This poem by Rafael Zulueta de Costa honors Jose Rizal and other martyred heroes who fought for Philippine independence. It urges Rizal and the spirits of the brave not to rest in peace yet, as there is still work to be done. The land and people need their young blood and example of sacrifice to infuse strength and courage into the "thin anaemic veins" of the nation. Only when the people see the example of the martyrs and become as strong and resilient as the molave tree on the hillside, able to withstand all storms, will Rizal and the heroes' dream of freedom be fully realized. The poem calls the martyrs to continue inspiring the people to carry
PHILIPPINE PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE (incomplete)Miss Ivy
1. Meaning of Literature
2. Epic
3. Myth
** Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
21st Century Literary Genres by Calle Friesendarinjohn2
Calle Friesen is a reading/literacy specialist at Buena Vista University in Storm Lake, Iowa. In addition, she is the program coordinator of the Masters in Reading program at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa.
A document about Philippine Literature Timeline for the subject '21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World' in Senior High School (SHS)
The students will understand that Philippine Literature is a reflection of the Filipino culture and tradition. This helps us establish our own identity.
PHILIPPINE PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE (incomplete)Miss Ivy
1. Meaning of Literature
2. Epic
3. Myth
** Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
21st Century Literary Genres by Calle Friesendarinjohn2
Calle Friesen is a reading/literacy specialist at Buena Vista University in Storm Lake, Iowa. In addition, she is the program coordinator of the Masters in Reading program at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa.
A document about Philippine Literature Timeline for the subject '21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World' in Senior High School (SHS)
The students will understand that Philippine Literature is a reflection of the Filipino culture and tradition. This helps us establish our own identity.
Philippine literature during the new century.
Includes authors and their published books, poems, essays and other literary works during the modern era.
Used in Economics with TAR.
includes discussion on mixed economy, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of mixed economy, types of mixed economy, features of mixed economy, best and worst practices in mixed economy and model countries.
Used in Literary Criticism
Includes a backgrounder on the author John Keats, vocabulary words, classification of the poem, and a per division discussion of the poem.
Used in Life, Works and Writings of Rizal.
Includes topics such as Rizal Laws and some controversies on his being a hero.
1. Is he for or against the revolution
2. Bonifacio and Rizal
3. Rizal: Made in the USA
4. No legislations supporting Rizal as a National Hero
Selecting and constructing test items and tasksEzr Acelar
Used in Assessment of Learning 1
Includes topics such as Measuring Knowledge and Simple Understanding, discussions on knowledge and remembering, Levels of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge, Categories of Lower Order Thinking Skills and Generic Questions for its Assessment, Measuring Deep Understanding, Alignment of Learning Outcomes and Cognitive Levels, Aligning of learning Outcomes to Test Types, Categories of Thought Questions for Deep Understanding and Sample Test Stems,
Used in Developmental Reading.
Includes Take off/Motivation Activities, Discussions on Drawing Conclusions, Tips to Effectively Draw Conclusions, and Tasks for practice.
Constructing Objective Supply Type of ItemsEzr Acelar
Used in Assessment of Learning 1.
Includes discussion for completion types of tests, short answer items, non-objective supply type, essay type, selected-response types,
Lesson 19 - Identifying Topics, Main Ideas and Supporting DetailsEzr Acelar
Used in Developmental Reading Class.
Includes Take Off/Motivation Activities, Discussion on the Paragraph, Main Idea, Topic Sentence, Tips from Reading Resources, and some activities for practice.
Instructional Programs for English Language Learners (ELL)Ezr Acelar
Used for PEDA 213 (Language Programs for Secondary Schools)
Includes Introduction to English Language Learner Programs, Phases of EL Instructions, the different types of ELL Programs and discussions for each.
was used for a reporting in Contemporary Literature as an executed lesson plan.
First Part was for Motivation (slides 2-7), a sort-of 4 Pics, 1 Word game.
Includes an introduction about the author Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore, background of the Gitanjali (Song Offerings), an activity on vocabulary building (slide 16) and some poems from Gitanjali.
