats debido a su éxito evolutivo.
Arthropoda
The document describes the phylum Arthropoda, including its characteristics and major subgroups. It covers their anatomy, physiology and life cycles. Arthropods have a hard exoskeleton, jointed appendages and undergo molting to grow. They include insects, spiders, crustaceans and others. The phylum contains millions of species and the document delves into the classification, traits and evolution of these diverse animals.
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The document discusses the structure and characteristics of arthropods. It notes that arthropods have a segmented body, jointed appendages, and a hard exoskeleton made of chitin. Their success is attributed to traits like metamerism, tagmatization, and their exoskeleton. Common characteristics include a head, thorax, and abdomen, as well as specialized respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and excretory systems. Arthropods display a variety of adaptations for feeding and have compound eyes well-suited for movement detection. The document also outlines the course objectives, scope, and procedures for learning about arthropods and echinoderms.
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Arthropoda
Arthropoda merupakan hewan beruas-ruas yang memiliki tubuh bersegmen dan kaki beruas. Tubuhnya dilindungi oleh ekoskeleton keras yang terbuat dari kitin. Arthropoda memilik beragam ukuran, bentuk tubuh, cara hidup, dan habitat mulai dari laut, perairan tawar, gurun pasir hingga padang rumput.
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Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
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Arthropoda (2) copy
Arachnida diklasifikasikan menjadi empat kelompok yaitu Scorpionida, Arachnoida, Aracina, dan Pseudoscorpionida berdasarkan jenis kaki dan ciri morfologis lainnya. Kelompok ini memiliki ciri umum seperti tubuh terdiri atas kepala dan abdomen serta memiliki satu atau dua pasang kaki pada setiap ruas tubuh.
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This document summarizes key characteristics of the phylum Annelida. It describes the three classes - Polychaeta, Aelosomata, and Clitellata (with subclasses). It then discusses the basic body plan, skeletal system, circulatory system, digestive/excretory system, reproductive system, nervous system, and some examples of specific annelid worms like the sea mouse, giant feather duster, leeches, giant Australian earthworm, colonial polyps, and king ragworm.
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Here are the answers to the flatworm quiz:
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3. Nephridium
4. Ecto or endoparasitic and few are free-living (usually aquatic)
5. Bilateral symmetrical
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7. Sexually and asexually
8. Body cavity and acoelomate
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Arthropods
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Chordates
Bony fishes occur in all aquatic environments and have a variety of body forms and appendages adapted for swimming. They have a two-chambered heart, lungs or gills for respiration, and scales covering their skin. Amphibians can live both on land and in water and show several adaptations over fish including limbs, advanced lungs and respiration, and a three-chambered heart. Both classes reproduce through external fertilization and have aquatic larval stages in many forms.
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Phylum Arthropoda
- 1. Phylum Arthropoda By: Cecelia Lounsberry and Gabe Dwyer
- 2. General Characteristics ● Bilaterally Symmetrical ● Cells form up to the size of tissues and organs. ● Eat everything from plants to animals ● Live everywhere in land, fresh water, salt water, and every other environment ● Largest Phyla on earth
- 3. Support System ● Exoskeleton-made of protein and chitin -used for protection -keeps joints attached -molting- sheds exoskeleton as it grows. ● usually contain a range from 3 to 300 sets of legs; usually have 2 pairs of antennae ● segmentation-head, thorax, abdomen
- 4. Digestive/Excrete System ● Eat Everything ● Food enters through the mouth and flows into the mid-gut where food is broken down and pushed to the hind gut. ● Nutrients and wastes are separated and either dispersed through the body or excreted in the form of guanine (DON'T drink energy drinks!)
- 5. Circulatory System ● Open Circulatory System body fluid enters pores to the organs and is propelled through arteries to the body ● Body fluid-Hemolymph (NOT blood) ● Hemolymph is pumped by the heart to sinuses called the hemocoel ● No Veins
- 6. Respiratory System ● Aquatic arthropods possess gills for respiration ● Land arthropods have a tracheae and book lungs as respiratory organs ● Air passes through the tracheae through specialized openings in the exoskeleton called spiracles
- 7. Nervous System ● Double chain of ganglia along the ventral surface of the arthropod ● At anterior end are 3 fused pairs of dorsal ganglia, constitutes the brain ● Much of the control of arthropod's activities is in the central ganglia
- 8. Reproductive System ● Most reproduce sexually ○ However, some species reproduce through parthenogenesis ● Sperm are usually transferred to the female in sealed packets called spermatophores ● The paired sex organs are connected directly to the ducts that open unto the ventral surface of the trunk
- 9. Hexapoda ● Includes insects ● Mostly live on land ● 3 pairs of legs; 2 pairs of wings ● There are more species of Hexapoda than all other forms of life combined
- 10. Cheliceriforms ● Includes horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites ● Live on land or in water ● Have chelicerae, which serve as pincers or fangs. ● They do not have antennae
- 11. Crustaceans ● Live in fresh and salt water environments ● Crustacea is Latin for "Shell" ● Shell is made of calcium, protein, and chitin ● Have anywhere from 16 to 60 segments; 2-3 pairs of legs ● Advanced crustaceans have pincers ● Include: Crabs, Lobsters, Barnacle, Shrimp
- 12. Myriapods ● All Myriapods live on land ● Head contains 3 appendages for eating including mandibles (jaw like structure) ● Millipedes -less than 1000 legs (2 pairs per segment) -herbivores -among earliest animals on land ● Centipedes -1 pair of legs per segment -carnivorous (havepoison claws)