Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It takes place in chloroplasts and involves two stages - the light-dependent reactions where energy from sunlight is captured and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions where carbon dioxide is fixed into organic compounds like glucose using the ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions. Many environmental factors like temperature, light intensity, water availability and carbon dioxide concentration can affect the rate of photosynthesis.
Cellular respiration ppt, describes generalities about energy and ATP, and the three stages of cellular respiration: Gylolisis, Krebs Cylce and Electron transport chain.
Cellular respiration ppt, describes generalities about energy and ATP, and the three stages of cellular respiration: Gylolisis, Krebs Cylce and Electron transport chain.
Part I
Explain the need for transport systems in multicellular plants
Describe the distribution of xylem and phloem tissue in roots, stems and leaves
Explain the absorption process in roots
Describe transport mechanisms
Part II
List factors that affects rate transpiration
Describe xerophyte properties
List the series of events that leads to translocation
This presentation describes in details how photosynthesis works along with its process. It also explains in details on the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
Part I
Explain the need for transport systems in multicellular plants
Describe the distribution of xylem and phloem tissue in roots, stems and leaves
Explain the absorption process in roots
Describe transport mechanisms
Part II
List factors that affects rate transpiration
Describe xerophyte properties
List the series of events that leads to translocation
This presentation describes in details how photosynthesis works along with its process. It also explains in details on the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
For this assignment, we were instructed to create a powerpoint presentation of at least 12 slides that adequately covered an academic subject of our choice. All sources for media is cited in the work cited at the end of the presentation.
AnswerPlants capture light from visible spectrum of sunrays using.pdfanokhilalmobile
Answer:
Plants capture light from visible spectrum of sunrays using cholorophyll, a photosynthetic
pigment of mesophyll cells of leaf etc. Light interacts with chloroplasts in the mesophyll in the
form of photons, which further enable photorespiration in the form of photosystem I and II. The
following is the photosynthesis reaction by capturing light to synthesize sugars using water and
carbon dioxide.
6 CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6 H2O (water) + sunlight C6H12O6 (saccharides) + 6 O2 (oxygen)
Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis: The products of light reactions are “saccharides” &
oxygen. These are going to takes place in thylakoid membrane and lumen when light catalyses
splitting of water molecules into protons and finally releases oxygen. These protons pumped
according to concentration gradient across the lumen to generate ATP in the presence of ATP
synthase.
The thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts are going to receive de-energisized electrons and water
molecule is going to split into electrons in the presence of \"photons of light\" finally release
electrons to send them into \"plastoquinone\" and ATP synthase\" pumps to generate NADPH
and ATP respectively.
The rate of photosynthesis is decreases when photorespiration increasing & photosynthesis is a
process known as C2 photorespiration and it is also called as an oxidative photosynthetic carbon
cycle, in it is clearly observed plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO meticulously
oxygenates RuBP associated with wastage of little amount of energy that is produced by
photosynthesis.
Stroma:
Light independent reactions or photorespiration occur in a fluid filled cavity outside the
thylakoid called as \"stroma\". In these reactions the product is glucose by the reaction happened
between CO2 and other compounds.
The light reactions: These reactions supply ATP and NADPH to the corresponding Calvin cycle,
and the Calvin cycle resupplies ADP (adenosine diphophate), Pi (inorganic phosphate), and
NADP+ to the light reactions vice versa.
During the transfer of electrons from the photosystem I of photosynthesis to NADPH, the
NADP+ reductase act as a last enzyme involved in its transfer.
The NADPH generated during the photosystem I (light dependent), is used as a reducing
equivalent in the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
Light interacts with chloroplasts in the mesophyll in the form of photons, which further enable
photorespiration in the form of photosystem I and II.
C4 can more efficient at photosynthesis than C3 plants, but 95% of plants on earth are C3 plants.
C4 plants are evolved as a means to avoid carbon dioxide depletion during dry condition; they
can concentrate carbon dioxide up to times than C3 plants as C4 plants utilize ATP to prevent
photorespiration finally promote CO2 concentration in bundle-sheath cells. These C4 plants are
going to send CO2 for carbon fixation in light independent reactions, Calvin cycle in limited
scale in the vicinity of RUBISCO. It is advantageous .
Photosynthesis is an inevitable process that keeps us alive.It is the main source for food and it's byproduct keeps us breathing. This ppt is the detailed explanation of photosynthesis and the components involved in it. Here you can easily understand the concept and you are able to strengthen your grip on this topic.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
6. 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O + light -> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O
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21. Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar using ATP and NADPH. Carbon dioxide is combined with a 5-carbon sugar creating a 6-carbon sugar. The 6-carbon sugar is eventually broken-down into two molecules, glucose and fructose. These two molecules make sucrose or sugar.
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26. Many factors affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs. Because water is one of the raw materials of photosynthesis, a shortage of water can slow or even stop photosynthesis. Plants that live in dry conditions, such as desert plants and conifers, have a waxy coating on their leaves that reduces water loss.
27. Depends on enzymes that function best between 0°C and 35°C. Temperatures above or below this range may damage the enzymes, slowing down the rate of photosynthesis. very low temperatures - photosynthesis may stop entirely. very high temperatures - enzymes are denatured. Optimum temperature: 25 o C to 35 o C Since both the stages of photosynthesis require enzyme activity, The temperature has an effect on the rate of photosynthesis.
29. Increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis. After the light intensity reaches a certain level - plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis. The level at which light intensity no longer affects photosynthesis varies from plant type to plant type. Light intensity increases:. the rate of the light-dependent reaction, and photosynthesis also increases As light intensity is increased, the rate of photosynthesis is eventually limited by some other factor. Chlorophyll a is used in both photosystems. PSI absorbs energy most efficiently at 700 nm and PSII at 680 nm. Light with a high proportion of energy concentrated in these wavelengths will produce a high rate of photosynthesis.
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31. 0.1% of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases the rate of photosynthesis significantly. This is achieved in the greenhouses which are enclosed chambers where plants are grown under controlled conditions. The concentration is increased by installing gas burners which liberate carbon dioxide as the gas burns. Crops like tomatoes, lettuce are successfully grown in the greenhouses. These greenhouse crops are found to be bigger and better-yielding than their counterparts growing in natural conditions. An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate at which carbon is incorporated into carbohydrate in the light-independent reaction Rate of photosynthesis generally increases until limited by another factor.
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