The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey ChaucerEzr Acelar
used for reporting in English and American Literature
Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (English Literature)
includes setting, characters, summary, Chaucer's Tale of Melibee, Wife of Bath's Tale,
used for reporting in Introduction to Stylistics
includes the types of style (expository/argumentative, descriptive, narrative, persuasive) basic principles in stylistic analysis, teaching of language and literature: a case for stylistics, and stylistics and levels of language
used for reporting in ENG 214 - Introduction to Stylistics
includes the 3 waves of feminism, post feminism, feminist writers and literature, stereotypes of women in literature
7 Types of Curriculum Operating in SchoolsEzr Acelar
used for reporting in Curriculum Development
focuses on the 7 types of curriculum operating in schools (recommended, taught, written, supported, learned, hidden, assessed curriculum)
used for reporting in LIT 219 - English and American Literature
Patterns by Amy Lowell (American Literature)
Includes vocabulary words and per stanza interpretation (found in notes)
for LIT 203 (Panitikan sa Pilipinas)
Includes topics such as Kaligirang Kasaysayan ng Panahon (background), Katangian ng Literatura, Kilalang Manunulat at Akda (akdang Panrelihiyon sa Tagalog, Iloko, Bisaya, Mga Tula at Akdang ukol sa Tula, Tulang Maladula, Akdang Pangwika)
Other Approaches (Teaching Approach, Strategy, Method and Technique)Ezr Acelar
for EDUC 205 (Principles of Teaching 1) class
covers topics such as Blended Learning, Reflective Teaching/Learning, Metacognitive Approach, Constructivist Approach and Integrated Approach.
This was used for Lit 209 (Afro-Asian Literature).
This presentation is divided into 4 parts (Israel, Hebrew Literature, The Bible and some Biblical pieces).
Also includes some notes within the presentation itself.
Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy of Educational ObjectivesEzr Acelar
This was for EDUC 202 (Facilitating Learning).
Includes the old taxonomy, the revised taxonomy, the differences between the two as well as the two dimensions of the revised taxonomy and practical guide in using the revised taxonomy.
This was for EDUC 203 (Facilitating Learning).
This was the topic after Constructivism.
Includes Types of Transfer, Reasons Why Transfer Doesn't Work and Conditions and Principles for Transfer.
This was for LIT 208 (Mythology and Folklore).
It includes s\topics such as Egyptian Creation myth, gods and goddesses, mythical creatures and folklore.
Has some videos to aid in the instruction.
Notes are also included within the presentation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. Did you know…?
• The Philippines is the only country in the world whose flag is
hoisted upside down when the country is at war.
• The Philippines is the world’s largest supplier of nurses
• “boonies” or “boondocks” is based on bundok
• In the Philippines, it is considered rude to open gifts
immediately after they are given.
9. Did you know..?
Santelmo or St. Elmo’s
Fire, an urban legend,
is really an electrical
field.
There has also been
sighting in the Alps
and Himalayas.
10. Did you know..?
Aswang
A mythical female vampire-
like figure in Filipino
folklore who eats unborn
children has been the
subject of at least one
American horror film and
was featured in an episode
of the CW television
hit Supernatural called
“Fresh Meat."
.
11. Did you know..?
Cory Aquino was the
first Filipina to be
featured in Time
Magazine.
Her favorite color is red,
not yellow.
12. Philippine Literature
• Literature associated with the Philippines
• Written in Spanish, English, Filipino or in any other indigenous
language
• Includes the legends of prehistory and colonial legacy of the
Philippines
• Some of the most notable literature is written during Spanish period
13. Philippine Literature in English
• Started with the coming of the Americans
• 1900: English as medium of instruction in public schools
• American soldiers – first teachers
• August 1901: Thomasites arrived (500 American teachers, on board
USAT Thomas)
• 1908: primary and intermediate grades were using English
Note: Thomasites formalized and strengthened Philippine education
14. Period of Re-Orientation (1900-1910)
Not much literary work were produced because writers were still
adjusting to:
• the idea of democracy
• the new phraseology of the English language
• standards of the English literary style
15. Period of Re-Orientation (1900-1910) :
Periodicals
El Renacimiento
• Founded in Manila by Rafael
Palma in 1901
Philippine Free Press
• Established in Manila by R.
McCollough Dick and D. Theo
Rogers
16. Period of Re-Orientation (1900-1910) :
Poetry
1907: Sursum Corda, written by Justo Juliano, was published in El
Renacimiento
- First work to be published in English
- means “lift up your hearts” or “hearts lifted”
1909: My Mother and Air Castles, by Jan F. Salazar were also
published
To My Lady In Laoag, by Proceso Sebastian
17. Period of Imitation (1910 – 1925)
• 1919: the UP College Folio published the literary compositions of the
first Filipino writers in English. They were the pioneers in short story
writing.
• Filipino writers imitated heavily American and British models which
resulted in a stilted, artificial and unnatural style, lacking vitality and
spontaneity.
