This presentation describes in details how photosynthesis works along with its process. It also explains in details on the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
This presentation describes in details how photosynthesis works along with its process. It also explains in details on the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS?, IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL FEATURE OF LEAF ADVANTAGE FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS,LEAVES AND LEAF STRUCTURE,CHLOROPHYLL, TYPES OF REACTIONS, LIGHT REACTION AND DARK REACTION, CYCLIC AND NON-CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPORYLATION, MECAHANISM OF ATP SYNTHESIS, SCHEMATIC PRESENTATION OF LIGHT REACTION, CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM (CAM), C3 AND C4 PLANTS, FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, INTERNAL FACTORS AND EXTERNAL FACTORS,
Photosynthesis is the process of preparing organic food (carbohydrate) by combining carbon dioxide and water, using solar energy by chlorophyll pigments.
The sugar produced in photosynthesis is stored in the form of starch in plants and it is the source of reserved internal energy.
Requirements for photosynthesis
(1) Sunlight (2) Photosynthetic pigment (3) Carbon dioxide
(4) Water
Stomata
These are tiny pores or microscopic aperture guarded by two kidney shaped r or bean shaped
guard cells,
Functions of stomata
(i) Massive amount of gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves through stomata. Exchange of gases also occurs across the surface of stem, root and leaves.
(ii) Transpiration takes place through the stomata. Large amount of water is lost in the form of water vapour through stomata is known as transpiration.
Guard cells
These are kidney shaped cells which cover single stoma. They contain chloroplast also.
Function of guard cells
They regulate the opening and closing of the stoma and also perform photosynthesis.
Opening and closing of stomata
When the guard cells swell (turgid) due to the entry of water, the stomata open. But when the
guard cells shrink (flaccid) due to the loss of water, the stomata gets closed.
Mechanism of photosynthesis
During photosynthesis following events occur
(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophylls.
(ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and O2.
(iii) Hydrogen reduces CO2 and synthesizes glucose (reduction of CO2 in to carbohydrates).
All these events can be categorised into two main phases, light phase and dark phase.
This was my presentation on the C4 pathway which includes the portions for 11th grade i hope it helps ppl for better understanding :)
I would like to say special Thanks to my biology teacher Mrs.Alarmelu for her outstanding support and her amazing effort in helping me to make this presentation a success
Photosynthesis is a very crucial process in nature and I have cleared a lot of basics concepts in this presentation. Any student in grade 11 or 12 (medical sc/biology/biotech) or a college student from science field will be able to clear his/her concepts through this ppt.
Plz do follow my Instagram page @biologistindia
WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS?, IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL FEATURE OF LEAF ADVANTAGE FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS,LEAVES AND LEAF STRUCTURE,CHLOROPHYLL, TYPES OF REACTIONS, LIGHT REACTION AND DARK REACTION, CYCLIC AND NON-CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPORYLATION, MECAHANISM OF ATP SYNTHESIS, SCHEMATIC PRESENTATION OF LIGHT REACTION, CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM (CAM), C3 AND C4 PLANTS, FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, INTERNAL FACTORS AND EXTERNAL FACTORS,
Photosynthesis is the process of preparing organic food (carbohydrate) by combining carbon dioxide and water, using solar energy by chlorophyll pigments.
The sugar produced in photosynthesis is stored in the form of starch in plants and it is the source of reserved internal energy.
Requirements for photosynthesis
(1) Sunlight (2) Photosynthetic pigment (3) Carbon dioxide
(4) Water
Stomata
These are tiny pores or microscopic aperture guarded by two kidney shaped r or bean shaped
guard cells,
Functions of stomata
(i) Massive amount of gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves through stomata. Exchange of gases also occurs across the surface of stem, root and leaves.
(ii) Transpiration takes place through the stomata. Large amount of water is lost in the form of water vapour through stomata is known as transpiration.
Guard cells
These are kidney shaped cells which cover single stoma. They contain chloroplast also.
Function of guard cells
They regulate the opening and closing of the stoma and also perform photosynthesis.
Opening and closing of stomata
When the guard cells swell (turgid) due to the entry of water, the stomata open. But when the
guard cells shrink (flaccid) due to the loss of water, the stomata gets closed.
Mechanism of photosynthesis
During photosynthesis following events occur
(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophylls.
(ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and O2.
(iii) Hydrogen reduces CO2 and synthesizes glucose (reduction of CO2 in to carbohydrates).
All these events can be categorised into two main phases, light phase and dark phase.
This was my presentation on the C4 pathway which includes the portions for 11th grade i hope it helps ppl for better understanding :)
I would like to say special Thanks to my biology teacher Mrs.Alarmelu for her outstanding support and her amazing effort in helping me to make this presentation a success
Photosynthesis is a very crucial process in nature and I have cleared a lot of basics concepts in this presentation. Any student in grade 11 or 12 (medical sc/biology/biotech) or a college student from science field will be able to clear his/her concepts through this ppt.