• Short stories, novels and essays in English came to exist in this period.
• Writers of this folio included Fernando Maramag (the best editorial
writer of this period) Juan F. Salazar, Jose M. Hernandez, Vicente del
Fierro, and Francisco M. Africa and Victoriano Yamzon. They pioneered
in English poetry.
18. Period of Imitation (1910 – 1925)
Essay
Noted essayists: Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge C. Bocobo, Mauro Mendez, and
Vicente Hilario
- truly scholarly characterized by sobriety, substance and structure. They
excelled in the serious essay, especially the editorial type.
Informal Essay
Ignacio Manlapaz, Godefredo Rivera, Federico Mangahas, Francisco B.
Icasiano, Salvador P. Lopez, Jose Lansang and Amando G. Dayrit
-introduced the informal essay, criticism and the journalistic column. They
spiced their work with humor, wit and satire.
19. Period of Imitation (1910 – 1925)
Novel
Zoilo Galang
• Author of A Child of Sorrow
• First novel in English
• Published 1921
20. Period of Imitation
(1910 – 1925) :
Short Stories
Paz Marquez Benitez
- Author of Dead Stars, stood out
as a model of perfection in
character delineation, local
color, plot and message. Other
short stories published during
this time were but poor
imitations of their foreign
models.
- Published in 1920s
21. Period of Imitation (1910 – 1925)
Philippine Collegian – replaced the UP College Folio
Newspapers and periodicals also saw print during this time like the
Bulletin, the Philippines Herald (1920), the Philippine Review, the
Independent, Rising Philippines and Citizens, and the Philippine
Education Magazine 1924.
22. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-
1941)
• Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing
• competently wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-time
favorites of love and youth persisted
• Poetry produced during this time was original, spontaneous,
competently written and even socially conscious.
23. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-
1941)
Poetry
Noteworthy names in this field include Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion,
Jose Garcia Villa, Angela Manalang Gloria, Abelardo Subido, Trinidad
Tarrosa Subido and Rafael Zulueta da Costa.
They turned our not only love poems but patriotic, religious,
descriptive and reflective poems as well. They wrote in free verse, in
odes and sonnets and in other types.
24. Period of Self-
Discovery and Growth
(1925-1941)
Jose Garcia Villa
- author of Footnote to Youth, published in
1933 and Mir-in-isa
- known as the Comma Poet
- used the penname Doveglion (derived from
dove, eagle, lion)
- He was awarded the National Artist of the
Philippines title for literature in 1973
25. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-
1941)
Short Story
Probably because of the incentives provided by publications like the
Philippine Free Press, The Graphic, The Philippine Magazine and college
publications like the UP Literary Apprentice, poetry and the short story
flourished during these times.
1930-1940 - the Golden Era of Filipino writing in English
Characteristics:
There were still remnants of Spanish influence in the use of expressions that
were florid, sentimental, exaggerated and bombastic. The influence of the
Western culture also was already evident.
26. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-
1941)
Essay
Essays during this period improved with the years in quality and quantity, in
content, subject and style.
a. Political, social reflective essays: Federico Mangahas, Salvador P. Lopez, Pura S.
Castrence, Vicente Albano Pacis, Ariston Estrada and Jose A. Lansang.
b. Critical essays were espoused by Salvador P. Lopez, I.V. Mallari, Ignacio
Manlapaz, Jose Garcia Villa, Arturo B. Rotor, and Leopoldo Y. Yabes. An example
of this is Maximo V. Soliven’s THEY CALLED IT BROTHERHOOD.
c. Personal or Familiar essays were written by F.B. Icasiano (Mang Kiko), Alfredo E.
Litiatco, Solomon V. Arnaldo, Amando G. Dayrit and Consuelo Gar (Catuca).
27. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-
1941)
Salvador P. Lopez
Author of LITERATURE AND
SOCIETY (1940)
a collection of critical
reflections and serious essays
and which won first prize in the
Commonwealth Literary
Contest of 1940.
Camilo Osias
Author of THE FILIPINO WAY OF LIFE
(1940)
a series of essays on the Filipino way of
life as drawn from history, folkways,
philosophy and psychology of the
Philippines
28. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-
1941)
1941: F.B. Icasiano (Mang Kiko) was reprints of the best of Icasiano’s essays in the
Sunday Times Magazine under the column From My Nipa Hut. It is an essay of the
common “tao” and is written with humor and sympathy.
August 16, 1941: Carlos P. Romulo had an editorial printed in the Philippines
Herald. Entitled I AM A FILIPINO, it was reprinted in his book MY BROTHER
AMERICANS in 1945 in New York by Doubleday & Co.
Other essayist include Ignacio Manlapaz, Vicente Albano Pacis, I.V. Mallari, Jose M.
Fernandez, Leopoldo Y. Yabes, Isidro L. Ritizos, Pura Santillan.
The Philippine Writer’s League put out a collection of essays called Literature Under
the Commonwealth. Amando G. Dayrit with his column Good Morning Judge led
others like Leon Ma. Guerrero, Salvador P. Lopez, Vicente Albano Pacis, Jose A.
Lansang and Federico Mangahas.
29. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-
1941)
Biography 1925-1941
1935: I.P. Caballero and Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion wrote about QUEZON.
1938: THE GREAT MALAYAN won a prize in the national contest sponsored by the
Commonwealth of the Philippines. This was written by Carlos Quirino, the most famous
biographer of the period. He also wrote Quezon, the Man of Destiny.
1940: I.V. Mallari’s The Birth of Discontent revealed the sensitive touch of a writer who in
simple language was able to reveal his profound thoughts and feelings.
History
Not much about history has been written by Filipino writers.
1937, with regard to literary history, we can cite Teofilo del Castillo’s The Brief History of
the Philippine Islands.
30. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-
1941)
PUBLICATIONS
The Philippine Free Press provided the first incentives to Filipino writers
in English by offering prizes to worthwhile contributions. Other
publications followed suit.
THE DRAMA (1925-1941)
Drama during this period did not reach the heights attained by the
novel or the short story. The UP provided the incentives when they
introduced playwriting as a course and established the UP Little
Theater.
31. The Japanese Occupation (1941-1945)
• Writings that came out were journalistic in nature
• Writers felt suppressed
• Spirit of nationalism seeped into the works but not much was
produced during this time.
• Majority of the writers waited for a better climate to publish their
works.
32. The Japanese Occupation
(1941-1945)
Carlos P. Romulo
- co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the
Philippines, a general in the US Army and
the Philippine Army
- Won the Pulitzer Prize for his bestsellers
“I Saw The Fall Of The Philippines”, “I See
The Philippines Rise” and “My Brother
Americans”
- was nominated for Nobel Peace Prize in
1952 “for his contribution in international
cooperation, in particular on questions on
undeveloped areas, and as president
for UN’s 4th General Assembly"
- named one of the Philippines' National
Artists in Literature (1982)
33. Rebirth of Freedom (1945 – to present)
• Longer pieces were being written by writers during this period
• Many writers in English were recognized abroad
34. Rebirth of Freedom (1945 – to present)
Kerima Polotan Tuvera
- pseudonym Patricia S. Torres
- Author of The Hand of the
Enemy, a novel, which win the
Stonehill Award
- penned the only officially
approved biography of the First
Lady Imelda Marcos, Imelda
Romualdez Marcos: a biography
of the First Lady of the
Philippines
35. Stevan Javellana
- An Ilonggo literary gem
- Author of Without Seeing the
Dawn, a novel, which tells the
grim experiences of Filipinos, in
general, and the Ilonggos, in
particular, during World War II
- Without Seeing the Dawn, also
known as The Lost Ones, is his
only novel
- Also known as Esteban Javellana
Rebirth of Freedom (1945 – to present)
36. Literary Awards in the Philippines
Palanca Awards or Don Carlos Palanca Memorial
Awards for Literature
The Manila Standard called it the "Pulitzer Prize" of the
Philippines in prestige.
entries to the Palanca competition have to be
previously unpublished pieces in their manuscript form.
The Palanca Awards, organized by the Carlos Palanca
Foundation, is one of the Philippines' longest-running
awards programs
The Palanca Awards was established in 1950 to inspire
and recognize Filipino writers, including poets,
playwrights and screenwriters, and writers for children.
37. Literary Awards in the Philippines
Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas
The Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas is a prestigious award given
by the Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas (UMPIL). The award is
given to literary works of different genres.
Literary works may be any of the following: fiction, essays, poetry,
criticism, drama, or screenplay. Works may be written in English,
Filipino, Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilokano and Hiligaynon.
38. FOOTNOTE TO YOUTH by Jose Garcia Villa
Setting: in a rural area, with ricefields, simple living
Characters:
• Dodong – the main character; a farmer and a farmer’s son
- 17 years old, “had pimples on his face, the down on his upper lip was dark – these meant he was
no longer a boy.” “He felt insolent and big at the thought of being a man although he was by nature low in
stature”. He thinks he can do anything.