Plz do follow my Instagram page @biologistindia
AnswerPlants capture light from visible spectrum of sunrays using.pdfanokhilalmobile
Answer:
Plants capture light from visible spectrum of sunrays using cholorophyll, a photosynthetic
pigment of mesophyll cells of leaf etc. Light interacts with chloroplasts in the mesophyll in the
form of photons, which further enable photorespiration in the form of photosystem I and II. The
following is the photosynthesis reaction by capturing light to synthesize sugars using water and
carbon dioxide.
6 CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6 H2O (water) + sunlight C6H12O6 (saccharides) + 6 O2 (oxygen)
Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis: The products of light reactions are “saccharides” &
oxygen. These are going to takes place in thylakoid membrane and lumen when light catalyses
splitting of water molecules into protons and finally releases oxygen. These protons pumped
according to concentration gradient across the lumen to generate ATP in the presence of ATP
synthase.
The thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts are going to receive de-energisized electrons and water
molecule is going to split into electrons in the presence of \"photons of light\" finally release
electrons to send them into \"plastoquinone\" and ATP synthase\" pumps to generate NADPH
and ATP respectively.
The rate of photosynthesis is decreases when photorespiration increasing & photosynthesis is a
process known as C2 photorespiration and it is also called as an oxidative photosynthetic carbon
cycle, in it is clearly observed plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO meticulously
oxygenates RuBP associated with wastage of little amount of energy that is produced by
photosynthesis.
Stroma:
Light independent reactions or photorespiration occur in a fluid filled cavity outside the
thylakoid called as \"stroma\". In these reactions the product is glucose by the reaction happened
between CO2 and other compounds.
The light reactions: These reactions supply ATP and NADPH to the corresponding Calvin cycle,
and the Calvin cycle resupplies ADP (adenosine diphophate), Pi (inorganic phosphate), and
NADP+ to the light reactions vice versa.
During the transfer of electrons from the photosystem I of photosynthesis to NADPH, the
NADP+ reductase act as a last enzyme involved in its transfer.
The NADPH generated during the photosystem I (light dependent), is used as a reducing
equivalent in the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
Light interacts with chloroplasts in the mesophyll in the form of photons, which further enable
photorespiration in the form of photosystem I and II.
C4 can more efficient at photosynthesis than C3 plants, but 95% of plants on earth are C3 plants.
C4 plants are evolved as a means to avoid carbon dioxide depletion during dry condition; they
can concentrate carbon dioxide up to times than C3 plants as C4 plants utilize ATP to prevent
photorespiration finally promote CO2 concentration in bundle-sheath cells. These C4 plants are
going to send CO2 for carbon fixation in light independent reactions, Calvin cycle in limited
scale in the vicinity of RUBISCO. It is advantageous .
Photosynthesis is an inevitable process that keeps us alive.It is the main source for food and it's byproduct keeps us breathing. This ppt is the detailed explanation of photosynthesis and the components involved in it. Here you can easily understand the concept and you are able to strengthen your grip on this topic.
6. 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O + light -> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O
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21. Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar using ATP and NADPH. Carbon dioxide is combined with a 5-carbon sugar creating a 6-carbon sugar. The 6-carbon sugar is eventually broken-down into two molecules, glucose and fructose. These two molecules make sucrose or sugar.
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26. Many factors affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs. Because water is one of the raw materials of photosynthesis, a shortage of water can slow or even stop photosynthesis. Plants that live in dry conditions, such as desert plants and conifers, have a waxy coating on their leaves that reduces water loss.
27. Depends on enzymes that function best between 0°C and 35°C. Temperatures above or below this range may damage the enzymes, slowing down the rate of photosynthesis. very low temperatures - photosynthesis may stop entirely. very high temperatures - enzymes are denatured. Optimum temperature: 25 o C to 35 o C Since both the stages of photosynthesis require enzyme activity, The temperature has an effect on the rate of photosynthesis.
29. Increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis. After the light intensity reaches a certain level - plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis. The level at which light intensity no longer affects photosynthesis varies from plant type to plant type. Light intensity increases:. the rate of the light-dependent reaction, and photosynthesis also increases As light intensity is increased, the rate of photosynthesis is eventually limited by some other factor. Chlorophyll a is used in both photosystems. PSI absorbs energy most efficiently at 700 nm and PSII at 680 nm. Light with a high proportion of energy concentrated in these wavelengths will produce a high rate of photosynthesis.
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31. 0.1% of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases the rate of photosynthesis significantly. This is achieved in the greenhouses which are enclosed chambers where plants are grown under controlled conditions. The concentration is increased by installing gas burners which liberate carbon dioxide as the gas burns. Crops like tomatoes, lettuce are successfully grown in the greenhouses. These greenhouse crops are found to be bigger and better-yielding than their counterparts growing in natural conditions. An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate at which carbon is incorporated into carbohydrate in the light-independent reaction Rate of photosynthesis generally increases until limited by another factor.
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