- in love and wanted to marry Teang
• Teang – “had small, brown face and small black eyes and straight glossy hair”
• Mother / Inay – mother of Dodong
-“walks with slow careful steps”; does all the housework alone
• Father / Tatay – father of Dodong; suffering from a diseased tooth, constantly sucking at it
• Lucio – another suitor of Teang, 6 years older than Dodong; married but childless
• Blas – Dodong’s eldest child among 7; wanted to marry, at 18, Tona
• Tona – the love interest of Blas
39. FOOTNOTE TO YOUTH by Jose Garcia Villa
Theme:
In life, sometimes history repeats itself. It may appear in a different form or
manifestation but somehow it bears the same consequence. Life has
vicarious lessons. One must not make decisions in haste, out of impulse, in a
spur of a moment – especially when it comes to serious matters like
marriage.
Elders (like parents) should guide the children properly, not letting them do
whatever they want to do all the time nor not letting them do anything most
of the time. They should impart the proper lessons and teachings to their
children rather than letting the children go ahead on their plans blindly.
If you can stop something from happening again the second time, then do
something about it.
40. LIKE THE MOLAVE by Rafael Zulueta de Costa
I. Not yet, Rizal, not yet. Sleep not in peace:
There are a thousand waters to be spanned;
There are a thousand mountains to be crossed;
There are a thousand crosses to be borne.
Our shoulders are not strong;
our sinews are grown flaccid with dependence,
smug with ease under another’s wing.
Rest not in peace; Not yet, Rizal, not yet.
The land has need of young blood-and,
what younger than your own,
Forever spilled in the great name of freedom,
Forever oblate on the altar of the free?
Not you alone, Rizal.
O souls and spirits of the martyred brave, arise!
Arise and scour the land!
Shed once again your willing blood!
Infuse the vibrant red
Into our thin anaemic veins;
Until we pick up your Promethean tools and,
strong,
Out of the depthless matrix of your of your faith
In us, and on the silent cliffs of freedom,
We carve for all time your marmoreal dream!
Until our people, seeing, are become
Like the molave, firm, resilent, staunch,
Rising on the hillside, unafraid,
Strong in its own fibre, yes, like the molave!
41. LIKE THE MOLAVE by Rafael Zulueta de Costa
II. The youth of the land is a proud and noble
appellation,
The youth of the land is a panoramic poem,
The youth of the land is a book of paradoxes,
The youth of the land is a pat on one’s back,
The youth of the land is a huge canvas of spectral
colors,
The youth of the land is an epic tragedy-comedy,
The youth of the land is a crashing symphony,
The youth of the land is a child grown old in tears,
The youth of the land is an old man laughing through a
perpetual infancy;
A bastard child of a thousand dreams, masquerading
and dancing,
The youth of the land.
III. We, the Filipinos of today, are soft,
Easy-going, parasitic, frivolous,
Inconstant, indolent, inefficient.
Would you have me sugarcoat you?
I would be happier to shower praise upon
My countrymen…but let us be realists…
Let us strip ourselves
Youth of the land, you are a bitter pill to swallow.
This is a testament of the youth borne on the four
pacific winds;
This is a parable of seed four ways sown in stone;
This is a chip not only on the President’s shoulder:
The nation of our fathers shivers with longing
expectation.
Shall we, sons and daughters, brother youths of the
land,
Walk up new and forever knock the flirting chip off?
Or will the nation of our fathers be forever and
forever
Lighting candles in the wind?
Editor's Notes
The world’s largest supplier of nurses, supplying roughly 25% of all overseas nurses worldwide
The English words “boonies” and “boondocks” is actually based on the Filipino/Tagalog word for “mountain,” bundok. The word entered the North American vernacular in the 1940s, probably brought back by soldiers stationed in the Philippines during World War II
The jeepney is sometimes referred to as the “King of the Philippine roads.” It is a descendant of the Jeeps American troops drove in the Philippines during World War II. Second- and third-generation jeepneys have air conditioning units and closely resemble minibuses. They can carry up to 16 passengers.
The world’s largest pearl was discovered by a Filipino diver in the Palawan Sea in 1934. Known as the “Pearl of Lao Tzu,” or “Pearl of Allah,” the gem weighs 14 pounds (6.35 kg) and measures 9.5 inches (24 cm) long and 5.5 inches (.4 cm) in diameter. It has a value of over US$40 million. It is believed to be 600 years old.
The yo-yo had its beginnings as an ancient Filipino studded hunting weapon attached to a 20-foot rope. The modern yo-yo was invented by a Filipino American, and its name yóyo comes from the Filipino language Ilocano and means “come back
The Philippines is home to the world’s longest snake, the Reticulated Python (Pythonreticulatus), which also happens to be the world’s longest reptile. It can grow to 28.5 feet (8.7 m) in length.
In the 1970s, a 22.6-foot reticulated phyton terrorized Luzon and swallowed an Agta Negrito.
The antibiotic erythromycin was invented by Filipino Dr. Abelardo Aguilar in 1949. He sent a sample to his employer, the Eli Lilly pharmaceutical company, which promptly patented it. Erythromycin is used for people who are allergic to penicillin and has saved millions of lives
The Philippines is considered the text capital of the world. Every day, 35 million Filipinos send about 450 million SMS messages. This is more than the total number of daily text messages sent in the U.S. and Europe combined.
Santelmo, or Santo Elmo, is a fireball seen by dozens of Filipinos, especially those who live in the Sierra Madre Mountains. It was scientifically explained as electrical fields that have diverged from the power lines. However, sightings have been reported since the Spanish era (16th–19th centuries). There have also been similar sightings in the Alps and Himalayas.
The Aswang, a mythical female vampire-like figure in Filipino folklore who eats unborn children, has been the subject of at least one American horror film and was featured in an episode of the CW television hit Supernatural called “Fresh Meat."
The late President Corazon Aquino as well as the EDSA People Power Revolution are best remembered through the iconic ‘yellow ribbon’. However, she once admitted that RED was actually her first favorite. The yellow color only came after some friends suggested the song “Tie A Yellow Ribbon” for Ninoy’s homecoming. Cory continued to use her yellow trademark after her husband’s death.
Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature were actually epics passed on from generation to generation originally through oral tradition. However, wealthy families, especially in Mindanao were able to keep transcribed copies of these epics as family heirloom. One such epic was the Darangen, epic of the Maranaos of Lake Lanao. Most of the epics were known during the Spanish era.
Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in the Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, or any indigenous Philippine languages.
The Thomasites was originally a group of about five hundred American teachers sent by the U.S. government to the Philippines in August 1901 who arrived on the USAT Thomas but it has also be expanded to include any teacher that arrived in the first few years on the American Colonial Period of the Philippines.
English as a literary vehicle came with the American occupation in August 13, 1898 and as they say, a choice bestowed on us by history. By 1900, English came to be used as a medium of instruction in the public schools. From the American forces were recruited the first teachers of English. By 1908, the primary and intermediate grades were using English. It was also about this time when UP, the forerunner in the use of English in higher education, was founded.
Writers of this period were still adjusting to the newfound freedom after the paralyzing effect of repression of thought and speech under the Spanish regime. They were adjusting the idea of democracy, to the new phraseology of the English language and to the standards of the English literary style Writers had to learn direct expression as conditioned by direct thinking. They had to learn that sentence constructions; sounds and speech in English were not the same as in the vernacular. They had to discard sentimentality and floridity of language for the more direct and precise English language.
Not much was produced during this period and what literature was produced was not much of literary worth. The first attempts in English were in two periodicals of this time: (a) El Renacimiento: founded in Manila by Rafael Palma in 1901. (b) Philippines Free Press : established in Manila in 1905 by R. McCullough Dick and D. Theo Rogers. POETRY In 1907, Justo Juliano’s SURSUM CORDA which appeared in the Renacimiento was the first work to be published in English.
POETRY In 1907, Justo Juliano’s SURSUM CORDA which appeared in the Renacimiento was the first work to be published in English. In 1909, Jan F. Salazar’s MY MOTHER and his AIR CASTLES were also published in this paper. It was also in 1909 when Proceso Sebastian followed with his poem TO MY LADY IN LAOAG, also in this same paper.
By 1919, the UP College Folio published the literary compositions of the first Filipino writers in English. They were the pioneers in short story writing. They were then groping their way into imitating American and British models which resulted in a stilted, artificial and unnatural style, lacking vitality and spontaneity. Their models included Longfellow and Hawthorne, Emerson and Thoreau, Wordsworth and Tennyson, Thackeray and Macaulay, Longfellow, Allan Poe, Irving and other American writers of the Romantic School. Writers of this folio included Fernando Maramag (the best editorial writer of this period) Juan F. Salazar, Jose M. Hernandez, Vicente del Fierro, and Francisco M. Africa and Victoriano Yamzon. They pioneered in English poetry.
ESSAYS The noted essayists of this time were: Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge C. Bocobo, Mauro Mendez, and Vicente Hilario. Their essays were truly scholarly characterized by sobriety, substance and structure. They excelled in the serious essay, especially the editorial type. The next group of writers introduced the informal essay, criticism and the journalistic column. They spiced their work with humor, wit and satire. These group included Ignacio Manlapaz, Godefredo Rivera, Federico Mangahas, Francisco B. Icasiano, Salvador P. Lopez, Jose Lansang and Amando G. Dayrit
SHORT STORIES In the field of short stories, DEAD STARS by Paz Marquez Benitez written in the early 1920’s stand out as a model of perfection in character delineation, local color, plot and message. Other short stories published during this time were but poor imitations of their foreign models.
The UP College Folio was later replaced by the Philippine Collegian. Newspapers and periodicals also saw print during this time like the Bulletin, the Philippines Herald (1920), the Philippine Review, the Independent, Rising Philippines and Citizens, and the Philippine Education Magazine 1924.
By this time, Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing. They now confidently and competently wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-time favorites of love and youth persisted. They went into all forms of writing like the novel and the drama.
1. POETRY Noteworthy names in this field include Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion, Jose Garcia Villa, Angela Manalang Gloria, Abelardo Subido, Trinidad Tarrosa Subido and Rafael Zulueta da Costa. They turned our not only love poems but patriotic, religious, descriptive and reflective poems as well. They wrote in free verse, in odes and sonnets and in other types. Poetry was original, spontaneous, competently written and later, incorporated social consciousness.
José García Villa (August 5, 1908 – February 7, 1997) was a Filipino poet, literary critic, short story writer, and painter. He was awarded the National Artist of the Philippines title for literature in 1973,[1] as well as the Guggenheim Fellowship in creative writing byConrad Aiken.[2] He is known to have introduced the "reversed consonance rime scheme" in writing poetry, as well as the extensive use of punctuation marks—especially commas, which made him known as the Comma Poet.[3] He used the penname Doveglion(derived from "Dove, Eagle, Lion"), based on the characters he derived from himself. These animals were also explored by another poet e.e. cummings in Doveglion, Adventures in Value, a poem dedicated to Villa.
2. THE SHORT STORY (1925-1941) Probably because of the incentives provided by publications like the Philippine Free Press, The Graphic, The Philippine Magazine and college publications like the UP Literary Apprentice, poetry and the short story flourished during these times. Other writers during this time include Osmundo Sta. Romana, Arturo Rotor, Paz Latorena’s Sunset, and Jose Garcia Villa’s Mir-in-isa. From 1930 to 1940, the Golden Era of Filipino writing in English saw the short story writers “who have arrived,” like Jose Lansang’s The Broken Parasol, Sinai C. Hamada’s Talanata’s Wife, Fausto Dugenio’s Wanderlust, Amando G. Dayrit’s His Gift and Yesterday, Amador T. Daugio’s The Woman Who Looked Out of the Window. Characteristics of the short stories during these times: There were still remnants of Spanish influence in the use of expressions that were florid, sentimental, exaggerated and bombastic. The influence of the Western culture also was already evident.
ESSAYS AND OTHER PROSE STYLES (1925-1941) Essays during this period improved with the years in quality and quantity, in content, subject and style. Essayists like Carlos P. Romulo became even more eminent editorial writers. The notable writers of essays during this period were:a. Political, social reflective essays: Through their newspaper columns the following became very popular: Federico Mangahas, Salvador P. Lopez, Pura S. Castrence, Vicente Albano Pacis, Ariston Estrada and Jose A. Lansang. b. Critical essays were espoused by Salvador P. Lopez, I.V. Mallari, Ignacio Manlapaz, Jose Garcia Villa, Arturo B. Rotor, and Leopoldo Y. Yabes. An example of this is Maximo V. Soliven’s THEY CALLED IT BROTHERHOOD. c. Personal or Familiar essays were written by F.B. Icasiano (Mang Kiko), Alfredo E. Litiatco, Solomon V. Arnaldo, Amando G. Dayrit and Consuelo Gar (Catuca).
Some of the notable works during this time were: 1940: Salvador P. Lopez’ LITERATURE AND SOCIETY which is a collection of critical reflections and serious essays and which won first prize in the Commonwealth Literary Contest of 1940.1940: Camilo Osias published THE FILIPINO WAY OF LIFE, a series of essays on the Filipino way of life as drawn from history, folkways, philosophy and psychology of the Philippines.
1941: F.B. Icasiano (Mang Kiko) was reprints of the best of Icasiano’s essays in the Sunday Times Magazine under the column From My Nipa Hut. It is an essay of the common “tao” and is written with humor and sympathy. August 16, 1941: Carlos P. Romulo had an editorial printed in the Philippines Herald . Entitled I AM A FILIPINO, it was reprinted in his book MY BORTHER AMERICANS in 1945 in New York by Doubleday & Co.
OTHER ESSAYISTS INCLUDE: Ignacio Manlapaz, Vicente Albano Pacis, I.V. Mallari, Jose M. Fernandez, Leopoldo Y. Yabes, Isidro L. Ritizos, Pura Santillan. The Philippine Writer’s League put out a collection of essays called Literature Under the Commonwealth. Amando G. Dayrit with his column Good Morning Judge led others like Leon Ma. Guerrero, Salvador P. Lopez, Vicente Albano Pacis, Jose A. Lansang and Federico Mangahas.
. BIOGRAPHY 1925-1941 In 1935, I.P. Caballero and Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion wrote about QUEZON. In 1938, THE GREAT MALAYAN won a prize in the national contest sponsored by the Commonwealth of the Philippines. This was written by Carlos Quirino, the most famous biographer of the period. He also wrote Quezon, the Man of Destiny. In 1940, I.V. Mallari’s The Birth of Discontent revealed the sensitive touch of a writer who in simple language was able to reveal his profound thoughts and feelings. 5. HISTORY Not much about history has been written by Filipino writers. In 1937, with regard to literary history, we can cite Teofilo del Castillo’s The Brief History of the Philippine Islands.
6. PUBLICATIONS The Philippine Free Press provided the first incentives to Filipino writers in English by offering prizes to worthwhile contributions. Other publications followed suit. 7. THE DRAMA (1925-1941) Drama during this period did not reach the heights attained by the novel or the short story. The UP provided the incentives when they introduced playwriting as a course and established the UP Little Theater.
Kerima Polotan-Tuvera (December 16, 1925 – August 19, 2011) was an award-winning Filipino fiction writer, essayist, and journalist.[1] Some of her stories were published under the pseudonym "Patricia S. Torres".
Between the years 1966 and 1986, her husband served as the executive assistant[3] and speechwriter[1] of then-PresidentFerdinand Marcos. Her husband's work drew her into the charmed circle of the Marcoses. It was during this time (1969) that Polotan-Tuvera penned the only officially approved biography of the First Lady Imelda Marcos, Imelda Romualdez Marcos: a biography of the First Lady of the Philippines.[4]
During the years of martial law in the Philippines, she founded and edited the officially approved FOCUS Magazine,[3] as well as the Evening Post newspaper.
The 1961 Stonehill Award was bestowed on Polotan-Tuvera,[2] for her novel The Hand of the Enemy. In 1963, she received the Republic Cultural Heritage Award, an award discontinued in 2003[7] but was then considered the government’s highest form of recognition for artists at the time. The city of Manila conferred on Polotan-Tuvera its Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award, in recognition of her contributions to its intellectual and cultural life.[1]
was a Filipino diplomat, statesman, soldier, journalist and author. He was a reporter at 16, a newspaper editor by the age of 20, and a publisher at 32. He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines, a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army, university president, President of the UN General Assembly, was eventually named one of the Philippines' National Artists in Literature, and was the recipient of many other honors and honorary degrees.
At the third UN General Assembly, held in Paris in 1948, the USSR’s deputy foreign minister, Andrei Vishinsky, sneered at Rómulo and challenged his credentials: “You are just a little man from a little country.” “It is the duty of the little Davids of this world,” cried Rómulo, “to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave!”
When the UN official seal, which depicts the world, was being selected, Romy looked it over and demanded, “where is the Philippines?” “It’s too small to include,” explained US Senator Warren Austin, who headed the committee. “If we put in the Philippines it would be no more than a dot.” “I want that dot!” Romy insisted. Today, if you look at the UN seal, you will find a tiny dot between the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea.[citation needed]
Rómulo was a dapper little man (barely five feet four inches in shoes). When they waded in at Leyte beach in October 1944, and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep, one of Romulo's journalist friends cabled, “If MacArthur was in water waist deep, Rómulo must have drowned!”